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  1. Article: Genomic insights into schizophrenia.

    Owen, Michael J

    Royal Society open science

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) 230125

    Abstract: Schizophrenia is a common, complex, heterogeneous psychiatric syndrome which can have profound impacts on affected individuals and imposes significant burdens on society. Despite intensive research, it has been challenging to understand basic mechanisms ... ...

    Abstract Schizophrenia is a common, complex, heterogeneous psychiatric syndrome which can have profound impacts on affected individuals and imposes significant burdens on society. Despite intensive research, it has been challenging to understand basic mechanisms and to identify novel therapeutic targets. Given its high heritability and the complexity and inaccessibility of the human brain, much hope has been invested in the application of genomics as a route to better understanding. This work has identified many common and rare risk alleles and laid the foundations for a new generation of mechanistic studies. Genomics has also thrown new light on the relationship between schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders and revealed its previously unappreciated aetiological relationship with childhood neurodevelopmental disorders, providing further evidence that it has its origins in disturbances of brain development. In addition, genomic findings suggest that the condition reflects fundamental disturbances in neuronal, and particularly synaptic, function that impact broadly on brain function, rather than being a disorder of specific brain regions and circuits. Finally, genomics has provided a plausible solution to the evolutionary paradox of how the condition persists in the face of high heritability and reduced fecundity.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-22
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2787755-3
    ISSN 2054-5703
    ISSN 2054-5703
    DOI 10.1098/rsos.230125
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The Contribution of the Rüdin School to Psychiatric Genetics: The Light and the Darkness.

    Owen, Michael J

    Schizophrenia bulletin

    2022  Volume 48, Issue Suppl 1, Page(s) S1–S3

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Darkness ; Eugenics ; Psychiatry ; Schools
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-19
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 439173-1
    ISSN 1745-1701 ; 0586-7614
    ISSN (online) 1745-1701
    ISSN 0586-7614
    DOI 10.1093/schbul/sbac119
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Silicone Surface Fundamentals.

    Owen, Michael J

    Macromolecular rapid communications

    2020  Volume 42, Issue 5, Page(s) e2000360

    Abstract: Many of the applications of the most familiar silicone polymer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), are a consequence of its hydrophobic nature. The key quantities underlying this behavior are the water contact angle with water droplets, the surface tension of ... ...

    Abstract Many of the applications of the most familiar silicone polymer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), are a consequence of its hydrophobic nature. The key quantities underlying this behavior are the water contact angle with water droplets, the surface tension of the polymer, and its interfacial tension with water. These quantities are reviewed for PDMS and the fluorsilicone polymethyltrifluoropropylsiloxane (PMTFPS) as well as some other less common, more highly fluorinated, fluorosilicones. As aliphatic fluorocarbons are usually introduced into polymers to lower surface tension, it is unexpected that the surface tension of PMTFPS is higher than PDMS. However, this observation is consistent with Zisman's early extensive studies. It is also somewhat surprising that there are no definitive values accepted for the water contact angle with PDMS and the interfacial tension at the PDMS/water interface. Some reasons for this are explored and relevant limitations considered. The variety of ways in which a PDMS surface can be presented must have a major effect on the range of water contact angles reported.
    MeSH term(s) Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Silicones ; Surface Properties ; Surface Tension ; Water
    Chemical Substances Silicones ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-16
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1475027-2
    ISSN 1521-3927 ; 1022-1336
    ISSN (online) 1521-3927
    ISSN 1022-1336
    DOI 10.1002/marc.202000360
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  4. Article ; Online: Rare genetic brain disorders with overlapping neurological and psychiatric phenotypes.

    Peall, Kathryn J / Owen, Michael J / Hall, Jeremy

    Nature reviews. Neurology

    2023  Volume 20, Issue 1, Page(s) 7–21

    Abstract: Understanding rare genetic brain disorders with overlapping neurological and psychiatric phenotypes is of increasing importance given the potential for developing disease models that could help to understand more common, polygenic disorders. However, the ...

