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Article ; Online: Impact of Electronic Gadgets Overuse on Myopia Progression among Young People

Pooja Singh / Pankaj Choudhary

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, Vol 17, Iss 2, Pp NC18-NC

A Prospective Study

2023 Volume 22

Abstract: Introduction: Myopia has a multifactorial aetiology, involving interplay between environmental, genetic and behavioural factors. In today’s times of digitalisation, young people are now more exposed to digital devices, which is another possible risk ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Myopia has a multifactorial aetiology, involving interplay between environmental, genetic and behavioural factors. In today’s times of digitalisation, young people are now more exposed to digital devices, which is another possible risk factor for myopia. Aim: To determine the effect of mobile and laptop overuse on progression of myopia in young people at three time points of six months interval. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Shyam Shah Medical College and associated Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India, from of January 2019 to September 2020. A total of 400 eyes of 200 myopic patients were included. All the eyes were categorised into three groups based upon degree of myopia at the time of presentation. Cycloplegic autorefraction followed by subjective refinement of refraction was done and Spherical Equivalent (SE) was calculated in time 1, time 2 and time 3. Progression of myopia was calculated as increase in myopic refraction of subject’s eye between time 1 and time 3. Questionnaire survey about amount of time spent on mobile and laptop and their working distance was done. Then task-specific-diopter-hours per day were calculated. Multivariate analysis was done to estimate the adjusted odds ratio for mobile and laptop use associated with myopia progression. Results: The present study was conducted on 200 patients having varying degree of myopia. Mean age of patients with low, moderate and high myopia was 18.62±3.18, 17.65±3.59 and 17.49±3.91 years, respectively. The male to female ratio was 1.04:1. This study documents task specific mobile and laptop diopter hours per day was significantly higher in eyes with progression as compared to no progression in low, moderate as well as in high myopes (p-value<0.05). Conclusion: In the present study, risk of progression of myopia was significantly higher in patients engaged for longer duration on mobile and laptop and at near distance. Thus, this study ...
Keywords	cycloplegic autorefraction ; spherical equivalent ; task specific diopter hour ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Revisiting the role of phenylpropanoids in plant defense against UV-B stress

Pooja Singh / Amantika Singh / Krishna Kumar Choudhary

Plant Stress, Vol 7, Iss , Pp 100143- (2023)

2023

Abstract: Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation from the past few decades has been widely studied due to the substantial depletion of the stratospheric ozone (O3) layer, causing morphological, physiological, cytological, and biochemical alterations in plants. As a potent ...

Abstract	Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation from the past few decades has been widely studied due to the substantial depletion of the stratospheric ozone (O3) layer, causing morphological, physiological, cytological, and biochemical alterations in plants. As a potent abiotic stress factor, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation has been flagged as a key factor under UV-B stress. UV-B adversely affects plant growth and development. Plants have evolved defense strategies under UV-B stress to counteract these detrimental effects. The most common protective response is an accumulation of secondary metabolites. These provide photoprotection by acting as UV-B absorbing compounds through quenching ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS).UV-B-induced metabolites share a common origin in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. These phenylpropanoids induced via UV Resistance Locus 8 (UVR8) signaling are transcriptionally regulated by MYB transcription factors (TFs) and are efficiently transported to different cellular and membrane-limited compartments. The accumulation of metabolites like flavonoids, anthocyanins, lignins and tannins in plants marks the importance of its metabolism in UV-B tolerance mechanism. Plant species responded differently to increased UV-B exposure in terms of phenylpropanoid concentration. Apart from UV-B screening agents, these are also potent ROS scavengers due to their structural composition and less reactive nature. The dynamic balance between ROS accumulation under UV-B stress and its metabolism via phenylpropanoids holds the key to the stress tolerance attributes of a plant. The present review focuses on the UV-B-induced secondary metabolites in plants, their biosynthesis, and defense strategies that will help in the elucidation of medicinally important bioactive compounds as well as in the development of UV-B tolerant plants.
Keywords	Abiotic stresses ; UV-B ; ROS ; Secondary metabolites ; Antioxidative defense ; Plant ecology ; QK900-989
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A Retrospective Study of Condylar Morphology by Digital Panoramic Radiographs

Meenakshi Bhasin / Pooja Singh / Ramesh Gupta

Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Vol 35, Iss 3, Pp 417-

2023 Volume 421

Abstract: Background: Radiographical examination of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) showing changes in the shape of the condyle. Clinicians should have anatomical knowledge to assess the morphology of the condyle. Early detection of TMJ prevents the future ... ...

