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  1. Article: Flower visitors of

    Otieno, Mark / Joshi, Neelendra / Rutschmann, Benjamin

    PeerJ

    2021  Volume 9, Page(s) e10473

    Abstract: Background: The African violets are endangered plant species restricted mainly to the Eastern Arc Mountains biodiversity hotspots in Kenya and Tanzania. These plants grow well in shaded environments with high humidity. Given their restricted ... ...

    Abstract Background: The African violets are endangered plant species restricted mainly to the Eastern Arc Mountains biodiversity hotspots in Kenya and Tanzania. These plants grow well in shaded environments with high humidity. Given their restricted geographical range and published evidence of dependance on insect vectors to facilitate sexual reproduction, understanding their pollination biology is vital for their survival.
    Methods: We conducted an empirical study using flower visitor observations, pan trapping and bagging experiments to establish the role of flower visitors in the fruit set of a locally endemic and critically endangered species of African violet in Taita Hills, Kenya,
    Results: The study found that fruit set is increased by 47.8% in
    Conclusions: Insects appear to be essential flower visitors necessary for increased fruit set in
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2703241-3
    ISSN 2167-8359
    ISSN 2167-8359
    DOI 10.7717/peerj.10473
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Elevated ozone and carbon dioxide affects the composition of volatile organic compounds emitted by Vicia faba (L.) and visitation by European orchard bee (Osmia cornuta).

    Otieno, Mark / Karpati, Zsolt / Peters, Marcell K / Duque, Laura / Schmitt, Thomas / Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf

    PloS one

    2023  Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) e0283480

    Abstract: Recent studies link increased ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels to alteration of plant performance and plant-herbivore interactions, but their interactive effects on plant-pollinator interactions are little understood. Extra floral nectaries ( ... ...

    Abstract Recent studies link increased ozone (O3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) levels to alteration of plant performance and plant-herbivore interactions, but their interactive effects on plant-pollinator interactions are little understood. Extra floral nectaries (EFNs) are essential organs used by some plants for stimulating defense against herbivory and for the attraction of insect pollinators, e.g., bees. The factors driving the interactions between bees and plants regarding the visitation of bees to EFNs are poorly understood, especially in the face of global change driven by greenhouse gases. Here, we experimentally tested whether elevated levels of O3 and CO2 individually and interactively alter the emission of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) profiles in the field bean plant (Vicia faba, L., Fabaceae), EFN nectar production and EFN visitation by the European orchard bee (Osmia cornuta, Latreille, Megachilidae). Our results showed that O3 alone had significant negative effects on the blends of VOCs emitted while the treatment with elevated CO2 alone did not differ from the control. Furthermore, as with O3 alone, the mixture of O3 and CO2 also had a significant difference in the VOCs' profile. O3 exposure was also linked to reduced nectar volume and had a negative impact on EFN visitation by bees. Increased CO2 level, on the other hand, had a positive impact on bee visits. Our results add to the knowledge of the interactive effects of O3 and CO2 on plant volatiles emitted by Vicia faba and bee responses. As greenhouse gas levels continue to rise globally, it is important to take these findings into consideration to better prepare for changes in plant-insect interactions.
    MeSH term(s) Bees ; Animals ; Plant Nectar ; Ozone/pharmacology ; Volatile Organic Compounds/pharmacology ; Carbon Dioxide/pharmacology ; Vicia faba ; Plants
    Chemical Substances Plant Nectar ; Ozone (66H7ZZK23N) ; Volatile Organic Compounds ; Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0283480
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: Interactive effects of ozone and carbon dioxide on plant-pollinator interactions and yields in a legume crop

    Otieno, Mark / Peters, Marcell K. / Duque, Laura / Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf

    Environmental advances. 2022 Oct., v. 9

    2022  

    Abstract: Recent studies link increased levels of ozone and carbon dioxide to plant performance and plant-herbivore interactions, but the interactive effects on plant-pollinator interactions and ecosystem services have rarely been studied. Here we experimentally ... ...

