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  1. Article ; Online: Veterinary students' proximity to and interpretation of a simulated "aggressive" dog before and after training.

    Oxley, James A / Meyer, Georg / Butcher, Matthew / Bellantuono, Giuseppe / Levers, Andrew / Westgarth, Carri

    Scientific reports

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 3209

    Abstract: Dog "aggression" in the veterinary practice is commonplace. Therefore, student knowledge and education about dog behaviour and the ability to interpret "aggressive" behaviour is important from a human injury prevention and dog welfare perspective. The ... ...

    Abstract Dog "aggression" in the veterinary practice is commonplace. Therefore, student knowledge and education about dog behaviour and the ability to interpret "aggressive" behaviour is important from a human injury prevention and dog welfare perspective. The study aimed to compare first-year veterinary students' perceived safest proximity to both an "aggressive" and non-reactive simulated dog, both before and after a teaching intervention about canine behaviour and a handling practical. It also examined student confidence and their ability to identify "aggressive" behaviours. Forty first year veterinary students took part in two surveys. Each survey included two videos: one of a simulated dog displaying "aggressive" behaviour, based on the 'Canine Ladder of Aggression'; and another displaying non-reactive (passive behaviours without reaction to the participants) behaviours. Each video depicted the slow and consistent approach towards the virtual dog within a virtual indoor environment, and participants were asked to press stop if or when they would stop approaching the dog. In the "aggressive" scenario, there was a reduction in the approach-stop time from survey 1 (median = 17.8 s) to survey 2 (median = 15.2 s) in the intervention group (p = 0.018) but not in the control group (p = 0.147). Regarding confidence, there was a significant increase in the self-reported confidence rating relating to a participant's ability to interpret canine behaviour in both the control (p = 0.011) and intervention (p = 0.003). In conclusion, these results indicate that students using approach-stop videos stayed further away from an "aggressive" virtual dog model if they had undertaken a canine behaviour educational intervention. This novel approach has the potential for further use in teaching and assessment of student knowledge and behaviour which may otherwise be difficult to demonstrate.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Dogs ; Animals ; Aggression ; Students ; Educational Status
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-08
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-53551-w
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  2. Article ; Online: Owner demographic factors are associated with suitable pet rabbit housing provision in the United Kingdom.

    Mee, Grace / Tipton, Emma / Oxley, James A / Westgarth, Carri

    The Veterinary record

    2022  Volume 190, Issue 12, Page(s) e1736

    Abstract: Background: Rabbits are popular pets, but research into their welfare is limited. This study analysed the potential association(s) between the provision of suitable housing and owner demographic factors.: Methods: Data from 2017, 2018 and 2019 PDSA ... ...

    Abstract Background: Rabbits are popular pets, but research into their welfare is limited. This study analysed the potential association(s) between the provision of suitable housing and owner demographic factors.
    Methods: Data from 2017, 2018 and 2019 PDSA Animal Wellbeing (PAW) report surveys gave a sample of 1333 UK rabbit owners. Whether the rabbit housing was adequate or inadequate was ascertained by asking owners to indicate images of hutch and run size or indoor environment type that were similar to their own. The owner demographic factors collected included gender, education, household income and deprivation. Chi-squared tests and binary logistic regression (univariable and multivariable) were used to investigate factors associated with adequate/inadequate housing.
    Results: One-third (31.2%) of rabbits lived in inadequate housing and half were housed alone (51.4%). Male owners were more likely to report providing inadequate housing than females (odds ratio [OR] = 1.795, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.319-2.441, p < 0.001). Compared to owners over 55 years old, those aged 25-34 years were more likely to house their rabbits inadequately (OR = 2.050, 95% CI 1.286-3.267, p = 0.003). Owners with a household income below average were more likely to report providing inadequate housing compared to those with a household income above average (OR = 1.406, 95% CI 1.025-1.928, p = 0.035).
    Conclusion: The findings identify that inadequate rabbit housing is provided by owners of all ages, genders and deprivation levels but highlight some particular owner demographics that could be useful to target if resources are limited.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Confidence Intervals ; Demography ; Educational Status ; Female ; Housing, Animal/standards ; Humans ; Income ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ownership ; Pets/physiology ; Rabbits/physiology ; Regression Analysis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390015-0
    ISSN 2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
    ISSN (online) 2042-7670
    ISSN 0042-4900
    DOI 10.1002/vetr.1736
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  3. Article: Owner demographic factors are associated with suitable pet rabbit housing provision in the United Kingdom