Abstract	Background: Radiographical examination of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) showing changes in the shape of the condyle. Clinicians should have anatomical knowledge to assess the morphology of the condyle. Early detection of TMJ prevents the future possibility of osseous deformities. Objectives: To assess the prevalence of morphological variations in the condyles of dentate patients on digital panoramic radiographs. Methods: A total of 2364 digital panoramic radiographs were retrospectively selected from the previous patient's record that visited the Department and were observed by two radiologists for formulation of operational definitions. The OPG was evaluated for the subcondylar cysts, osteophytes, erosions, knife edges, and flattening of condyles. Morphological trends in condyles were evaluated. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 68.73% of cases showed positive condylar changes, among which 31.13% revealed osteophytes, 27.13% flattening of condyles, 26.46% erosions, knife edges, and subcondylar cysts were 8.30%, and 6.95%, respectively, and the relationship between the type of condyles and the age groups were found to be statistically significant (P value: 0.05). Conclusions: Osteophytes were found to be the most predominant feature than other condylar morphological changes so preventive measures to be taken to stop further progression of the disease.
Keywords	mandibular condyle ; osteophytes ; temporomandibular joint ; Dentistry ; RK1-715 ; Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Medication adherence

Pooja Singh

Journal of the Practice of Cardiovascular Sciences, Vol 3, Iss 1, Pp 8-

Adjunct to patient outcomes

2017 Volume 10

Abstract: Adherence to a medication regimen is generally defined as the extent to which patients take medications as prescribed by their health care providers. Approximately 50% of patients do not take their medications as prescribed. Factors contributing to poor ... ...

Abstract	Adherence to a medication regimen is generally defined as the extent to which patients take medications as prescribed by their health care providers. Approximately 50% of patients do not take their medications as prescribed. Factors contributing to poor medication adherence include those that are related to patients (eg., suboptimal health literacy and lack of involvement in the treatment decision–making process), those that are related to physicians (eg., prescription of complex drug regimens, communication barriers, ineffective communication), and those that are related to health care systems (eg., limited access to care). Because barriers to medication adherence are complex and varied, solutions to improve adherence must be multifactorial.
Keywords	Adherence ; cardiovascular disorders ; medication ; Medicine ; R ; Surgery ; RD1-811 ; Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ; RC666-701
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Rootless and prematurely erupted tooth

Pooja Singh / Manish Jha

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Vol 9, Iss 3, Pp 1741-

A case report

2020 Volume 1743

Abstract: Tooth eruption is defined as the movement of a tooth from its site of development within the alveolar process to its functional position in the oral cavity. It is a complex process that can be influenced by a number of general factors like genetics, ... ...

Abstract	Tooth eruption is defined as the movement of a tooth from its site of development within the alveolar process to its functional position in the oral cavity. It is a complex process that can be influenced by a number of general factors like genetics, nutrition, preterm birth, socioeconomic factors, hormonal factors, various systemic diseases and some local factors. Timing of tooth eruption depends on the chronologic age. Marked deviation in eruption timing and developmental stage at which tooth erupts may confuse a clinician and affect the treatment planning so knowledge of such cases helps in delivering proper treatment. This article reports a case where eruption of rootless premolar is seen in a child of 7 year of age.
Keywords	eruption ; premolar ; rootless tooth ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Conformational characterization of duplex DNA with solution-state NMR spectroscopy

Bharathwaj Sathyamoorthy / Rajesh Kumar Reddy Sannapureddi / Deepraj Negi / Pooja Singh

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Open, Vol 10, Iss , Pp 100035- (2022)

2022

Abstract: DNA is the hereditary material for living organisms. Understanding the structural features of DNA is essential to comprehend various biological processes. This review outlines the application of solution-state NMR methods to study the structure and ... ...

