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Article ; Online: Large scale modeling of the transport, chemical transformation and mass budget of the sulfur emitted during the April 2007 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise

P. Tulet / N. Villeneuve

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 11, Iss 9, Pp 4533-

2011 Volume 4546

Abstract: In April 2007, the Piton de la Fournaise volcano (Réunion island) entered into its biggest eruption recorded in the last century. Due to the absence of a sensors network in the vicinity of the volcano, an estimation of degassing during the paroxysmal ... ...

Abstract	In April 2007, the Piton de la Fournaise volcano (Réunion island) entered into its biggest eruption recorded in the last century. Due to the absence of a sensors network in the vicinity of the volcano, an estimation of degassing during the paroxysmal phase of the event has not been performed. Nevertheless, the SO 2 plume and aerosols have been observed by the OMI and CALIOP space sensors, respectively. The mesoscale chemical model MesoNH-C simulates the observed bulk mass of SO 2 and the general shape of the SO 2 plume spreading over the Indian Ocean. Moreover, an analysis of the SO 2 plume budget estimates a total SO 2 release of 230 kt, among of which 60 kt have been transformed into H 2 SO 4 . 27 kt of SO 2 and 21 kt of H 2 SO 4 have been deposited at the surface by dry deposition. With this top down approach, the temporal evolution of the SO 2 emission has been estimated during the most active period of the eruption. The peak of degassing was estimated at 1800 kg s −1 in the morning of 6~April. The temporal evolution of SO 2 emission presented here can also be used for local studies.
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	290
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: High occurrence of new particle formation events at the Maïdo high-altitude observatory (2150 m), Réunion (Indian Ocean)

B. Foucart / K. Sellegri / P. Tulet / C. Rose / J.-M. Metzger / D. Picard

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 18, Pp 9243-

2018 Volume 9261

Abstract: This study aims to report and characterise the frequent new particle formation (NPF) events observed at the Maïdo observatory, Réunion, a Southern Hemisphere site located at 2150 m (a.s.l.) and surrounded by the Indian Ocean. From May 2014 to December ... ...

Abstract	This study aims to report and characterise the frequent new particle formation (NPF) events observed at the Maïdo observatory, Réunion, a Southern Hemisphere site located at 2150 m (a.s.l.) and surrounded by the Indian Ocean. From May 2014 to December 2015, continuous aerosol measurements were made using both a differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS) and an air ion spectrometer (AIS) to characterise the NPF events down to the lowest particle-size scale. Carbon monoxide (CO) and black carbon (BC) concentrations were monitored, as well as meteorological parameters, in order to identify the conditions that were favourable to the occurrence of nucleation in this specific environment. We point out that the annual NPF frequency average (65 %) is one of the highest reported so far. Monthly averages show a bimodal variation in the NPF frequency, with a maximum observed during transition periods (autumn and spring). A high yearly median particle growth rate (GR) of 15.16 nm h −1 is also measured showing a bimodal seasonal variation with maxima observed in July and November. Yearly medians of 2 and 12 nm particle formation rates ( J 2 and J 12 ) are 0.858 and 0.508 cm −3 s −1 , respectively, with a seasonal variation showing a maximum during winter, that correspond to low temperature and RH typical of the dry season, but also to high BC concentrations. We show that the condensation sink exceeds a threshold value (1.04×10 −3 s −1 ) with a similar seasonal variation than the one of the NPF event frequency, suggesting that the occurrence of the NPF process might be determined by the availability of condensable vapours, which are likely to be transported together with pre-existing particles from lower altitudes.
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Large scale modeling of the transport, the chemical transformation and the mass budget of the sulfur emitted during the eruption of April 2007 by the Piton de la Fournaise

P. Tulet / N. Villeneuve

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Vol 10, Iss 9, Pp 21357-

2010 Volume 21389

Abstract: During April 2007, the Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion island, entered in its bigger eruption registered at least one century. Due to the absence of rapid captor in the vicinity of the volcano, the estimation of the degassing during the ... ...