    Abstract Recent studies link increased levels of ozone and carbon dioxide to plant performance and plant-herbivore interactions, but the interactive effects on plant-pollinator interactions and ecosystem services have rarely been studied. Here we experimentally tested whether elevated levels of these two gases alter plant growth, flower visitation, and yield in field bean crop (Vicia faba: Fabaceae or Leguminosae) using a full-factorial experimental set-up. Plants were exposed to (i) clean air (control), (ii) carbon dioxide-enriched (900 ppm), (iii) ozone-enriched (120 ppb) or (iv) carbon dioxide (900 ppm) + ozone (120 ppb) - enriched treatments. We examined how flower visitation by two widespread bee pollinators, Bombus terrestris and Osmia cornuta, and consequent yields responded to the treatments. Increased carbon dioxide levels enhanced flower visitation by B. terrestris and O. cornuta, while an increase in ozone led to a decline in visitation rates. The seed set of field beans generally increased with flower visitation rates of pollinators, revealing a pollination-mediated effect of the increased greenhouse gas concentrations on plant reproduction. In addition to the pollinator-mediated effect, we found an interactive effect of ozone and carbon dioxide on the seeds set in plants visited by B. terrestris: while increases in carbon dioxide enhanced seed set, increases in ozone generally decreased seed set - overruling the effect of increased carbon dioxide. Our results suggest that negative impacts of high ozone levels on flower visitation and fruit set counteract potential increases of legume crop yields with enhanced carbon dioxide concentrations under future climates.
    Keywords Bombus terrestris ; Osmia cornuta ; Vicia faba ; air ; beans ; bees ; carbon ; carbon dioxide ; ecosystems ; flowers ; fruit set ; greenhouse gases ; ozone ; plant growth ; plant reproduction ; seed set
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-10
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ISSN 2666-7657
    DOI 10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100285
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Combining Host Plant Resistance, Selective Insecticides, and Biological Control Agents for Integrated Management of Tuta absoluta

    Wangari Nderitu, Peris / Jonsson, Mattias / Arunga, Esther / Otieno, Mark / Jamleck Muturi, John / Wafula, Geoffrey O.

    Advances in agriculture. 2020 Aug. 7, v. 2020

    2020  

    Abstract: Combination of pest management strategies that minimize pesticide use and conserve natural enemies is important for a sustainable environment. Overreliance on synthetic insecticides in the management of Tuta absoluta has led to pesticide resistance ... ...

    Abstract Combination of pest management strategies that minimize pesticide use and conserve natural enemies is important for a sustainable environment. Overreliance on synthetic insecticides in the management of Tuta absoluta has led to pesticide resistance leading to difficulties in managing the pest. In this regard, alternative measures need to be put in place to reduce the effects of this pest. The objective of this study was, therefore, to assess the effectiveness of host plant resistance, biological control, and selective insecticides when used in combination, in the management of T. absoluta in tomato production. The study was set up in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design involving two tomato varieties, an insecticide (chlorantraniliprole), and a biological control agent(Macrolophus pygmaeus), applied singly or in combination. Data were collected on T. absoluta damage from the lower, intermediate, and upper leaves. The results from this study show that a combination of insecticide with a moderately resistant variety had a significantly lower T. absoluta damage as compared with a susceptible variety combined with an insecticide. However, the moderately resistant variety when combined with insecticide showed no effect when the biological control agent was added. The susceptible variety significantly reduced T. absoluta damage when combined with the biological control agent. These results indicate that treatment combinations in insect pest management can be utilized. The present study results indicate that using a moderately resistant variety (Riogrande VF) in combination with the insecticide chlorantraniliprole (Coragen®) and a susceptible variety (Pesa F1) in combination with the biological control agent (M. pygmaeus) can improve T. absoluta management. Under good habitat management, the susceptible variety will perform equally as the moderately resistant variety due to suppression of the T. absoluta populations by natural enemies. These findings show the importance of environmental conservation both by enhancing natural enemy abundance and use of selective insecticide in the management of T. absoluta in tomato production. Combinations in this present study are likely to reduce insecticide doses, thereby reducing the cost of production and enhancing environmental compatibility with natural enemies.
    Keywords Macrolophus pygmaeus ; Tuta absoluta ; agriculture ; biological control ; biological control agents ; environmental sustainability ; greenhouses ; habitat conservation ; host plants ; insect control ; insecticides ; natural enemies ; pesticide resistance ; pests ; production costs ; tomatoes
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0807
    Publishing place Hindawi
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2778144-6
    ISSN 2356-654X ; 2314-7539
    ISSN 2356-654X ; 2314-7539
    DOI 10.1155/2020/6239491
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Enhancing legume crop pollination and natural pest regulation for improved food security in changing African landscapes

    Otieno, Mark / Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf / Potts, Simon G / Kinuthia, Wanja / Kasina, Muo John / Garratt, Michael P.D

    Global food security. 2020 Sept., v. 26

    2020  

    Abstract: Legumes are important crops for food security, consumed by millions of people especially in Africa where they are an essential protein source and provide key vitamins and minerals. Most legumes depend on insect pollination and natural pest regulation for ...

