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  1. Article: Quantification and prediction of water uptake by soot deposited on ventilation filters during fire events

    Lintis, Laura / Ouf, François-Xavier / Parent, Philippe / Ferry, Daniel / Laffon, Carine / Vallières, Cécile

    Journal of hazardous materials. 2021 Feb. 05, v. 403

    2021  

    Abstract: Soot samples from different fuels were produced in small and pilot combustion test benches at various O₂ concentrations, and were then characterized in terms of primary particle diameter, specific surface area and oxygen content/speciation. Water ... ...

    Abstract Soot samples from different fuels were produced in small and pilot combustion test benches at various O₂ concentrations, and were then characterized in terms of primary particle diameter, specific surface area and oxygen content/speciation. Water sorption measurements were then carried out for soot compacted into pellet form and in powder form, using both a gravimetric microbalance and a manometric analyser. Water adsorption isotherms are all found to be Type V, and reveal the central role of the specific surface area and the oxygen content of soot. A single parametrization of the second Dubinin-Serpinsky model gives a proper fit for all isotherms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide physico-chemical parameters and water sorption results for fire soot. This enables a better description of the soot cake formed on filters during a fire, in particular in industrial confined facilities as simulated in this study. Humidity can be then explicitly considered in the same way as other parameters influencing the aeraulic resistance of soot cakes. These results can be used to improve predictions of the consequences of fires on the containment of toxic materials within industrial facilities.
    Keywords adsorption ; combustion ; humidity ; models ; oxygen ; particle size ; prediction ; soot ; surface area ; toxicity ; water uptake
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2021-0205
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean
    ZDB-ID 1491302-1
    ISSN 1873-3336 ; 0304-3894
    ISSN (online) 1873-3336
    ISSN 0304-3894
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123916
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Quantification and prediction of water uptake by soot deposited on ventilation filters during fire events.

    Lintis, Laura / Ouf, François-Xavier / Parent, Philippe / Ferry, Daniel / Laffon, Carine / Vallières, Cécile

    Journal of hazardous materials

    2020  Volume 403, Page(s) 123916

    Abstract: Soot samples from different fuels were produced in small and pilot combustion test benches at various ... ...

    Abstract Soot samples from different fuels were produced in small and pilot combustion test benches at various O
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-13
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1491302-1
    ISSN 1873-3336 ; 0304-3894
    ISSN (online) 1873-3336
    ISSN 0304-3894
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123916
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Quantification and prediction of water uptake by soot deposited on ventilation filters during fire events

    Lintis, Laura / Ouf, François-Xavier / Parent, Philippe / Ferry, Daniel / Laffon, Carine / Vallières, Cécile

    J Hazard Mater

    Abstract: Soot samples from different fuels were produced in small and pilot combustion test benches at various O2 concentrations, and were then characterized in terms of primary particle diameter, specific surface area and oxygen content/speciation. Water ... ...

    Abstract Soot samples from different fuels were produced in small and pilot combustion test benches at various O2 concentrations, and were then characterized in terms of primary particle diameter, specific surface area and oxygen content/speciation. Water sorption measurements were then carried out for soot compacted into pellet form and in powder form, using both a gravimetric microbalance and a manometric analyser. Water adsorption isotherms are all found to be Type V, and reveal the central role of the specific surface area and the oxygen content of soot. A single parametrization of the second Dubinin-Serpinsky model gives a proper fit for all isotherms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide physico-chemical parameters and water sorption results for fire soot. This enables a better description of the soot cake formed on filters during a fire, in particular in industrial confined facilities as simulated in this study. Humidity can be then explicitly considered in the same way as other parameters influencing the aeraulic resistance of soot cakes. These results can be used to improve predictions of the consequences of fires on the containment of toxic materials within industrial facilities.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher Elsevier; PMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123916
    Database COVID19

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  4. Article ; Online: Ultrafine Particles Issued from Gasoline-Fuels and Biofuel Surrogates Combustion: A Comparative Study of the Physicochemical and

    Juárez-Facio, Ana Teresa / Rogez-Florent, Tiphaine / Méausoone, Clémence / Castilla, Clément / Mignot, Mélanie / Devouge-Boyer, Christine / Lavanant, Hélène / Afonso, Carlos / Morin, Christophe / Merlet-Machour, Nadine / Chevalier, Laurence / Ouf, François-Xavier / Corbière, Cécile / Yon, Jérôme / Vaugeois, Jean-Marie / Monteil, Christelle

    Toxics

    2022  Volume 11, Issue 1

    Abstract: Gasoline emissions contain high levels of pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), which are associated with several health outcomes. Moreover, due to the depletion of fossil fuels, biofuels represent an attractive alternative, particularly second- ... ...