Abstract	During April 2007, the Piton de la Fournaise volcano, La Réunion island, entered in its bigger eruption registered at least one century. Due to the absence of rapid captor in the vicinity of the volcano, the estimation of the degassing during the paroxysmal phase of the event has not been estimated. A modeling study that uses the mesoscale chemical model MesoNH-C, the spatial observation from the OMI sensor and the CALIOP spacelidar, have simulated the global mass of SO 2 observed and the general shape of the SO 2 plume spreading over the Indian ocean. Moreover, an analysis of the budget of the SO 2 plume have permitted to estimate the total SO 2 release to 159 Kt, the transformation in H 2 SO 4 at 46.9 Kt and the surface dry deposition to 22 Kt and 17.9 Kt of SO 2 and H 2 SO 4 respectively. Then, this top down approach has retrieved an estimation of the temporal evolution of the SO 2 emission during the most active period of the eruption, where the peak of degassing is estimated to 2000 kg s −1 in the morning of the 6 April. This temporal evolution of SO 2 emission, given here, can also be used for more local studies.
Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G ; DOAJ:Environmental Sciences ; DOAJ:Earth and Environmental Sciences ; Geophysics. Cosmic physics ; QC801-809
Subject code	290
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Convective uplift of pollution from the Sichuan Basin into the Asian monsoon anticyclone during the StratoClim aircraft campaign

K.-O. Lee / B. Barret / E. L. Flochmoën / P. Tulet / S. Bucci / M. von Hobe / C. Kloss / B. Legras / M. Leriche / B. Sauvage / F. Ravegnani / A. Ulanovsky

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 21, Pp 3255-

2021 Volume 3274

Abstract: The StratoClim airborne campaign took place in Nepal from 27 July to 10 August 2017 to document the physical and chemical properties of the South Asian upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) during the Asian summer monsoon (ASM). In the present ... ...

Abstract	The StratoClim airborne campaign took place in Nepal from 27 July to 10 August 2017 to document the physical and chemical properties of the South Asian upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UTLS) during the Asian summer monsoon (ASM). In the present paper, simulations with the Meso- NH cloud-chemistry model at a horizontal resolution of 15 km are performed over the Asian region to characterize the impact of monsoon deep convection on the composition of Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA) and on the formation of the Asian tropopause aerosol layer (ATAL) during the StratoClim campaign. StratoClim took place during a break phase of the monsoon with intense convective activity over South China and Sichuan. Comparisons between brightness temperatures (BTs) at 10.8 µ m observed by satellite sensors and simulated by Meso- NH highlight the ability of the model to correctly reproduce the life cycle of deep convective clouds. A comparison between CO and O 3 concentrations from Meso- NH and airborne observations (StratoClim and IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System)) demonstrates that the model captures most of the observed variabilities. Nevertheless, for both gases, the model tends to overestimate the concentrations and misses some thin CO plumes related to local convective events probably because the resolution is too coarse, but the convective uplift of pollution is very well captured by the model. We have therefore focused on the impact of Sichuan convection on the AMA composition. A dedicated sensitivity simulation showed that the 7 August convective event brought large amounts of CO deep into the AMA and even across the 380 K isentropic level located at 17.8 km . This Sichuan contribution enhanced the CO concentration by ∼15 % to reach more than 180 ppbv over a large area around 15 km height. It is noteworthy that Meso- NH captures the impact of the diluted Sichuan plume on the CO concentration during a StratoClim flight south of Kathmandu, highlighting its ability to reproduce the transport pathway ...
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	511
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: New particle formation in the volcanic eruption plume of the Piton de la Fournaise

C. Rose / B. Foucart / D. Picard / A. Colomb / J.-M. Metzger / P. Tulet / K. Sellegri

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 19, Pp 13243-

specific features from a long-term dataset

2019 Volume 13265

Abstract: New particle formation (NPF) is a key atmospheric process which may be responsible for a major fraction of the total aerosol number burden at the global scale, including in particular cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). NPF has been observed in various ... ...