    Abstract Understanding rare genetic brain disorders with overlapping neurological and psychiatric phenotypes is of increasing importance given the potential for developing disease models that could help to understand more common, polygenic disorders. However, the traditional clinical boundaries between neurology and psychiatry result in frequent segregation of these disorders into distinct silos, limiting cross-specialty understanding that could facilitate clinical and biological advances. In this Review, we highlight multiple genetic brain disorders in which neurological and psychiatric phenotypes are observed, but for which in-depth, cross-spectrum clinical phenotyping is rarely undertaken. We describe the combined phenotypes observed in association with genetic variants linked to epilepsy, dystonia, autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. We also consider common underlying mechanisms that centre on synaptic plasticity, including changes to synaptic and neuronal structure, calcium handling and the balance of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal activity. Further investigation is needed to better define and replicate these phenotypes in larger cohorts, which would help to gain greater understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and identify common therapeutic targets.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Autism Spectrum Disorder/genetics ; Schizophrenia/genetics ; Epilepsy/genetics ; Phenotype ; Neurons
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2491514-2
    ISSN 1759-4766 ; 1759-4758
    ISSN (online) 1759-4766
    ISSN 1759-4758
    DOI 10.1038/s41582-023-00896-x
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  5. Article: Explaining the missing heritability of psychiatric disorders.

    Owen, Michael J / Williams, Nigel M

    World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)

    2021  Volume 20, Issue 2, Page(s) 294–295

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-17
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2236130-3
    ISSN 2051-5545 ; 1723-8617
    ISSN (online) 2051-5545
    ISSN 1723-8617
    DOI 10.1002/wps.20870
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  6. Article ; Online: The nature of schizophrenia: As broad as it is long.

    Owen, Michael J / Legge, Sophie E

    Schizophrenia research

    2021  Volume 242, Page(s) 109–112

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neurobiology ; Schizophrenia ; Schizophrenic Psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639422-x
    ISSN 1573-2509 ; 0920-9964
    ISSN (online) 1573-2509
    ISSN 0920-9964
    DOI 10.1016/j.schres.2021.10.012
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  7. Article ; Online: Mental Health Research, shared goals.

    Chilvers, Clair / Owen, Michael J

    Journal of mental health (Abingdon, England)

    2021  Volume 32, Issue 6, Page(s) 1017

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mental Health ; Goals ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Mental Disorders/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1145439-8
    ISSN 1360-0567 ; 0963-8237
    ISSN (online) 1360-0567
    ISSN 0963-8237
    DOI 10.1080/09638237.2021.1898562
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  8. Article: Autism: A model of neurodevelopmental diversity informed by genomics.

    Chawner, Samuel J R A / Owen, Michael J

    Frontiers in psychiatry

    2022  Volume 13, Page(s) 981691

    Abstract: Definitions of autism are constantly in flux and the validity and utility of diagnostic criteria remain hotly debated. The boundaries of autism are unclear and there is considerable heterogeneity within autistic individuals. Autistic individuals ... ...

    Abstract Definitions of autism are constantly in flux and the validity and utility of diagnostic criteria remain hotly debated. The boundaries of autism are unclear and there is considerable heterogeneity within autistic individuals. Autistic individuals experience a range of co-occurring conditions notably including other childhood onset neurodevelopmental conditions such as intellectual disability, epilepsy and ADHD, but also other neuropsychiatric conditions. Recently, the neurodiversity movement has challenged the conception of autism as a medical syndrome defined by functional deficits. Whereas others have argued that autistic individuals with the highest support needs, including those with intellectual disability and limited functional communication, are better represented by a medical model. Genomic research indicates that, rather than being a circumscribed biological entity, autism can be understood in relation to two continua. On the one hand, it can be conceived as lying on a continuum of population variation in social and adaptive functioning traits, reflecting in large part the combination of multiple alleles of small effect. On the other, it can be viewed as lying on a broader neurodevelopmental continuum whereby rare genetic mutations and environmental risk factors impact the developing brain, resulting in a diverse spectrum of outcomes including childhood-onset neurodevelopmental conditions as well as adult-onset psychiatric conditions such as schizophrenia. This model helps us understand heterogeneity within autism and to reconcile the view that autism is a part of natural variability, as advocated by the neurodiversity movement, with the presence of co-occurring disabilities and impairments of function in some autistic individuals.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-02
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2564218-2
    ISSN 1664-0640
    ISSN 1664-0640
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.981691
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  9. Article ; Online: Translating insights from neuropsychiatric genetics and genomics for precision psychiatry.

