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  1. Article ; Online: Recurrent intracerebral hemorrhages due to central nervous system vasculitis: A neuropsychological case report.

    Resch, Zachary J / Ovsiew, Gabriel P / Soble, Jason R

    The Clinical neuropsychologist

    2020  Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 699–720

    Abstract: Objective: Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare and devastating form of vasculitis that destroys the vessels of the brain and spinal cord, resulting in progressive and debilitating neurologic symptoms. The objective of the ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is a rare and devastating form of vasculitis that destroys the vessels of the brain and spinal cord, resulting in progressive and debilitating neurologic symptoms. The objective of the present study was to detail the diagnostic process of a case of a patient with PACNS who suffered from six intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs).
    Method: The patient was an African American woman with a history of recurrent ICHs of unclear etiology who received serial neuropsychological evaluations over the course of a 5-year period. Two comprehensive neuropsychological evaluations are included, as well as an overview of her clinical course, including differential diagnostic considerations and treatment planning.
    Results: Neuropsychological assessment revealed marked deficits in visuospatial abilities and processing speed associated with her underlying neuropathology. Integrated review of her medical records indicated a probable diagnosis of PACNS as the likely etiology of her recurrent ICHs.
    Conclusions: This study demonstrates the importance of differential diagnosis of low base-rate conditions, functional neuroanatomy and neurobehavioral phenomenology, serial assessment, and cognitive reserve in clinical neuropsychological practice.
    MeSH term(s) Brain/pathology ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/complications ; Cerebral Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Vasculitis, Central Nervous System/complications ; Vasculitis, Central Nervous System/diagnosis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639080-8
    ISSN 1744-4144 ; 0920-1637 ; 1385-4046
    ISSN (online) 1744-4144
    ISSN 0920-1637 ; 1385-4046
    DOI 10.1080/13854046.2020.1794044
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Diagnostic Accuracy of the Advanced Clinical Solutions Word Choice Test as a Performance Validity Test.

    Bernstein, Matthew T / Resch, Zachary J / Ovsiew, Gabriel P / Soble, Jason R

    Neuropsychology review

    2021  Volume 31, Issue 2, Page(s) 349–359

    Abstract: Thorough assessment of performance validity has become an established standard of practice in neuropsychological assessment. While there has been a large focus on the development and cross-validation of embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) in ... ...

    Abstract Thorough assessment of performance validity has become an established standard of practice in neuropsychological assessment. While there has been a large focus on the development and cross-validation of embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) in recent years, new freestanding PVTs have also been developed, including the Word Choice Test (WCT) as part of the Advanced Clinical Solutions Effort System. And, while the WCT's general utility for identifying invalid performance has been demonstrated in the ensuing decade since its initial publication, optimal cut-scores and associated psychometric properties have varied widely across studies. This study sought to synthesize the existing diagnostic accuracy literature regarding the WCT via a systematic review and to conduct a meta-analysis to determine the performance validity cut-score that best maximizes sensitivity while maintaining acceptable specificity. A systematic search of the literature resulted in 14 studies for synthesis, with eight of those available for meta-analysis. Meta-analytic results revealed an optimal cut-score of ≤ 42 with 54% sensitivity and 93% specificity for identifying invalid neuropsychological test performance. Collectively, the WCT demonstrated adequate diagnostic accuracy as a PVT across a variety of populations. Recommendations for future studies are also provided.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Design
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review ; Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 1062572-0
    ISSN 1573-6660 ; 1040-7308
    ISSN (online) 1573-6660
    ISSN 1040-7308
    DOI 10.1007/s11065-020-09468-y
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  3. Article ; Online: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form Profiles Among Adults With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Examining the Effect of Comorbid Psychopathology and ADHD Presentation.

    Keezer, Richard D / Kamm, Janina M / Cerny, Brian M / Ovsiew, Gabriel P / Resch, Zachary J / Jennette, Kyle J / Soble, Jason R

    Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists

    2023  Volume 38, Issue 8, Page(s) 1671–1682

    Abstract: Objective: Despite widespread use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), it is surprisingly understudied among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This is significant as ADHD is a ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Despite widespread use of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), it is surprisingly understudied among adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This is significant as ADHD is a frequent referral for neuropsychological evaluation; however, the core symptom of attention difficulty is a nonspecific sequela of many psychological disorders. This study aimed to characterize MMPI-2-RF profiles among adults with ADHD and examine the effect of comorbid psychopathology.
    Method: A large, demographically diverse sample of 413 consecutive adults referred for neuropsychological evaluation to assist with differential diagnosis of ADHD who completed the MMPI-2-RF was examined. Profiles of the 145 patients diagnosed with ADHD-only were compared to 192 with ADHD and a comorbid psychological disorder and a 55-patient non-ADHD psychiatric comparison group. Among the ADHD-only group, profiles also were compared based on ADHD-presentation type (Predominantly Inattentive vs. Combined presentation).
    Results: The ADHD/psychopathology and psychiatric comparison groups scored higher than the ADHD-only group across nearly all scales with widespread clinical elevations. Conversely, the ADHD-only group displayed an isolated elevation on the Cognitive Complaints scale. Comparison between ADHD presentations revealed several small-moderate significant differences, the largest of which occurred on the Externalizing and Interpersonal scales.
    Conclusions: Adults with ADHD alone, and no other psychopathology have a unique MMPI-2-RF profile characterized by isolated elevation on the Cognitive Complaints scale. These results support use of the MMPI-2-RF in assessment of adults with ADHD as it can help distinguish ADHD alone from ADHD/comorbid psychopathology and identify relevant psychiatric comorbidities that may be contributing to patients' inattention complaints.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adult ; MMPI ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/complications ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Reproducibility of Results ; Comorbidity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632972-x
    ISSN 1873-5843 ; 0887-6177
    ISSN (online) 1873-5843
    ISSN 0887-6177
    DOI 10.1093/arclin/acad043
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  4. Article ; Online: Performance and symptom validity assessment in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Base rates of invalidity, concordance, and relative impact on cognitive performance.

    Ovsiew, Gabriel P / Cerny, Brian M / Boer, Adam B De / Petry, Luke G / Resch, Zachary J / Durkin, Nicole M / Soble, Jason R

    The Clinical neuropsychologist

    2023  Volume 37, Issue 7, Page(s) 1498–1515

    Abstract: Objective: ...

    Abstract Objective:
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis ; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology ; Outpatients ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cognition ; Reproducibility of Results ; Malingering/diagnosis ; Malingering/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639080-8
    ISSN 1744-4144 ; 0920-1637 ; 1385-4046
    ISSN (online) 1744-4144
    ISSN 0920-1637 ; 1385-4046
    DOI 10.1080/13854046.2022.2162440
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Empirically derived symptom profiles in adults with attention-Deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An unsupervised machine learning approach.

    Rodriguez, Violeta J / Finley, John-Christopher A / Liu, Qimin / Alfonso, Demy / Basurto, Karen S / Oh, Alison / Nili, Amanda / Paltell, Katherine C / Hoots, Jennifer K / Ovsiew, Gabriel P / Resch, Zachary J / Ulrich, Devin M / Soble, Jason R

    Applied neuropsychology. Adult

    2024  , Page(s) 1–10

    Abstract: Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with various cognitive, behavioral, and mood symptoms that complicate diagnosis and treatment. The heterogeneity of these symptoms may also vary depending on certain ... ...

    Abstract Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with various cognitive, behavioral, and mood symptoms that complicate diagnosis and treatment. The heterogeneity of these symptoms may also vary depending on certain sociodemographic factors. It is therefore important to establish more homogenous symptom profiles in patients with ADHD and determine their association with the patient's sociodemographic makeup. The current study used unsupervised machine learning to identify symptom profiles across various cognitive, behavioral, and mood symptoms in adults with ADHD. It was then examined whether symptom profiles differed based on relevant sociodemographic factors.
    Methods: Participants were 382 adult outpatients (62% female; 51% non-Hispanic White) referred for neuropsychological evaluation for ADHD.
    Results: Employing Gaussian Mixture Modeling, we identified two distinct symptom profiles in adults with ADHD: "ADHD-Plus Symptom Profile" and "ADHD-Predominate Symptom Profile." These profiles were primarily differentiated by internalizing psychopathology (Cohen's
    Conclusion: The machine learning technique used in this study appears to be an effective way to elucidate symptom profiles emerging from comprehensive ADHD evaluations. These findings further underscore the importance of considering internalizing symptoms and patients' sex when contextualizing adult ADHD diagnosis and treatment.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2673736-X
    ISSN 2327-9109 ; 2327-9095
    ISSN (online) 2327-9109
    ISSN 2327-9095
    DOI 10.1080/23279095.2024.2343022
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Comparing embedded performance validity indicators within the WAIS-IV Letter-Number sequencing subtest to Reliable Digit Span among adults referred for evaluation of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

    Finley, John-Christopher A / Rodriguez, Violeta J / Cerny, Brian M / Chang, Fini / Brooks, Julia M / Ovsiew, Gabriel P / Ulrich, Devin M / Resch, Zachary J / Soble, Jason R

    The Clinical neuropsychologist

    2024  , Page(s) 1–20

    Abstract: Objectives: ...