    Mee, Grace / Tipton, Emma / Oxley, James A. / Westgarth, Carri

    Veterinary record. 2022 June, v. 190, no. 12

    2022  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Rabbits are popular pets, but research into their welfare is limited. This study analysed the potential association(s) between the provision of suitable housing and owner demographic factors. METHODS: Data from 2017, 2018 and 2019 PDSA Animal ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Rabbits are popular pets, but research into their welfare is limited. This study analysed the potential association(s) between the provision of suitable housing and owner demographic factors. METHODS: Data from 2017, 2018 and 2019 PDSA Animal Wellbeing (PAW) report surveys gave a sample of 1333 UK rabbit owners. Whether the rabbit housing was adequate or inadequate was ascertained by asking owners to indicate images of hutch and run size or indoor environment type that were similar to their own. The owner demographic factors collected included gender, education, household income and deprivation. Chi‐squared tests and binary logistic regression (univariable and multivariable) were used to investigate factors associated with adequate/inadequate housing. RESULTS: One‐third (31.2%) of rabbits lived in inadequate housing and half were housed alone (51.4%). Male owners were more likely to report providing inadequate housing than females (odds ratio [OR] = 1.795, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.319–2.441, p < 0.001). Compared to owners over 55 years old, those aged 25–34 years were more likely to house their rabbits inadequately (OR = 2.050, 95% CI 1.286–3.267, p = 0.003). Owners with a household income below average were more likely to report providing inadequate housing compared to those with a household income above average (OR = 1.406, 95% CI 1.025–1.928, p = 0.035). CONCLUSION: The findings identify that inadequate rabbit housing is provided by owners of all ages, genders and deprivation levels but highlight some particular owner demographics that could be useful to target if resources are limited.
    Keywords animal well-being ; confidence interval ; demographic statistics ; education ; household income ; males ; odds ratio ; rabbits ; regression analysis ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-06
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 390015-0
    ISSN 2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
    ISSN (online) 2042-7670
    ISSN 0042-4900
    DOI 10.1002/vetr.1736
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  4. Article ; Online: Pet dog bites in children: management and prevention.

    Jakeman, Molly / Oxley, James A / Owczarczak-Garstecka, Sara C / Westgarth, Carri

    BMJ paediatrics open

    2020  Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) e000726

    Abstract: Dog bite injuries are a significant public health problem and many are sustained by children. These injuries can be complex, both physically and psychologically, and in rare cases fatal. This paper will review current evidence-based approaches to ... ...

    Abstract Dog bite injuries are a significant public health problem and many are sustained by children. These injuries can be complex, both physically and psychologically, and in rare cases fatal. This paper will review current evidence-based approaches to treatment, explore identified patterns in biting incidents and discuss the effectiveness of prevention strategies. Safe management of these patients requires a comprehensive approach. Physical injuries need to be accurately assessed with a high index of suspicion for underlying injuries, particularly in younger children less able to communicate. Treatment depends on severity and location, but all bites must be irrigated to reduce the risk of infection but may not always require prophylactic antibiotic use. Careful exploration of the circumstances in which the bite occurred is essential to make safeguarding decisions and prevent future bites. Reducing the incidence of paediatric dog bites requires education of both children and parents that any dog can bite, regardless of breed, and all child-dog interactions must be highly supervised. However, education alone is unlikely to prevent dog bites. Policies that support environmental changes need to be developed such as provision of pet dogs less likely to bite (or bite as severely), through breeding for temperament and appropriate socialisation. Additionally, investment in psychological support for bite victims and their families is required to reduce the long-term impacts of being bitten.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2399-9772
    ISSN (online) 2399-9772
    DOI 10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000726
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Munchausen by proxy by internet and pets.

    Oxley, James A / Feldman, Marc D

    The Veterinary record

    2016  Volume 178, Issue 26, Page(s) 663–664

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Communication ; Humans ; Internet ; Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy ; Pets ; Professional-Patient Relations ; Veterinarians/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-06-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 390015-0
    ISSN 2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
    ISSN (online) 2042-7670
    ISSN 0042-4900
    DOI 10.1136/vr.i3450
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  6. Article ; Online: A pilot study investigating human behaviour towards DAVE (Dog Assisted Virtual Environment) and interpretation of non-reactive and aggressive behaviours during a virtual reality exploration task.

    Oxley, James A / Meyer, Georg / Cant, Iain / Bellantuono, Giuseppe M / Butcher, Matthew / Levers, Andrew / Westgarth, Carri

    PloS one

    2022  Volume 17, Issue 9, Page(s) e0274329

    Abstract: Dog aggression is a public health concern because dog bites often lead to physical and psychological trauma in humans. It is also a welfare concern for dogs. To prevent aggressive behaviours, it is important to understand human behaviour towards dogs and ...