Abstract	New particle formation (NPF) is a key atmospheric process which may be responsible for a major fraction of the total aerosol number burden at the global scale, including in particular cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). NPF has been observed in various environments around the world, but some specific conditions, such as those encountered in volcanic plumes, remain poorly documented in the literature. Yet, understanding such natural processes is essential to better define pre-industrial conditions and their variability in climate model simulations. Here we report observations of NPF performed at the high-altitude observatory of Maïdo (2165 m a.s.l., La Réunion Island) between 1 January and 31 December 2015. During this time period, three effusive eruptions of the Piton de la Fournaise, located ∼39 km away from the station, were observed and documented, resulting in 29 d of measurement in volcanic plume conditions to be compared with 250 “non-plume days”. This dataset is, to our knowledge, the largest ever reported for the investigation of NPF in tropospheric volcanic plume conditions, and it allowed for the first time a statistical approach to characterize the process and also assessment of its relevance with respect to non-plume conditions. NPF was observed on 90 % of the plume days vs. 71 % of the non-plume days during the 4 months when the eruptions occurred. The events were on average detected earlier on plume days, most likely benefiting from larger amounts of precursors available at the site prior to nucleation hours. The overall effect of the plume conditions on the particle growth rate was limited. However, with the exception of September, particle formation rates were significantly higher on plume days. The signature of the volcanic plume on the aerosol spectra up to d p =600 nm was further investigated based on the analysis and fitting of the particle size distributions recorded under in-plume and off-plume conditions. The spectra recorded prior to nucleation hours, in the absence of freshly formed ...
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	290
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Importance of the surface size distribution of erodible material

M. Mokhtari / L. Gomes / P. Tulet / T. Rezoug

Geoscientific Model Development, Vol 5, Iss 3, Pp 581-

an improvement on the Dust Entrainment And Deposition (DEAD) Model

2012 Volume 598

Abstract: This paper is based on dust aerosol cycle modelling in the atmospheric model ALADIN (Aire Limitée Adaptation dynamique Développement InterNational) coupled with the EXternalised SURFace scheme SURFEX. Its main goal is to create an appropriate mineral ... ...

Abstract	This paper is based on dust aerosol cycle modelling in the atmospheric model ALADIN (Aire Limitée Adaptation dynamique Développement InterNational) coupled with the EXternalised SURFace scheme SURFEX. Its main goal is to create an appropriate mineral dust emission parameterization compatible with the global database of land surface parameters ECOCLIMAP, and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) soil type database in SURFEX. An improvement on the Dust Entrainment And Deposition scheme (DEAD) is proposed in this paper by introducing the geographical variation of surface soil size distribution, the Marticorena and Bergametti (1995) formulation of horizontal saltation flux and the Shao et al. (1996) formulation of sandblasting efficiency α . To show the importance of the modifications introduced in the DEAD, both sensitivity and comparative studies are conducted in 0 dimensions (0-D) and then in 3 dimensions (3-D) between the old DEAD and the new DEAD. The results of the 0-D simulations indicate that the revised DEAD scheme represents the dust source emission better, particularly in the Bodélé depression, and provides a reasonable friction threshold velocity. In 3-D simulations, small differences are found between the DEAD and the revised DEAD for the simulated Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) compared with the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) photometer measurements available in the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) databases. For the surface concentration, a remarkable improvement is noted for the revised DEAD scheme.
Keywords	Geology ; QE1-996.5 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Earth Sciences ; DOAJ:Earth and Environmental Sciences
Subject code	333
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Importance of the surface size distribution of erodible material

