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Article ; Online: Volcanic SO 2 layer height by TROPOMI/S5P

M.-E. Koukouli / K. Michailidis / P. Hedelt / I. A. Taylor / A. Inness / L. Clarisse / D. Balis / D. Efremenko / D. Loyola / R. G. Grainger / C. Retscher

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 22, Pp 5665-

evaluation against IASI/MetOp and CALIOP/CALIPSO observations

2022 Volume 5683

Abstract: Volcanic eruptions eject large amounts of ash and trace gases such as sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) into the atmosphere. A significant difficulty in mitigating the impact of volcanic SO 2 clouds on air traffic safety is that these gas emissions can be rapidly ... ...

Abstract	Volcanic eruptions eject large amounts of ash and trace gases such as sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) into the atmosphere. A significant difficulty in mitigating the impact of volcanic SO 2 clouds on air traffic safety is that these gas emissions can be rapidly transported over long distances. The use of space-borne instruments enables the global monitoring of volcanic SO 2 emissions in an economical and risk-free manner. Within the European Space Agency (ESA) Sentinel-5p + Innovation project, the S5P SO 2 layer height (S5P + I: SO2LH) activities led to the improvements of the retrieval algorithm and generation of the corresponding near real-time S5P SO 2 LH products. These are currently operationally provided, in near real-time, by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) within the framework of the Innovative Products for Analyses of Atmospheric Composition (INPULS) project. The main aim of this paper is to present its extensive verification, accomplished within the S5P + I: SO2LH project, over major recent volcanic eruptions, against collocated space-borne measurements from the IASI/Metop and CALIOP/CALIPSO instruments as well as assess its impact on the forecasts provided by the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS). The mean difference between S5P and IASI observations for the Raikoke 2019, the Nishinoshima 2020 and the La Soufrière-St Vincent 2021 eruptive periods is ∼ 0.5 ± 3 km, while for the Taal 2020 eruption, a larger difference was found, between 3 ± 3 km and 4 ± 3 km. The comparison of the daily mean SO 2 LH further demonstrates the capabilities of this near real-time product, with slopes between 0.8 and 1 and correlation coefficients ranging between 0.6 and 0.8. Comparisons between the S5P SO 2 LH and the CALIOP/CALIPSO ash plumes revealed an expected bias at − 2.5 ± 2 km, considering that the injected SO 2 and ash plume locations do not always coincide over an eruption. Furthermore, the CAMS assimilation of the S5P SO 2 LH product led to much improved model output against the non-assimilated IASI LH, ...
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	511
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Anthropogenic and volcanic point source SO 2 emissions derived from TROPOMI on board Sentinel-5 Precursor

V. Fioletov / C. A. McLinden / D. Griffin / N. Theys / D. G. Loyola / P. Hedelt / N. A. Krotkov / C. Li

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 20, Pp 5591-

first results

2020 Volume 5607

Abstract: The paper introduces the first TROPOMI-based sulfur dioxide ( SO 2 ) emissions estimates for point sources. A total of about 500 continuously emitting point sources releasing about 10 kt yr −1 to more than 2000 kt yr −1 of SO 2 , previously identified ... ...

Abstract	The paper introduces the first TROPOMI-based sulfur dioxide ( SO 2 ) emissions estimates for point sources. A total of about 500 continuously emitting point sources releasing about 10 kt yr −1 to more than 2000 kt yr −1 of SO 2 , previously identified from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) observations, were analyzed using TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) measurements for 1 full year from April 2018 to March 2019. The annual emissions from these sources were estimated and compared to similar estimates from OMI and Ozone Mapping Profiling Suite (OMPS) measurements. Note that emissions from many of these 500 sources have declined significantly since 2005, making their quantification more challenging. We were able to identify 274 sources where annual emissions are significant and can be reliably estimated from TROPOMI. The standard deviations of TROPOMI vertical column density data, about 1 Dobson unit (DU, where 1 DU <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mo>=</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">2.69</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn mathvariant="normal">10</mn><mn mathvariant="normal">16</mn></msup></mrow></math> <svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="66pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="dc2d706a2ff317b1f8ca0af7c77163bf"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-20-5591-2020-ie00001.svg" width="66pt" height="14pt" src="acp-20-5591-2020-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg> molecules cm −2 ) over the tropics and 1.5 DU over high latitudes, are larger than those of OMI (0.6–1 DU) and OMPS (0.3–0.4 DU). Due to its very high spatial resolution, TROPOMI produces 12–20 times more observations over a certain area than OMI and 96 times more than OMPS. Despite higher uncertainties of individual TROPOMI observations, TROPOMI data averaged over a large area have roughly 2–3 times ...
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A sulfur dioxide Covariance-Based Retrieval Algorithm (COBRA)

N. Theys / V. Fioletov / C. Li / I. De Smedt / C. Lerot / C. McLinden / N. Krotkov / D. Griffin / L. Clarisse / P. Hedelt / D. Loyola / T. Wagner / V. Kumar / A. Innes / R. Ribas / F. Hendrick / J. Vlietinck / H. Brenot / M. Van Roozendael

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 21, Pp 16727-

application to TROPOMI reveals new emission sources

2021 Volume 16744

Abstract: Sensitive and accurate detection of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) from space is important for monitoring and estimating global sulfur emissions. Inspired by detection methods applied in the thermal infrared, we present here a new scheme to retrieve SO 2 columns ...