    Abstract Legumes are important crops for food security, consumed by millions of people especially in Africa where they are an essential protein source and provide key vitamins and minerals. Most legumes depend on insect pollination and natural pest regulation for sufficient yields, however, there is emerging evidence that yield gaps caused by lack of pollination and/or pest pressure may be common. Here we review the literature reporting on pollinators and natural enemies contributing to legume crop yields, and the impact of land-use change on the services provided by these beneficial organisms. We identify strategies for enhancing the benefits of pollination and natural pest control in legumes and propose policy and practice interventions for better utilization of pollinators and natural enemies in legume cropping systems in Africa.
    Keywords food security ; insect pollination ; issues and policy ; land use change ; legumes ; pest control ; pests ; protein sources ; Africa
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-09
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 2682428-0
    ISSN 2211-9124
    ISSN 2211-9124
    DOI 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100394
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Colony Size, Rather Than Geographic Origin of Stocks, Predicts Overwintering Success in Honey Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the Northeastern United States.

    Döke, Mehmet Ali / McGrady, Carley M / Otieno, Mark / Grozinger, Christina M / Frazier, Maryann

    Journal of economic entomology

    2018  Volume 112, Issue 2, Page(s) 525–533

    Abstract: Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are key pollinators of agricultural crops. However, approximately 30% of managed colonies die each winter in the United States. There has been great interest in breeding for 'locally adapted stocks' which survive winter ... ...

    Abstract Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are key pollinators of agricultural crops. However, approximately 30% of managed colonies die each winter in the United States. There has been great interest in breeding for 'locally adapted stocks' which survive winter conditions in a particular region. Here, we evaluate the impact of geographic origin of stock on colony weight, population size, and overwintering survival. Comparing four different U.S. honey bee stocks (two bred in southern and two bred in northern regions) under standard beekeeping practices in three different apiary locations in central Pennsylvania, we examined possible adaptation of these stocks to temperate conditions. We confirmed the genotypic difference among the stocks from different geographic origins via microsatellite analysis. We found that stock or region of origin was not correlated with weight, population size, or overwintering success. However, overwintering success was influenced by the weight and population size the colonies reached prior to winter where higher colony weight is a strong predictor of overwintering survival. Although the number of locations used in this study was limited, the difference in average colony sizes from different locations may be attributable to the abundance and diversity of floral resources near the honey bee colonies. Our results suggest that 1) honey bees may use similar strategies to cope with environmental conditions in both southern and northern regions, 2) colonies must reach a population size threshold to survive adverse conditions (an example of the Allee effect), and 3) landscape nutrition is a key component to colony survival.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Beekeeping ; Bees ; Hymenoptera ; New England ; Pennsylvania ; Seasons
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3031-4
    ISSN 1938-291X ; 0022-0493
    ISSN (online) 1938-291X
    ISSN 0022-0493
    DOI 10.1093/jee/toy377
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Making more effective use of human behavioural science in conservation interventions

    Balmford, Andrew / Bradbury, Richard B. / Bauer, Jan M. / Broad, Steven / Burgess, Gayle / Burgman, Mark / Byerly, Hilary / Clayton, Susan / Espelosin, Dulce / Ferraro, Paul J. / Fisher, Brendan / Garnett, Emma E. / Jones, Julia P.G. / Marteau, Theresa M. / Otieno, Mark / Polasky, Stephen / Ricketts, Taylor H. / Sandbrook, Chris / Sullivan-Wiley, Kira /
    Trevelyan, Rosie / van der Linden, Sander / Veríssimo, Diogo / Nielsen, Kristian Steensen

    Biological conservation. 2021 Sept., v. 261

    2021  

    Abstract: Conservation is predominantly an exercise in trying to change human behaviour – whether that of consumers whose choices drive unsustainable resource use, of land managers clearing natural habitats, or of policymakers failing to deliver on environmental ... ...