    Abstract Gasoline emissions contain high levels of pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), which are associated with several health outcomes. Moreover, due to the depletion of fossil fuels, biofuels represent an attractive alternative, particularly second-generation biofuels (B2G) derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Unfortunately, compared to the abundant literature on diesel and gasoline emissions, relatively few studies are devoted to alternative fuels and their health effects. This study aimed to compare the adverse effects of gasoline and B2G emissions on human bronchial epithelial cells. We characterized the emissions generated by propane combustion (CAST1), gasoline Surrogate, and B2G consisting of Surrogate blended with anisole (10%) (S+10A) or ethanol (10%) (S+10E). To study the cellular effects, BEAS-2B cells were cultured at air-liquid interface for seven days and exposed to different emissions. Cell viability, oxidative stress, inflammation, and xenobiotic metabolism were measured. mRNA expression analysis was significantly modified by the Surrogate S+10A and S+10E emissions, especially
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2733883-6
    ISSN 2305-6304 ; 2305-6304
    ISSN (online) 2305-6304
    ISSN 2305-6304
    DOI 10.3390/toxics11010021
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Ice Nucleation Activities of Carbon-Bearing Materials in Deposition Mode: From Graphite to Airplane Soot Surrogates

    Ikhenazene, Raouf / Carpentier, Yvain / Chazallon, Bertrand / Focsa, Cristian / Irimiea, Cornelia / Noble, Jennifer A / Ortega, Ismael K / Ouf, François-Xavier / Pirim, Claire

    Journal of physical chemistry. 2019 Dec. 03, v. 124, no. 1

    2019  

    Abstract: Soot particles emitted by aircraft engines may act as ice nuclei within the atmosphere, subsequently triggering the formation of condensation trails. Such contrails might further evolve as cirrus clouds and thus greatly influence the Earth’s radiative ... ...

    Abstract Soot particles emitted by aircraft engines may act as ice nuclei within the atmosphere, subsequently triggering the formation of condensation trails. Such contrails might further evolve as cirrus clouds and thus greatly influence the Earth’s radiative budget and impact the amount of precipitation. In order to monitor in situ deliquescence, efflorescence, and nucleation processes followed by ice growth in the laboratory, we developed the ice and droplet nucleation experimental setup, which combines optical imaging and micro-Raman measurements to follow nucleation events in a pressure-, temperature-, and humidity-controlled optical chamber. We first compare against the literature data and later confirm the deliquescence relative humidities of micrometer-sized sodium chloride salt crystals in the −5 to −35 °C temperature range. Then, we investigate the ice nucleation activity of graphite and aircraft soot analogues, in the −15 to −45 °C temperature range, when exposed to humid nitrogen (N2/H2O gas flow). Soot samples exhibiting various surface chemistries, morphologies, and sizes are thoroughly examined via mass spectrometry and spectroscopic and optical techniques. All carbon-bearing samples are found to be active at nucleating ice at low ice saturation ratios (Sice determined when the first crystal is detected). When normalizing Sice to the total surface area of a sample, one can derive the ice-active surface site density (ns). This parameter provides a means to compare the ice nucleating behavior of various particle types with distinct surface areas. As all samples studied in our work feature large surface areas, we provide ice nucleation data (Sice and ns) for a range of surface areas that remained largely unexplored to date. We find that the interplay between surface composition and morphology (micro, meso, and macro pores, surface roughness) influences the ice onset relative humidity.
    Keywords aircraft ; crystals ; droplets ; graphene ; ice ; ice nucleation ; image analysis ; mass spectrometry ; nitrogen ; relative humidity ; sodium chloride ; soot ; surface area ; surface roughness ; temperature
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-1203
    Size p. 489-503.
    Publishing place American Chemical Society
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1932-7455
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b08715
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Influence of Light and Temperature on the Extractability of Cerium(IV) as a Surrogate of Plutonium(IV) and its Effect on the Simulation of an Accidental Fire in the PUREX Process.