Abstract	Sensitive and accurate detection of sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) from space is important for monitoring and estimating global sulfur emissions. Inspired by detection methods applied in the thermal infrared, we present here a new scheme to retrieve SO 2 columns from satellite observations of ultraviolet back-scattered radiances. The retrieval is based on a measurement error covariance matrix to fully represent the SO 2 -free radiance variability, so that the SO 2 slant column density is the only retrieved parameter of the algorithm. We demonstrate this approach, named COBRA, on measurements from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) aboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S-5P) satellite. We show that the method reduces significantly both the noise and biases present in the current TROPOMI operational DOAS SO 2 retrievals. The performance of this technique is also benchmarked against that of the principal component algorithm (PCA) approach. We find that the quality of the data is similar and even slightly better with the proposed COBRA approach. The ability of the algorithm to retrieve SO 2 accurately is further supported by comparison with ground-based observations. We illustrate the great sensitivity of the method with a high-resolution global SO 2 map, considering 2.5 years of TROPOMI data. In addition to the known sources, we detect many new SO 2 emission hotspots worldwide. For the largest sources, we use the COBRA data to estimate SO 2 emission rates. Results are comparable to other recently published TROPOMI-based SO 2 emissions estimates, but the associated uncertainties are significantly lower than with the operational data. Next, for a limited number of weak sources, we demonstrate the potential of our data for quantifying SO 2 emissions with a detection limit of about 8 kt yr −1 , a factor of 4 better than the emissions derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). We anticipate that the systematic use of our TROPOMI COBRA SO 2 column data set at a global scale will allow missing sources to be ...
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	511
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Global monitoring of volcanic SO2 degassing with unprecedented resolution from TROPOMI onboard Sentinel-5 Precursor

N. Theys / P. Hedelt / I. De Smedt / C. Lerot / H. Yu / J. Vlietinck / M. Pedergnana / S. Arellano / B. Galle / D. Fernandez / C. J. M. Carlito / C. Barrington / B. Taisne / H. Delgado-Granados / D. Loyola / M. Van Roozendael

Scientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2019 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract Over the last four decades, space-based nadir observations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) proved to be a key data source for assessing the environmental impacts of volcanic emissions, for monitoring volcanic activity and early signs of eruptions, and ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Over the last four decades, space-based nadir observations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) proved to be a key data source for assessing the environmental impacts of volcanic emissions, for monitoring volcanic activity and early signs of eruptions, and ultimately mitigating related hazards on local populations and aviation. Despite its importance, a detailed picture of global SO2 daily degassing is difficult to produce, notably for lower-tropospheric plumes, due largely to the limited spatial resolution and coverage or lack of sensitivity and selectivity to SO2 of current (and previous) nadir sensors. We report here the first volcanic SO2 measurements from the hyperspectral TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) launched in October 2017 onboard the ESA’s Sentinel-5 Precursor platform. Using the operational processing algorithm, we explore the benefit of improved spatial resolution to the monitoring of global volcanic degassing. We find that TROPOMI surpasses any space nadir sensor in its ability to detect weak degassing signals and captures day-to-day changes in SO2 emissions. The detection limit of TROPOMI to SO2 emissions is a factor of 4 better than the heritage Aura/Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Here we show that TROPOMI SO2 daily observations carry a wealth of information on volcanic activity. Provided with adequate wind speed data, temporally resolved SO2 fluxes can be obtained at hourly time steps or shorter. We anticipate that TROPOMI SO2 data will help to monitor global volcanic daily degassing and better understand volcanic processes and impacts.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Anthropogenic sulphur dioxide load over China as observed from different satellite sensors

Koukouli, M.E / A. Richter / C. Li / D.S. Balis / M. Taylor / N. Krotkov / N. Theys / P. Hedelt / Ronald Johannes van der A

Elsevier Ltd Atmospheric environment. 2016 Nov., v. 145

2016

Abstract: China, with its rapid economic growth and immense exporting power, has been the focus of many studies during this previous decade quantifying its increasing emissions contribution to the Earth's atmosphere. With a population slowly shifting towards ... ...