Abstract	DNA is the hereditary material for living organisms. Understanding the structural features of DNA is essential to comprehend various biological processes. This review outlines the application of solution-state NMR methods to study the structure and dynamics of duplex DNA. A brief overview of the context of NMR in the earlier days of nucleic acids research is discussed. Sample preparation methods and pertinent NMR measurables are introduced, followed by sequential resonance assignment protocol of DNA duplexes. A summary of results obtained from the application of NMR methodology to compare, contrast, and validate initial crystal crystallographic studies of DNA structure, especially the Drew-Dickerson dodecamer and A-tract sequences, is presented. This is followed by a survey of structural insights obtained in studies involving sequence-specific characteristics and mispairs. Results from relaxations experiments that reveal base pairs opening dynamics and short lived transient states of DNA is summarized. Overall, this review aims to introduce the atomistic characterization of DNA using NMR spectroscopy to a beginner level researcher.
Keywords	DNA ; Structure ; Dynamics ; Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ; R895-920 ; Physics ; QC1-999
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Trends and clinico-epidemiological profile of patients with Giardiasis

Nidhi Tejan / Tasneem Siddiqui / Pooja Singh / Uday C Ghoshal / Ujjala Ghoshal

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Vol 12, Iss 10, Pp 2451-

Five-year experience from a university hospital of northern India

2023 Volume 2455

Abstract: Background: Giardiasis is an important cause of diarrheal disease and is associated with morbidity in children and adults worldwide. We aimed to study the prevalence of Giardiasis, its clinical presentations, seasonal trends in detection, and coinfection ...

Abstract	Background: Giardiasis is an important cause of diarrheal disease and is associated with morbidity in children and adults worldwide. We aimed to study the prevalence of Giardiasis, its clinical presentations, seasonal trends in detection, and coinfection with other intestinal parasites along with comparison of fecal antigen and microscopy for the detection of Giardiasis. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective study conducted from Jan. 2017 to Dec. 2021 at our university hospital. Iodine and normal saline mounts and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used for the detection of Giardiasis in stool samples. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of tests were computed. Results: Of 8364 patients, 432 (5.2%) had Giardiasis by microscopy and/or ELISA. Giardiasis was more common in males compared to females (318/5613 [5.6%] vs. 114/2751 [4.1%]; P = 0.003) and among those ≤10 y compared to older individuals (102/560 [18.2%] vs. 330/7804 [4.2%]; P <0.0001). Most cases were detected in the month of May to October. The most common clinical presentation was diarrhea (80.1%) and abdominal pain (72.9%) followed by malnutrition (60.2%) and loss of appetite (46.8%). Using microscopy as gold standard, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of ELISA were 95%, 91%, 91%, 95%, and 93%, respectively. Conclusion: Awareness and knowledge amongst the primary healthcare professionals and family physicians will help in early diagnosis and treatment of Giardiasis. Fecal antigen detection should be done along with microscopy for detection of Giardiasis.
Keywords	diarrheal disease ; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; epidemiology ; giardiasis ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Gene coexpression networks reveal molecular interactions underlying cichlid jaw modularity

Pooja Singh / Ehsan Pashay Ahi / Christian Sturmbauer

BMC Ecology and Evolution, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 17