M. Mokhtari / L. Gomes / P. Tulet / T. Rezoug

Geoscientific Model Development Discussions, Vol 4, Iss 4, Pp 2893-

an improvement of the Dust Entrainment And Deposition DEAD

2011 Volume 2936

Abstract	This paper is based on dust aerosol cycle modelling in the atmospheric model ALADIN (Aire Limitée Adaptation dynamique Développement InterNational) coupled with the EXternalised SURFace scheme SURFEX. Its main goal is to create a global mineral dust emission parameterization compatible with the global database of land surface parameters ECOCLIMAP and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) soil type database in SURFEX, based on both Shao (1993) and Marticorena and Bergametti (1995) parameterizations. An arrangement on the Dust Entrainment And Deposition scheme (DEAD) is proposed in this paper by introducing the geographic variation of surface size distribution, the Marticorena and Bergametti (1995) formulation of horizontal saltation flux and the Shao (2001) formulation of sandblasting efficiency α. To show the importance of the modifications introduced in the code DEAD, both sensitivity and comparative studies are realized in 0 dimensions (0-D) and then in 3 dimensions (3-D) between the old DEAD and that developed in this paper. The results in the 0-D simulations indicate that the developed DEAD scheme represents the dust source emission better, particularly in the Bodélé depression and provides a reasonable friction threshold velocity. In 3-D simulations, small differences are found between the DEAD and developed DEAD schemes for the simulated Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) compared with the photometer AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) measurements available in the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA) databases. But, for the surface concentration a remarkable improvement is noted for the developed DEAD scheme.
Keywords	Geology ; QE1-996.5 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Earth Sciences ; DOAJ:Earth and Environmental Sciences ; Geography (General) ; G1-922
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Dust aerosol and optical properties over North Africa simulated with the ALADIN numerical prediction model from 2006 to 2010

M. Mokhtari / P. Tulet / C. Fischer / Y. Bouteloup / F. Bouyssel / O. Brachemi

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, Vol 15, Iss 4, Pp 5751-

2015 Volume 5799

Abstract: The seasonal cycle and optical properties of mineral dust aerosols in North Africa were simulated for the period from 2006 to 2010 using the numerical atmospheric model ALADIN coupled to the surface scheme SURFEX. The particularity of the simulations is ... ...

Abstract	The seasonal cycle and optical properties of mineral dust aerosols in North Africa were simulated for the period from 2006 to 2010 using the numerical atmospheric model ALADIN coupled to the surface scheme SURFEX. The particularity of the simulations is that the major physical processes responsible for dust emission and transport, as well as radiative effects, are taken into account at short timescales and mesoscale resolution. The aim of these simulations is to quantify the dust emission and deposition, locate the major areas of dust emission and establish a climatology of aerosol optical properties in North Africa. The mean monthly Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) simulated by ALADIN is compared with the AOTs derived from the standard Dark Target (DT) and Deep Blue (DB) algorithms of the Aqua-MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) products over North Africa, and with a set of sun photometer measurements located at Banizoumbou, Cinzana, Soroa, Mbour and Capo Verde. The vertical distribution of dust aerosol represented by extinction profiles is also analysed using CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) observations. The annual dust emission simulated by ALADIN over North Africa is 878 Tg year −1 . The Bodélé depression appears to be the main area of dust emission in North Africa, with an average estimate of about 21.6 Tg year −1 . The simulated AOTs are in good agreement with satellite and sun photometer observations. The positions of the maxima of the modelled AOTs over North Africa match the observed positions, and the ALADIN simulations satisfactorily reproduce the various dust events over the 2006–2010 period. The AOT climatology proposed in this paper provides a solid database of optical properties and consolidates the existing climatology over this region derived from satellites, the AERONET network and Regional Climate Models. Moreover, the three-dimensional distribution of the simulated AOTs also provides information about the vertical structure of the dust aerosol extinction.
Keywords	Environmental sciences ; GE1-350 ; Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ; G
Subject code	520
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus GmbH
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Three-dimensional dust aerosol distribution and extinction climatology over northern Africa simulated with the ALADIN numerical prediction model from 2006 to 2010

M. Mokhtari / P. Tulet / C. Fischer / Y. Bouteloup / F. Bouyssel / O. Brachemi

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 15, Iss 15, Pp 9063-

2015 Volume 9082

Abstract: The seasonal cycle and optical properties of mineral dust aerosols in northern Africa were simulated for the period from 2006 to 2010 using the numerical atmospheric model ALADIN (Aire Limitée Adaptation dynamique Développement InterNational) coupled to ... ...