Abstract	China, with its rapid economic growth and immense exporting power, has been the focus of many studies during this previous decade quantifying its increasing emissions contribution to the Earth's atmosphere. With a population slowly shifting towards enlarged power and purchasing needs, the ceaseless inauguration of new power plants, smelters, refineries and industrial parks leads infallibly to increases in sulphur dioxide, SO2, emissions. The recent capability of next generation algorithms as well as new space-borne instruments to detect anthropogenic SO2 loads has enabled a fast advancement in this field. In the following work, algorithms providing total SO2 columns over China based on SCIAMACHY/Envisat, OMI/Aura and GOME2/MetopA observations are presented. The need for post-processing and gridding of the SO2 fields is further revealed in this work, following the path of previous publications. Further, it is demonstrated that the usage of appropriate statistical tools permits studying parts of the datasets typically excluded, such as the winter months loads. Focusing on actual point sources, such as megacities and known power plant locations, instead of entire provinces, monthly mean time series have been examined in detail. The sharp decline in SO2 emissions in more than 90%–95% of the locations studied confirms the recent implementation of government desulphurisation legislation; however, locations with increases, even for the previous five years, are also identified. These belong to provinces with emerging economies which are in haste to install power plants and are possibly viewed leniently by the authorities, in favour of growth. The SO2 load seasonality has also been examined in detail with a novel mathematical tool, with 70% of the point sources having a statistically significant annual cycle with highs in winter and lows in summer, following the heating requirements of the Chinese population.
Keywords	algorithms ; atmospheric chemistry ; cities ; data collection ; Earth atmosphere ; economic development ; emissions ; heat ; laws and regulations ; power plants ; purchasing ; satellites ; sulfur dioxide ; summer ; time series analysis ; winter ; China
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-11
Size	p. 45-59.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	216368-8
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
ISSN	0004-6981 ; 1352-2310
DOI	10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.09.007
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Comparative assessment of TROPOMI and OMI formaldehyde observations and validation against MAX-DOAS network column measurements

I. De Smedt / G. Pinardi / C. Vigouroux / S. Compernolle / A. Bais / N. Benavent / F. Boersma / K.-L. Chan / S. Donner / K.-U. Eichmann / P. Hedelt / F. Hendrick / H. Irie / V. Kumar / J.-C. Lambert / B. Langerock / C. Lerot / C. Liu / D. Loyola /

A. Piters / A. Richter / C. Rivera Cárdenas / F. Romahn / R. G. Ryan / V. Sinha / N. Theys / J. Vlietinck / T. Wagner / T. Wang / H. Yu / M. Van Roozendael

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 21, Pp 12561-

2021 Volume 12593

Abstract: The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), launched in October 2017 on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite, monitors the composition of the Earth's atmosphere at an unprecedented horizontal resolution as fine as 3.5 × 5.5 km 2 . This ... ...

Abstract	The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), launched in October 2017 on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite, monitors the composition of the Earth's atmosphere at an unprecedented horizontal resolution as fine as 3.5 × 5.5 km 2 . This paper assesses the performances of the TROPOMI formaldehyde (HCHO) operational product compared to its predecessor, the OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) HCHO QA4ECV product, at different spatial and temporal scales. The parallel development of the two algorithms favoured the consistency of the products, which facilitates the production of long-term combined time series. The main difference between the two satellite products is related to the use of different cloud algorithms, leading to a positive bias of OMI compared to TROPOMI of up to 30 % in tropical regions. We show that after switching off the explicit correction for cloud effects, the two datasets come into an excellent agreement. For medium to large HCHO vertical columns (larger than 5 × 10 15 molec. cm −2 ) the median bias between OMI and TROPOMI HCHO columns is not larger than 10 % ( < 0.4 × 10 15 molec. cm −2 ). For lower columns, OMI observations present a remaining positive bias of about 20 % ( < 0.8 × 10 15 molec. cm −2 ) compared to TROPOMI in midlatitude regions. Here, we also use a global network of 18 MAX-DOAS (multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy) instruments to validate both satellite sensors for a large range of HCHO columns. This work complements the study by Vigouroux et al. (2020), where a global FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) network is used to validate the TROPOMI HCHO operational product. Consistent with the FTIR validation study, we find that for elevated HCHO columns, TROPOMI data are systematically low ( −25 % for HCHO columns larger than 8 × 10 15 molec. cm −2 ), while no significant bias is found for medium-range column values. We further show that OMI and TROPOMI data present equivalent biases for large HCHO levels. However, TROPOMI significantly ...
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: EUNADICS-AV early warning system dedicated to supporting aviation in the case of a crisis from natural airborne hazards and radionuclide clouds