    Abstract Dog aggression is a public health concern because dog bites often lead to physical and psychological trauma in humans. It is also a welfare concern for dogs. To prevent aggressive behaviours, it is important to understand human behaviour towards dogs and our ability to interpret signs of dog aggression. This poses ethical challenges for humans and dogs. The aim of this study was to introduce, describe and pilot test a virtual reality dog model (DAVE (Dog Assisted Virtual Environment)). The Labrador model has two different modes displaying aggressive and non-reactive non-aggressive behaviours. The aggressive behaviours displayed are based on the current understanding of canine ethology and expert feedback. The objective of the study was to test the recognition of dog behaviour and associated human approach and avoidance behaviour. Sixteen university students were recruited via an online survey to participate in a practical study, and randomly allocated to two experimental conditions, an aggressive followed by a non-reactive virtual reality model (group AN) or vice versa (group NA). Participants were instructed to 'explore the area' in each condition, followed by a survey. A Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney U test was used to compare the closest distance to the dog within and between groups respectively. Participants moved overall significantly closer to the non-reactive dog compared to the aggressive dog (p≤0.001; r = 0.8). Descriptions of the aggressive dog given by participants often used motivational or emotional terms. There was little evidence of simulator sickness and presence scores were high indicating sufficient immersion in the virtual environment. Participants appeared to perceive the dog as realistic and behaved and interacted with the dog model in a manner that might be expected during an interaction with a live dog. This study also highlights the promising results for the potential future use of virtual reality in behavioural research (i.e., human-dog interactions), education (i.e. safety around dogs) and psychological treatment (e.g. dog phobia treatment).
    MeSH term(s) Aggression/psychology ; Animals ; Bites and Stings ; Dogs ; Humans ; Pilot Projects ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Virtual Reality
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial
    ZDB-ID 2267670-3
    ISSN 1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    ISSN 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0274329
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  7. Article: Frequency of Owner-Reported Bacterial Infections in Pet Guinea Pigs.

    Roberts-Steel, Shannon / Oxley, James A / Carroll, Aisling / Wills, Alison P

    Animals : an open access journal from MDPI

    2019  Volume 9, Issue 9

    Abstract: Domestic guinea pigs suffer morbidity and mortality due to a range of bacterial infections amongst other causes. Microorganisms such ... ...

    Abstract Domestic guinea pigs suffer morbidity and mortality due to a range of bacterial infections amongst other causes. Microorganisms such as
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2076-2615
    ISSN 2076-2615
    DOI 10.3390/ani9090649
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  8. Article ; Online: Dog bites, treatment and prevention in New Zealand.

    Oxley, James A / Cheng, June

    The New Zealand medical journal

    2014  Volume 127, Issue 1406, Page(s) 93–94

    MeSH term(s) Age Distribution ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Bites and Stings/epidemiology ; Bites and Stings/prevention & control ; Bites and Stings/therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dogs ; Humans ; New Zealand/epidemiology
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-11-28
    Publishing country New Zealand
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 390590-1
    ISSN 1175-8716 ; 0028-8446 ; 0110-7704
    ISSN (online) 1175-8716
    ISSN 0028-8446 ; 0110-7704
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  9. Article ; Online: E-mental health and the veterinary profession.

    Oxley, James A / Montrose, V Tamara / Kogan, Lori

    Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association

    2017  Volume 250, Issue 11, Page(s) 1226–1227

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Internet ; Mental Disorders/prevention & control ; Occupational Diseases/prevention & control ; Occupational Health Services/methods ; Veterinarians/psychology ; Veterinary Medicine
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-05-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 390811-2
    ISSN 1943-569X ; 0003-1488
    ISSN (online) 1943-569X
    ISSN 0003-1488
    DOI 10.2460/javma.250.11.1226
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  10. Article: Prevention of sheep worrying in the UK: Rethinking the approach

    Oxley, James A / Brian Evans / V. Tamara Montrose

    Journal of veterinary behavior. 2017 May, June, v. 19

    2017  

    Abstract: Sheep worrying is a continuing concern in the UK and despite several campaigns, the incidence of worrying appears to be increasing. Worrying has a direct impact on sheep welfare (e.g. injury and in many cases death) and farmer welfare (e.g. economic and ... ...

    Abstract Sheep worrying is a continuing concern in the UK and despite several campaigns, the incidence of worrying appears to be increasing. Worrying has a direct impact on sheep welfare (e.g. injury and in many cases death) and farmer welfare (e.g. economic and emotional). To highlight recent cases, the authors reviewed 20 news articles directly recording incidents of sheep worrying between January and July 2016 and highlight a range of variables related to sheep worrying, including the number of sheep deaths and injuries. More in-depth research is needed to assess how such incidents affect sheep farming in the UK, identify the best ways of informing the public of the risks of sheep worrying and to determine the efficacy of potential prevention methods.
    Keywords death ; farmers ; livestock production ; risk ; sheep ; United Kingdom
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-05
    Size p. 61-63.
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1558-7878
    DOI 10.1016/j.jveb.2017.02.001
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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