    Abstract Objectives:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639080-8
    ISSN 1744-4144 ; 0920-1637 ; 1385-4046
    ISSN (online) 1744-4144
    ISSN 0920-1637 ; 1385-4046
    DOI 10.1080/13854046.2024.2315738
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  7. Article ; Online: A Known-Groups Validation of the Medical Symptom Validity Test and Analysis of the Genuine Memory Impairment Profile.

    Resch, Zachary J / Rhoads, Tasha / Ovsiew, Gabriel P / Soble, Jason R

    Assessment

    2020  Volume 29, Issue 3, Page(s) 455–466

    Abstract: This study cross-validated the Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT) in a mixed neuropsychiatric sample and examined its accuracy for identifying invalid neuropsychological performance using a known-groups design. Cross-sectional data from 129 clinical ... ...

    Abstract This study cross-validated the Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT) in a mixed neuropsychiatric sample and examined its accuracy for identifying invalid neuropsychological performance using a known-groups design. Cross-sectional data from 129 clinical patients who completed the MSVT were examined. Validity groups were established using six, independent criterion performance validity tests, which yielded 98 patients in the valid group and 31 in the invalid group. All MSVT subtest scores were significantly lower in the invalid group (η
    MeSH term(s) Activities of Daily Living ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Malingering/diagnosis ; Memory Disorders/diagnosis ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1362144-0
    ISSN 1552-3489 ; 1073-1911
    ISSN (online) 1552-3489
    ISSN 1073-1911
    DOI 10.1177/1073191120983919
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  8. Article ; Online: Feigning or forgetfulness: The effect of memory impairment severity on word choice test performance.

    Neale, Alec C / Ovsiew, Gabriel P / Resch, Zachary J / Soble, Jason R

    The Clinical neuropsychologist

    2020  Volume 36, Issue 3, Page(s) 584–599

    Abstract: Objective: This study cross-validated the word choice test (WCT) in a diverse neuropsychiatric sample and examined the effect of increasing verbal memory impairment severity on WCT performance.: Method: Data from 147 clinically referred patients (113 ...

    Abstract Objective: This study cross-validated the word choice test (WCT) in a diverse neuropsychiatric sample and examined the effect of increasing verbal memory impairment severity on WCT performance.
    Method: Data from 147 clinically referred patients (113 valid/34 invalid) who completed the WCT, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), and four independent criterion PVTs were analyzed. RAVLT memory impairment bands used were: ≥37T (normal memory); 30T-36T (below average scores/mild impairment); and ≤29T (extremely low scores/severe impairment).
    Results: WCT and RAVLT were moderately correlated. The invalid group had significantly worse performance on the WCT and RAVLT. For the overall sample, the WCT yielded an area under the curve (AUC) = .79, with 62% sensitivity/93% specificity at a cut-score of ≤41. When the sample was subdivided by memory impairment severity, the severe impairment group had significantly lower WCT scores than the normal group. Moreover, the WCT retained moderate classification accuracy among the normal memory (AUC = .85) and mild memory impairment (AUC = .76) groups, with sensitivities of 65% and 62% (≥91% specificity) at their respective optimal cut-scores of ≤44 and ≤42. In contrast, the WCT had low classification accuracy among those with severe memory impairment (AUC = .66), with only 15% sensitivity/95% specificity at the optimal cut-score of ≤30.
    Conclusion: The WCT is generally useful for detecting invalid neuropsychological test performance, although, its classification accuracy was diminished among patients with severe memory impairment. Therefore, while the WCT remains a viable option for performance validity assessment, neuropsychologists should carefully consider its use when this level of severe memory impairment is known or suspected.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Memory Disorders/diagnosis ; Memory Disorders/etiology ; Memory and Learning Tests ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Reproducibility of Results ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639080-8
    ISSN 1744-4144 ; 0920-1637 ; 1385-4046
    ISSN (online) 1744-4144
    ISSN 0920-1637 ; 1385-4046
    DOI 10.1080/13854046.2020.1799076
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  9. Article ; Online: Multivariable analysis of the relative utility and additive value of eight embedded performance validity tests for classifying invalid neuropsychological test performance.