    Abstract Conservation is predominantly an exercise in trying to change human behaviour – whether that of consumers whose choices drive unsustainable resource use, of land managers clearing natural habitats, or of policymakers failing to deliver on environmental commitments. Yet conservation research and practice have made only limited use of recent advances in behavioural science, including more novel behaviour change interventions. Instead conservationists mostly still rely on traditional behaviour change interventions – education, regulation and material incentivisation – largely without applying recent insights from behavioural science about how to improve such approaches. This paper explores how behavioural science could be more widely and powerfully applied in biodiversity conservation. We consider the diverse cast of actors involved in conservation problems and the resulting breadth of behaviour change that conservationists might want to achieve. Drawing on health research, we present a catalogue of types of interventions for changing behaviour, considering both novel, standalone interventions and the enhancement of more traditional conservation interventions. We outline a framework for setting priorities among interventions based on their likely impact, using ideas developed for climate change mitigation. We caution that, despite its promise, behavioural science is not a silver bullet for conservation. The effects of interventions aimed at changing behaviour can be modest, temporary, and context-dependent in ways that are as-yet poorly understood. We therefore close with a call for interventions to be tested and the findings widely disseminated to enable researchers and practitioners to build a much-needed evidence base on the effectiveness and limitations of these tools.
    Keywords behavior change ; biodiversity conservation ; climate change ; education ; human behavior ; humans
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-09
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0006-3207
    DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109256
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Biodiversity conservation as a promising frontier for behavioural science.

    Nielsen, Kristian Steensen / Marteau, Theresa M / Bauer, Jan M / Bradbury, Richard B / Broad, Steven / Burgess, Gayle / Burgman, Mark / Byerly, Hilary / Clayton, Susan / Espelosin, Dulce / Ferraro, Paul J / Fisher, Brendan / Garnett, Emma E / Jones, Julia P G / Otieno, Mark / Polasky, Stephen / Ricketts, Taylor H / Trevelyan, Rosie / van der Linden, Sander /
    Veríssimo, Diogo / Balmford, Andrew

    Nature human behaviour

    2021  Volume 5, Issue 5, Page(s) 550–556

    Abstract: Human activities are degrading ecosystems worldwide, posing existential threats for biodiversity and humankind. Slowing and reversing this degradation will require profound and widespread changes to human behaviour. Behavioural scientists are therefore ... ...

    Abstract Human activities are degrading ecosystems worldwide, posing existential threats for biodiversity and humankind. Slowing and reversing this degradation will require profound and widespread changes to human behaviour. Behavioural scientists are therefore well placed to contribute intellectual leadership in this area. This Perspective aims to stimulate a marked increase in the amount and breadth of behavioural research addressing this challenge. First, we describe the importance of the biodiversity crisis for human and non-human prosperity and the central role of human behaviour in reversing this decline. Next, we discuss key gaps in our understanding of how to achieve behaviour change for biodiversity conservation and suggest how to identify key behaviour changes and actors capable of improving biodiversity outcomes. Finally, we outline the core components for building a robust evidence base and suggest priority research questions for behavioural scientists to explore in opening a new frontier of behavioural science for the benefit of nature and human wellbeing.
    MeSH term(s) Behavioral Research ; Behavioral Sciences ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Ecosystem ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ISSN 2397-3374
    ISSN (online) 2397-3374
    DOI 10.1038/s41562-021-01109-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Local management and landscape drivers of pollination and biological control services in a Kenyan agro-ecosystem

    Otieno, Mark / Woodcock, Ben A / Wilby, Andrew / Vogiatzakis, Ioannis N / Mauchline, Alice L / Gikungu, Mary W / Potts, Simon G

    Biological conservation. 2011 Oct., v. 144, no. 10

    2011  

    Abstract: Arthropods that have a direct impact on crop production (i.e. pests, natural enemies and pollinators) can be influenced by both local farm management and the context within which the fields occur in the wider landscape. However, the contributions and ... ...