Abstract: Abstract Background The oral and pharyngeal jaw of cichlid fishes are a classic example of evolutionary modularity as their functional decoupling boosted trophic diversification and contributed to the success of cichlid adaptive radiations. Most studies ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background The oral and pharyngeal jaw of cichlid fishes are a classic example of evolutionary modularity as their functional decoupling boosted trophic diversification and contributed to the success of cichlid adaptive radiations. Most studies until now have focused on the functional, morphological, or genetic aspects of cichlid jaw modularity. Here we extend this concept to include transcriptional modularity by sequencing whole transcriptomes of the two jaws and comparing their gene coexpression networks. Results We show that transcriptional decoupling of gene expression underlies the functional decoupling of cichlid oral and pharyngeal jaw apparatus and the two units are evolving independently in recently diverged cichlid species from Lake Tanganyika. Oral and pharyngeal jaw coexpression networks reflect the common origin of the jaw regulatory program as there is high preservation of gene coexpression modules between the two sets of jaws. However, there is substantial rewiring of genetic architecture within those modules. We define a global jaw coexpression network and highlight jaw-specific and species-specific modules within it. Furthermore, we annotate a comprehensive in silico gene regulatory network linking the Wnt and AHR signalling pathways to jaw morphogenesis and response to environmental cues, respectively. Components of these pathways are significantly differentially expressed between the oral and pharyngeal jaw apparatus. Conclusion This study describes the concerted expression of many genes in cichlid oral and pharyngeal jaw apparatus at the onset of the independent life of cichlid fishes. Our findings suggest that – on the basis of an ancestral gill arch network—transcriptional rewiring may have driven the modular evolution of the oral and pharyngeal jaws, highlighting the evolutionary significance of gene network reuse. The gene coexpression and in silico regulatory networks presented here are intended as resource for future studies on the genetics of vertebrate jaw morphogenesis and ...
Keywords	Modularity ; Coexpression network ; Jaw morphogenesis ; Trophic adaptation ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5 ; Evolution ; QH359-425
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Factors explaining the dominion status of female sterilization in India over the past two decades (1992-2016)

Pragya Singh / Kaushalendra Kumar Singh / Pooja Singh

PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 3, p e

A multilevel study.

2021 Volume 0246530

Abstract: Background Female sterilization is a permanent method of contraception practiced widely in India. Though, the important evidences of behavior of contraceptives is widespread in the literature, relatively less research has been conducted that explores ... ...

Abstract	Background Female sterilization is a permanent method of contraception practiced widely in India. Though, the important evidences of behavior of contraceptives is widespread in the literature, relatively less research has been conducted that explores particularly female sterilization method and how its behavior has remained dominant over the past two decades. The present study aims to examine how the level of women's socio-demographic and fertility related characteristics intersect to shape the behavior for the dominance of female sterilization. Methods This study was based on pooled data from 1992-93, 1998-99, 2005-06 and 2015-16 India's DHS (NFHS) surveys. The outcome variable of the study was different types of contraceptive methods used. Multinomial logistic model has been applied to examine the relationship between the dependent variable and the explanatory variables. The software STATA version14 has been used for the entire analysis. Result The result of this study clearly demonstrates the evidence of continuing sterilization dominance in the India's family planning program. The choice of different types of contraceptive methods is influenced by the longstanding heterogeneity of population associated with religion and the caste system. Reliance over female sterilization was observed in almost all parts of the country with southern India being the leading zone. Women in the lowest wealth quintile, uneducated, higher parity, and less exposed to media were more likely to use sterilization as a method of birth control. Conclusion The study was successful in identifying the factors behind the excessive dependency on female sterilization and also highlights the weakness of family planning program to promote other useful modern methods over the past two decades.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Impacts of green manure on crop yield, nitrogen leaching and nitrous oxide emissions in sandy and clay soil lysimeters

Kristiina Regina / Hannu Känkänen / Pooja Singh

Agricultural and Food Science, Vol 30, Iss

2021 Volume 2

Abstract: We compared wheat yield, losses of nitrogen (N) in leaching, and gaseous losses as nitrous oxide (N2O) in silt and sand soil lysimeters. The studied cultivation systems were based on mineral fertilizer or mineral fertilizer together with clover green ... ...

Abstract	We compared wheat yield, losses of nitrogen (N) in leaching, and gaseous losses as nitrous oxide (N2O) in silt and sand soil lysimeters. The studied cultivation systems were based on mineral fertilizer or mineral fertilizer together with clover green manure mulched at three different time points (August, October or May) before sowing of the main crop (either winter or spring wheat). Replacing 50–60% of mineral fertilizer N with green manure from a mixture of three clover species did not compromise the crop yield of winter or spring wheat. The results suggest that mulching of the green manure in the spring succeeding its sowing is the most beneficial practice with respect to environmental impacts. Total N leaching was higher from sandy soil than from silt loam whereas emissions of N2O were higher from the silt soil. Residual N from the clover biomass did not lead to an increase in leaching losses of N during the growing season or one year from the harvest. However, the residual N can be a source of high N2O emissions during the winter period in boreal climatic conditions.
Keywords	Agriculture ; S ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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