    Jennette, Kyle J / Rhoads, Tasha / Resch, Zachary J / Cerny, Brian M / Leib, Sophie I / Sharp, Dillon W / Ovsiew, Gabriel P / Soble, Jason R

    Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology

    2022  Volume 44, Issue 7, Page(s) 451–460

    Abstract: Introduction: This study investigated a combination of eight embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) derived from commonly administered neuropsychological tests to optimize sensitivity/specificity for detecting invalid neuropsychological test ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: This study investigated a combination of eight embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) derived from commonly administered neuropsychological tests to optimize sensitivity/specificity for detecting invalid neuropsychological test performance. The goal of this study was to evaluate what combination of these common embedded PVTs that have the most robust predictive power for detecting invalid neuropsychological test performance in a single diverse clinical sample.
    Method: Eight previously validated memory- and nonmemory-based embedded PVTs were examined among 231 patients undergoing neuropsychological evaluation. Patients were classified into valid/invalid groups based on four independent criterion PVTs. Embedded PVT accuracy was assessed using standard and stepwise multiple logistic regression models.
    Results: Three PVTs, the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised Recognition Discrimination (BVMT-R-RD), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test Forced Choice, and WAIS-IV Digit Span Age Corrected Scaled Score, predicted 45.5% of the variance in validity group membership. BVMT-RD independently accounted for 32% of the variance in prediction of independent, criterion-defined validity group membership.
    Conclusions: This study demonstrated the incremental predictive power of multiple embedded PVTs derived from common neuropsychological measures in detecting invalid test performance and those measures accounting for the greatest portion of the variance. These results provide guidance for evaluating the most fruitful embedded PVTs and proof of concept to better guide selection of embedded validity indices. Further, this offers clinicians an efficient, empirically derived approach to assessing performance validity when time restraints potentially limit the use of freestanding PVTs.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Reproducibility of Results ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Memory and Learning Tests ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Motivation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605982-x
    ISSN 1744-411X ; 0168-8634 ; 1380-3395
    ISSN (online) 1744-411X
    ISSN 0168-8634 ; 1380-3395
    DOI 10.1080/13803395.2022.2128067
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  10. Article ; Online: A Direct Comparison of 10 WAIS-IV Digit Span Embedded Validity Indicators among a Mixed Neuropsychiatric Sample with Varying Degrees of Cognitive Impairment.

    Resch, Zachary J / Cerny, Brian M / Ovsiew, Gabriel P / Jennette, Kyle J / Bing-Canar, Hanaan / Rhoads, Tasha / Soble, Jason R

    Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists

    2022  Volume 38, Issue 4, Page(s) 619–632

    Abstract: Objective: Reliable Digit Span (RDS), RDS-Revised (RDS-R), and age-corrected scaled score (ACSS) have been previously validated as embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV Digit Span subtest (WAIS-IV DS). ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Reliable Digit Span (RDS), RDS-Revised (RDS-R), and age-corrected scaled score (ACSS) have been previously validated as embedded performance validity tests (PVTs) from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV Digit Span subtest (WAIS-IV DS). However, few studies have directly compared the relative utility of these and other proposed WAIS-IV DS validity indicators within a single sample.
    Method: This study compared classification accuracies of 10 WAIS-IV DS indices in a mixed neuropsychiatric sample of 227 outpatients who completed a standardized neuropsychological battery. Participants with ≤1 PVT failures of the four, freestanding criterion PVTs constituted the valid group (n = 181), whereas those with ≥2 PVT failures formed the invalid group (n = 46). Among the valid group, 113 met criteria for mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
    Results: Classification accuracies for all DS indicators were statistically significant across the overall sample and subsamples with and without MCI, apart from indices derived from the Forward trial in the MCI sample. DS Sequencing ACSS, working memory RDS (wmRDS), and DS ACSS emerged as the most effective predictors of validity status, with acceptable to excellent classification accuracy for the overall sample (AUCs = 0.792-0.816; 35%-50% sensitivity/88%-96% specificity).
    Conclusions: Although most DS indices demonstrated clinical utility as embedded PVTs, DS Sequencing ACSS, wmRDS, and DS ACSS may be particularly robust to cognitive impairment, minimizing risk of false positive errors while identifying noncredible performance. Moreover, DS indices incorporating data from multiple trials (i.e., wmRDS, DS ACSS) also generally yielded greater classification accuracy than those derived from a single trial.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Reproducibility of Results ; Cognitive Dysfunction/diagnosis ; Memory, Short-Term ; Sensitivity and Specificity
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 632972-x
    ISSN 1873-5843 ; 0887-6177
    ISSN (online) 1873-5843
    ISSN 0887-6177
    DOI 10.1093/arclin/acac082
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