Abstract	The seasonal cycle and optical properties of mineral dust aerosols in northern Africa were simulated for the period from 2006 to 2010 using the numerical atmospheric model ALADIN (Aire Limitée Adaptation dynamique Développement InterNational) coupled to the surface scheme SURFEX (SURFace EXternalisée). The particularity of the simulations is that the major physical processes responsible for dust emission and transport, as well as radiative effects, are taken into account on short timescales and at mesoscale resolution. The aim of these simulations is to quantify the dust emission and deposition, locate the major areas of dust emission and establish a climatology of aerosol optical properties in northern Africa. The mean monthly aerosol optical thickness (AOT) simulated by ALADIN is compared with the AOTs derived from the standard Dark Target (DT) and Deep Blue (DB) algorithms of the Aqua-MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) products over northern Africa and with a set of sun photometer measurements located at Banizoumbou, Cinzana, Soroa, Mbour and Cape Verde. The vertical distribution of dust aerosol represented by extinction profiles is also analysed using CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) observations. The annual dust emission simulated by ALADIN over northern Africa is 878 Tg year −1 . The Bodélé Depression appears to be the main area of dust emission in northern Africa, with an average estimate of about 21.6 Tg year −1 . The simulated AOTs are in good agreement with satellite and sun photometer observations. The positions of the maxima of the modelled AOTs over northern Africa match the observed positions, and the ALADIN simulations satisfactorily reproduce the various dust events over the 2006–2010 period. The AOT climatology proposed in this paper provides a solid database of optical properties and consolidates the existing climatology over this region derived from satellites, the AERONET network and regional climate models. Moreover, the 3-D distribution of the ...
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	520
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Aerosol processing and CCN formation of an intense Saharan dust plume during the EUCAARI 2008 campaign

N. Bègue / P. Tulet / J. Pelon / B. Aouizerats / A. Berger / A. Schwarzenboeck

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 15, Iss 6, Pp 3497-

2015 Volume 3516

Abstract: Atmospheric processing and CCN formation of Saharan dust is illustrated through the analysis of a case of dust transport over northern Europe. This spread of dust is investigated by combining satellite, airborne and ground-based observations and the non- ... ...

Abstract	Atmospheric processing and CCN formation of Saharan dust is illustrated through the analysis of a case of dust transport over northern Europe. This spread of dust is investigated by combining satellite, airborne and ground-based observations and the non-hydrostatic meso-scale model Meso-NH. The altitude of the dust plume during its transport to northwestern Europe was assessed using the CALIPSO observations and our model results. The major dust plume was transported toward Mediterranean and European regions between 2 and 5 km above sea level (a.s.l.). This is confirmed by an average particle depolarization ratio equal to 30%. Due to transport, this layer split into two layers over northern Europe, and we analyzed in this paper possible mixing of the European pollution aerosol with dust particles in the lower layer. The simulations have shown that the lower dust layer has interacted with the anthropogenic aerosol mainly over Belgium and the Netherlands. The analyses of numerical simulation results show that mineral dust particles accumulated soluble material through internal mixing over the Netherlands. The value of the CCN 0.2 / CN ratio obtained over the Netherlands (~ 70%) is much greater than those observed over the Saharan region. In addition over the Netherlands, the CCN measurement reached 14 000 particles cm −3 at 0.63% supersaturation level on 30 May. Our model results reveal that more than 70% of the CCN concentration observed on 30 May can be explained by the presence of Saharan aged dust. The study reveals that heterogeneous reactions with inorganic salts converted this Saharan mineral dust into compounds that were sufficiently soluble to impact hygroscopic growth and cloud droplet activation over the Netherlands.
Keywords	Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Copernicus Publications
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