    Rees, Elliott / Owen, Michael J

    Genome medicine

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 43

    Abstract: The primary aim of precision medicine is to tailor healthcare more closely to the needs of individual patients. This requires progress in two areas: the development of more precise treatments and the ability to identify patients or groups of patients in ... ...

    Abstract The primary aim of precision medicine is to tailor healthcare more closely to the needs of individual patients. This requires progress in two areas: the development of more precise treatments and the ability to identify patients or groups of patients in the clinic for whom such treatments are likely to be the most effective. There is widespread optimism that advances in genomics will facilitate both of these endeavors. It can be argued that of all medical specialties psychiatry has most to gain in these respects, given its current reliance on syndromic diagnoses, the minimal foundation of existing mechanistic knowledge, and the substantial heritability of psychiatric phenotypes. Here, we review recent advances in psychiatric genomics and assess the likely impact of these findings on attempts to develop precision psychiatry. Emerging findings indicate a high degree of polygenicity and that genetic risk maps poorly onto the diagnostic categories used in the clinic. The highly polygenic and pleiotropic nature of psychiatric genetics will impact attempts to use genomic data for prediction and risk stratification, and also poses substantial challenges for conventional approaches to gaining biological insights from genetic findings. While there are many challenges to overcome, genomics is building an empirical platform upon which psychiatry can now progress towards better understanding of disease mechanisms, better treatments, and better ways of targeting treatments to the patients most likely to benefit, thus paving the way for precision psychiatry.
    MeSH term(s) Genomics ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/genetics ; Precision Medicine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-29
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2484394-5
    ISSN 1756-994X ; 1756-994X
    ISSN (online) 1756-994X
    ISSN 1756-994X
    DOI 10.1186/s13073-020-00734-5
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  10. Article ; Online: Clinical evaluation of patients with a neuropsychiatric risk copy number variant.

    Chawner, Samuel Jra / Watson, Cameron J / Owen, Michael J

    Current opinion in genetics & development

    2021  Volume 68, Page(s) 26–34

    Abstract: Several copy number variants (CNVs) have been identified to confer high risk for a range of neuropsychiatric conditions. Because of advances in genetic testing within clinical settings, patients are increasingly receiving diagnoses of copy number variant ...

    Abstract Several copy number variants (CNVs) have been identified to confer high risk for a range of neuropsychiatric conditions. Because of advances in genetic testing within clinical settings, patients are increasingly receiving diagnoses of copy number variant genomic disorders. However, clinical guidelines surrounding assessment and management are limited. This review synthesises recent research and makes preliminary recommendations regarding the clinical evaluation of patients with neuropsychiatric risk CNVs. We recommend multi-system assessment beyond the initial referral reason, recognition of the potential need for co-ordinated multidisciplinary care, and that interventions take account of relevant multimorbidity. The frequently complex needs of patients with CNVs across the life-course pose challenges for many health care systems and may be best provided for by the establishment of specialist clinics.
    MeSH term(s) DNA Copy Number Variations ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genetic Testing ; Genome-Wide Association Study/methods ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Mental Disorders/genetics ; Risk Assessment
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1077312-5
    ISSN 1879-0380 ; 0959-437X
    ISSN (online) 1879-0380
    ISSN 0959-437X
    DOI 10.1016/j.gde.2020.12.012
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