Article ; Online: Direct AKT activation in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes markedly increases interferon-γ (IFN-γ) for the regression of tumors resistant to PD-1 checkpoint blockade.
2022 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 18509
Abstract: PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade against inhibitory receptors such as receptor programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), has revolutionized cancer treatment. Effective immune reactivity against tumour antigens requires the infiltration and activation of tumour- ... ...
Abstract | PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade against inhibitory receptors such as receptor programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), has revolutionized cancer treatment. Effective immune reactivity against tumour antigens requires the infiltration and activation of tumour-infiltrating T-cells (TILs). In this context, ligation of the antigen-receptor complex (TCR) in combination with the co-receptor CD28 activates the intracellular mediator AKT (or PKB, protein kinase B) and its downstream targets. PD-1 inhibits the activation of AKT/PKB. Given this, we assessed whether the direct activation of AKT might be effective in activating the immune system to limit the growth of tumors that are resistant to PD-1 checkpoint blockade. We found that the small molecule activator of AKT (SC79) limited growth of a B16 tumor and an EMT-6 syngeneic breast tumor model that are poorly responsive to PD-1 immunotherapy. In the case of B16 tumors, direct AKT activation induced (i) a reduction of suppressor regulatory (Treg) TILs and (ii) an increase in effector CD8+ TILs. SC79 in vivo therapy caused a major increase in the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs to express interferon-γ (IFN-γ). This effect on IFN-γ expression distinguished responsive from non-responsive anti-tumor responses and could be recapitulated ex vivo with human T-cells. In CD4+FoxP3+Treg TILs, AKT induced IFN-γ expression was accompanied by a loss of suppressor activity, the conversation to CD4 |
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MeSH term(s) | Humans ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Neoplasms/pathology |
Chemical Substances | Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1) |
Language | English |
Publishing date | 2022-11-02 |
Publishing country | England |
Document type | Journal Article |
ZDB-ID | 2615211-3 |
ISSN | 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322 |
ISSN (online) | 2045-2322 |
ISSN | 2045-2322 |
DOI | 10.1038/s41598-022-23016-z |
Database | MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE |
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