    Abstract Arthropods that have a direct impact on crop production (i.e. pests, natural enemies and pollinators) can be influenced by both local farm management and the context within which the fields occur in the wider landscape. However, the contributions and spatial scales at which these drivers operate and interact are not fully understood, particularly in the developing world. The impact of both local management and landscape context on insect pollinators and natural enemy communities and on their capacity to deliver related ecosystem services to an economically important tropical crop, pigeonpea was investigated. The study was conducted in nine paired farms across a gradient of increasing distance to semi-native vegetation in Kibwezi, Kenya. Results show that proximity of fields to semi-native habitats negatively affected pollinator and chewing insect abundance. Within fields, pesticide use was a key negative predictor of pollinator, pest and foliar active predator abundance. On the contrary, fertilizer application significantly enhanced pollinator and both chewing and sucking insect pest abundance. At a 1km spatial scale of fields, there were significant negative effects of the number of semi-native habitat patches within fields dominated by mass flowering pigeonpea on pollinators abundance. For service provision, a significant decline in fruit set when insects were excluded from flowers was recorded. This study reveals the interconnections of pollinators, predators and pests with pigeonpea crop. For sustainable yields and to conserve high densities of both pollinators and predators of pests within pigeonpea landscapes, it is crucial to target the adoption of less disruptive farm management practices such as reducing pesticide and fertilizer inputs.
    Keywords agroecosystems ; biological control ; crop production ; ecosystem services ; farm management ; farming systems ; farms ; fertilizer application ; fertilizers ; flowers ; fruit set ; habitats ; insect pests ; landscape management ; landscapes ; mastication ; natural enemies ; pesticides ; pigeon peas ; pollinating insects ; pollination ; predators ; tropical and subtropical crops ; vegetation ; Kenya
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2011-10
    Size p. 2424-2431.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0006-3207
    DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2011.06.013
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Book ; Article ; Online: Pollination supply models from a local to global scale

    Giménez-García, Angel / Allen-Perkins, Alfonso / Bartomeus, Ignasi / Balbi, Stefano / Knapp, Jessica L. / Hevia, Violeta / Woodcock / Ben Alex / Smagghe, Guy / Miñarro, Marcos / Eeraerts, Maxime / Colville, Jonathan F. / Hipólito, Juliana / Cavigliasso, Pablo / Nat, Volkmar / Jha, Shalene / Freitas, Breno M. / Horgan, Finbarr G. / Artz, Derek R.C. /
    Sidhu, Sheena / Otieno, Mark / Boreux, Virginie / Biddinger, David J. / Klein, Alexandra-Maria / Joshi, Neelendra K. / Stewart, Rebecca I.A. / Albrecht, Matthias / Nicholson, Charlie C. / O’Reilly, Alison D. / Crowder, David William / Burns, Katherine L.W. / Nabaes Jodar, Diego Nicolás / Garibaldi, Lucas Alejandro / Sutter, Louis / Dupont, Yoko L. / Dalsgaard, Bo / da Encarnação Coutinho, Jeferson Gabriel / Lázaro, Amparo / Andersson, Georg K.S. / Raine, Nigel E. / Krishnan, Smitha / Dainese, Matteo / van der Wer, Wopke / Smith, Henrik G. / Magrach, Ainhoa

    Web Ecology

    2023  

    Abstract: Ecological intensification has been embraced with great interest by the academic sector but is still rarely taken up by farmers because monitoring the state of different ecological functions is not straightforward. Modelling tools can represent a more ... ...

    Abstract Ecological intensification has been embraced with great interest by the academic sector but is still rarely taken up by farmers because monitoring the state of different ecological functions is not straightforward. Modelling tools can represent a more accessible alternative of measuring ecological functions, which could help promote their use amongst farmers and other decision-makers. In the case of crop pollination, modelling has traditionally followed either a mechanistic or a data-driven approach. Mechanistic models simulate the habitat preferences and foraging behaviour of pollinators, while data-driven models associate georeferenced variables with real observations. Here, we test these two approaches to predict pollination supply and validate these predictions using data from a newly released global dataset on pollinator visitation rates to different crops. We use one of the most extensively used models for the mechanistic approach, while for the data-driven approach, we select from among a comprehensive set of state-of-the-art machine-learning models. Moreover, we explore a mixed approach, where data-derived inputs, rather than expert assessment, inform the mechanistic model. We find that, at a global scale, machine-learning models work best, offering a rank correlation coefficient between predictions and observations of pollinator visitation rates of 0.56. In turn, the mechanistic model works moderately well at a global scale for wild bees other than bumblebees. Biomes characterized by temperate or Mediterranean forests show a better agreement between mechanistic model predictions and observations, probably due to more comprehensive ecological knowledge and therefore better parameterization of input variables for these biomes. This study highlights the challenges of transferring input variables across multiple biomes, as expected given the different composition of species in different biomes. Our results provide clear guidance on which pollination supply models perform best at different spatial scales – ...
    Keywords foods-food ; pollination ; modelling ; pollinators ; pollination supply models ; ecological intensification ; global ; machine learning
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-20T11:38:58Z
    Publisher Copernicus Publications
    Publishing country fr
    Document type Book ; Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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