    Feuchter, Hervé / Duval, Sylvain / Volkringer, Christophe / Ouf, François-Xavier / Rigollet, Laurence / Cantrel, Laurent / De Mendonca Andrade, Matheus / Salm, François / Lavalette, Claire / Loiseau, Thierry

    ACS omega

    2019  Volume 4, Issue 7, Page(s) 12896–12904

    Abstract: Modeling of plutonium(IV) behavior during an accidental fire in a reprocessing plant was considered using various non-radioactive metallic surrogates. Among those elements, cerium(IV) was supposed to be a suitable candidate due to possible formation of a ...

    Abstract Modeling of plutonium(IV) behavior during an accidental fire in a reprocessing plant was considered using various non-radioactive metallic surrogates. Among those elements, cerium(IV) was supposed to be a suitable candidate due to possible formation of a complex with TPB, but its extractability and stability have not been studied previously under representative plutonium uranium reduction extraction (PUREX) conditions. In this work, we investigated the chemical analogy between cerium(IV) and plutonium(IV) in this extractive process and combustion thereof. Distribution ratios are reported for acidities of 1-4 mol L
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-07-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2470-1343
    ISSN (online) 2470-1343
    DOI 10.1021/acsomega.9b00746
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  7. Article ; Online: Water adsorption on TiO2 surfaces probed by soft X-ray spectroscopies: bulk materials vs. isolated nanoparticles.

    Benkoula, Safia / Sublemontier, Olivier / Patanen, Minna / Nicolas, Christophe / Sirotti, Fausto / Naitabdi, Ahmed / Gaie-Levrel, François / Antonsson, Egill / Aureau, Damien / Ouf, François-Xavier / Wada, Shin-ichi / Etcheberry, Arnaud / Ueda, Kiyoshi / Miron, Catalin

    Scientific reports

    2015  Volume 5, Page(s) 15088

    Abstract: We describe an experimental method to probe the adsorption of water at the surface of isolated, substrate-free TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) based on soft X-ray spectroscopy in the gas phase using synchrotron radiation. To understand the interfacial ... ...

    Abstract We describe an experimental method to probe the adsorption of water at the surface of isolated, substrate-free TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) based on soft X-ray spectroscopy in the gas phase using synchrotron radiation. To understand the interfacial properties between water and TiO2 surface, a water shell was adsorbed at the surface of TiO2 NPs. We used two different ways to control the hydration level of the NPs: in the first scheme, initially solvated NPs were dried and in the second one, dry NPs generated thanks to a commercial aerosol generator were exposed to water vapor. XPS was used to identify the signature of the water layer shell on the surface of the free TiO2 NPs and made it possible to follow the evolution of their hydration state. The results obtained allow the establishment of a qualitative determination of isolated NPs' surface states, as well as to unravel water adsorption mechanisms. This method appears to be a unique approach to investigate the interface between an isolated nano-object and a solvent over-layer, paving the way towards new investigation methods in heterogeneous catalysis on nanomaterials.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-10-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/srep15088
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  8. Article ; Online: Oxidation-Induced Surface Roughening of Aluminum Nanoparticles Formed in an Ablation Plume.

    Förster, Georg Daniel / Girault, Marie / Menneveux, Jérôme / Lavisse, Luc / Jouvard, Jean-Marie / Marco de Lucas, Maria Del Carmen / Potin, Valérie / Ouf, François-Xavier / Kerkar, Moussa / Le Garrec, Jean-Luc / Carvou, Erwann / Carles, Sophie / Rabilloud, Franck / Calvo, Florent / Yu, Jin / Mitchell, James Brian

    Physical review letters

    2015  Volume 115, Issue 24, Page(s) 246101

    Abstract: Nanoparticles formed within an ablation plume produced by the impact of a nanosecond laser pulse on the surface of an aluminum target have been directly measured using small-angle x-ray scattering. The target was immersed in an oxygen-nitrogen gas ... ...

    Abstract Nanoparticles formed within an ablation plume produced by the impact of a nanosecond laser pulse on the surface of an aluminum target have been directly measured using small-angle x-ray scattering. The target was immersed in an oxygen-nitrogen gas mixture at atmospheric pressure with the O_{2}/N_{2} ratio being precisely controlled. The results for an increasing oxygen content reveal remarkable effects on the morphology of the generated particles, which include a decrease in the particle volume but a marked increase in its surface ruggedness. Molecular dynamics simulations using a reactive potential and performed under similar conditions as the experiment reproduce the experimental trends and show in detail how the shape and surface structure of the nanoparticles evolve with increasing oxygen content. This good agreement between in situ observations in the plume and atomistic simulations emphasizes the key role of chemical reactivity together with thermodynamic conditions on the morphology of the particles thus produced.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-12-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.246101
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