H. Brenot / N. Theys / L. Clarisse / J. van Gent / D. R. Hurtmans / S. Vandenbussche / N. Papagiannopoulos / L. Mona / T. Virtanen / A. Uppstu / M. Sofiev / L. Bugliaro / M. Vázquez-Navarro / P. Hedelt / M. M. Parks / S. Barsotti / M. Coltelli / W. Moreland / S. Scollo /

G. Salerno / D. Arnold-Arias / M. Hirtl / T. Peltonen / J. Lahtinen / K. Sievers / F. Lipok / R. Rüfenacht / A. Haefele / M. Hervo / S. Wagenaar / W. Som de Cerff / J. de Laat / A. Apituley / P. Stammes / Q. Laffineur / A. Delcloo / R. Lennart / C.-H. Rokitansky / A. Vargas / M. Kerschbaum / C. Resch / R. Zopp / M. Plu / V.-H. Peuch / M. Van Roozendael / G. Wotawa

Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Vol 21, Pp 3367-

2021 Volume 3405

Abstract: The purpose of the EUNADICS-AV (European Natural Airborne Disaster Information and Coordination System for Aviation) prototype early warning system (EWS) is to develop the combined use of harmonised data products from satellite, ground-based and in situ ... ...

Abstract	The purpose of the EUNADICS-AV (European Natural Airborne Disaster Information and Coordination System for Aviation) prototype early warning system (EWS) is to develop the combined use of harmonised data products from satellite, ground-based and in situ instruments to produce alerts of airborne hazards (volcanic, dust, smoke and radionuclide clouds), satisfying the requirement of aviation air traffic management (ATM) stakeholders ( https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/723986 , last access: 5 November 2021). The alert products developed by the EUNADICS-AV EWS, i.e. near-real-time (NRT) observations, email notifications and netCDF (Network Common Data Form) alert data products (called NCAP files), have shown significant interest in using selective detection of natural airborne hazards from polar-orbiting satellites. The combination of several sensors inside a single global system demonstrates the advantage of using a triggered approach to obtain selective detection from observations, which cannot initially discriminate the different aerosol types. Satellite products from hyperspectral ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) and infrared (IR) sensors (e.g. TROPOMI – TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument – and IASI – Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) and a broadband geostationary imager (Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager; SEVIRI) and retrievals from ground-based networks (e.g. EARLINET – European Aerosol Research Lidar Network, E-PROFILE and the regional network from volcano observatories) are combined by our system to create tailored alert products (e.g. selective ash detection, SO 2 column and plume height, dust cloud, and smoke from wildfires). A total of 23 different alert products are implemented, using 1 geostationary and 13 polar-orbiting satellite platforms, 3 external existing service, and 2 EU and 2 regional ground-based networks. This allows for the identification and the tracking of extreme events. The EUNADICS-AV EWS has also shown the need to implement a future relay of radiological data ...
Keywords	Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Support to Aviation Control Service (SACS)

H. Brenot / N. Theys / L. Clarisse / J. van Geffen / J. van Gent / M. Van Roozendael / R. van der A / D. Hurtmans / P.-F. Coheur / C. Clerbaux / P. Valks / P. Hedelt / F. Prata / O. Rasson / K. Sievers / C. Zehner

Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Vol 14, Iss 5, Pp 1099-

an online service for near-real-time satellite monitoring of volcanic plumes

2014 Volume 1123

Abstract: Volcanic eruptions emit plumes of ash and gases into the atmosphere, potentially at very high altitudes. Ash-rich plumes are hazardous for airplanes as ash is very abrasive and easily melts inside their engines. With more than 50 active volcanoes per ... ...

Abstract	Volcanic eruptions emit plumes of ash and gases into the atmosphere, potentially at very high altitudes. Ash-rich plumes are hazardous for airplanes as ash is very abrasive and easily melts inside their engines. With more than 50 active volcanoes per year and the ever-increasing number of commercial flights, the safety of airplanes is a real concern. Satellite measurements are ideal for monitoring global volcanic activity and, in combination with atmospheric dispersion models, to track and forecast volcanic plumes. Here we present the Support to Aviation Control Service (SACS, http://sacs.aeronomie.be ), which is a free online service initiated by the European Space Agency (ESA) for the near-real-time (NRT) satellite monitoring of volcanic plumes of SO 2 and ash. It combines data from three ultraviolet (UV)-visible and three infrared (IR) spectrometers. The UV-vis sensors are the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) on-board the two polar orbiting meteorological satellites (MetOp-A & MetOp-B) operated by the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT). The IR sensors are the Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on-board MetOp-A & MetOp-B. This new multi-sensor warning system of volcanic emissions is based on the selective detection of SO 2 and ash. This system is optimised to avoid false alerts while at the same time limiting the number of notifications in case of large plumes. A successful rate with more than 95% of notifications corresponding to true volcanic activity is obtained by the SACS system.
Keywords	Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ; TD1-1066 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Geology ; QE1-996.5
Subject code	629
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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