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  1. Article ; Online: Direct AKT activation in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes markedly increases interferon-γ (IFN-γ) for the regression of tumors resistant to PD-1 checkpoint blockade.

    Santinon, François / Ezzahra, Bennani Fatima / Bachais, Meriem / Sarabia Pacis, Alain / Rudd, Christopher E

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 18509

    Abstract: PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade against inhibitory receptors such as receptor programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), has revolutionized cancer treatment. Effective immune reactivity against tumour antigens requires the infiltration and activation of tumour- ... ...

    Abstract PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade against inhibitory receptors such as receptor programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), has revolutionized cancer treatment. Effective immune reactivity against tumour antigens requires the infiltration and activation of tumour-infiltrating T-cells (TILs). In this context, ligation of the antigen-receptor complex (TCR) in combination with the co-receptor CD28 activates the intracellular mediator AKT (or PKB, protein kinase B) and its downstream targets. PD-1 inhibits the activation of AKT/PKB. Given this, we assessed whether the direct activation of AKT might be effective in activating the immune system to limit the growth of tumors that are resistant to PD-1 checkpoint blockade. We found that the small molecule activator of AKT (SC79) limited growth of a B16 tumor and an EMT-6 syngeneic breast tumor model that are poorly responsive to PD-1 immunotherapy. In the case of B16 tumors, direct AKT activation induced (i) a reduction of suppressor regulatory (Treg) TILs and (ii) an increase in effector CD8+ TILs. SC79 in vivo therapy caused a major increase in the numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs to express interferon-γ (IFN-γ). This effect on IFN-γ expression distinguished responsive from non-responsive anti-tumor responses and could be recapitulated ex vivo with human T-cells. In CD4+FoxP3+Treg TILs, AKT induced IFN-γ expression was accompanied by a loss of suppressor activity, the conversation to CD4
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Neoplasms/pathology
    Chemical Substances Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Interferon-gamma (82115-62-6) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-23016-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Genome graphs detect human polymorphisms in active epigenomic state during influenza infection.

    Groza, Cristian / Chen, Xun / Pacis, Alain / Simon, Marie-Michelle / Pramatarova, Albena / Aracena, Katherine A / Pastinen, Tomi / Barreiro, Luis B / Bourque, Guillaume

    Cell genomics

    2023  Volume 3, Issue 5, Page(s) 100294

    Abstract: Genetic variants, including mobile element insertions (MEIs), are known to impact the epigenome. We hypothesized that genome graphs, which encapsulate genetic diversity, could reveal missing epigenomic signals. To test this, we sequenced the epigenome of ...

    Abstract Genetic variants, including mobile element insertions (MEIs), are known to impact the epigenome. We hypothesized that genome graphs, which encapsulate genetic diversity, could reveal missing epigenomic signals. To test this, we sequenced the epigenome of monocyte-derived macrophages from 35 ancestrally diverse individuals before and after influenza infection, allowing us to investigate the role of MEIs in immunity. We characterized genetic variants and MEIs using linked reads and built a genome graph. Mapping epigenetic data revealed 2.3%-3% novel peaks for H3K4me1, H3K27ac chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq), and ATAC-seq. Additionally, the use of a genome graph modified some quantitative trait loci estimates and revealed 375 polymorphic MEIs in an active epigenomic state. Among these is an AluYh3 polymorphism whose chromatin state changed after infection and was associated with the expression of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2666-979X
    ISSN (online) 2666-979X
    DOI 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100294
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: EpiVar Browser: advanced exploration of epigenomics data under controlled access.

    Lougheed, David R / Liu, Hanshi / Aracena, Katherine A / Grégoire, Romain / Pacis, Alain / Pastinen, Tomi / Barreiro, Luis B / Joly, Yann / Bujold, David / Bourque, Guillaume

    Bioinformatics (Oxford, England)

    2024  Volume 40, Issue 3

    Abstract: Motivation: Human epigenomic data has been generated by large consortia for thousands of cell types to be used as a reference map of normal and disease chromatin states. Since epigenetic data contains potentially identifiable information, similarly to ... ...

    Abstract Motivation: Human epigenomic data has been generated by large consortia for thousands of cell types to be used as a reference map of normal and disease chromatin states. Since epigenetic data contains potentially identifiable information, similarly to genetic data, most raw files generated by these consortia are stored in controlled-access databases. It is important to protect identifiable information, but this should not hinder secure sharing of these valuable datasets.
    Results: Guided by the Framework for responsible sharing of genomic and health-related data from the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH), we have developed an approach and a tool to facilitate the exploration of epigenomics datasets' aggregate results, while filtering out identifiable information. Specifically, the EpiVar Browser allows a user to navigate an epigenetic dataset from a cohort of individuals and enables direct exploration of genotype-chromatin phenotype relationships. Because individual genotypes and epigenetic signal tracks are not directly accessible, and rather aggregated in the portal output, no identifiable data is released, yet the interface allows for dynamic genotype-epigenome interrogation. This approach has the potential to accelerate analyses that would otherwise require a lengthy multi-step approval process and provides a generalizable strategy to facilitate responsible access to sensitive epigenomics data.
    Availability and implementation: Online portal: https://computationalgenomics.ca/tools/epivar; EpiVar Browser source code: https://github.com/c3g/epivar-browser; bw-merge-window tool source code: https://github.com/c3g/bw-merge-window.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Epigenomics/methods ; Software ; Genome ; Genomics ; Chromatin/genetics
    Chemical Substances Chromatin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1422668-6
    ISSN 1367-4811 ; 1367-4803
    ISSN (online) 1367-4811
    ISSN 1367-4803
    DOI 10.1093/bioinformatics/btae136
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis of Cells from Degenerating and Non-Degenerating Intervertebral Discs from the Same Individual Reveals New Biomarkers for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration.

    Cherif, Hosni / Mannarino, Matthew / Pacis, Alain Sarabia / Ragoussis, Jiannis / Rabau, Oded / Ouellet, Jean A / Haglund, Lisbet

    International journal of molecular sciences

    2022  Volume 23, Issue 7

    Abstract: In this study, we used single-cell transcriptomic analysis to identify new specific biomarkers for nucleus pulposus (NP) and inner annulus fibrosis (iAF) cells, and to define cell populations within non-degenerating (nD) and degenerating (D) human ... ...

    Abstract In this study, we used single-cell transcriptomic analysis to identify new specific biomarkers for nucleus pulposus (NP) and inner annulus fibrosis (iAF) cells, and to define cell populations within non-degenerating (nD) and degenerating (D) human intervertebral discs (IVD) of the same individual. Cluster analysis based on differential gene expression delineated 14 cell clusters. Gene expression profiles at single-cell resolution revealed the potential functional differences linked to degeneration, and among NP and iAF subpopulations. GO and KEGG analyses discovered molecular functions, biological processes, and transcription factors linked to cell type and degeneration state. We propose two lists of biomarkers, one as specific cell type, including
    MeSH term(s) Biomarkers/metabolism ; Cell Cycle Proteins/metabolism ; Chitinases/metabolism ; F-Box Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc/metabolism ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/genetics ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/metabolism ; Lectins, C-Type/metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism ; Nucleus Pulposus/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, RNA
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; CLEC3A protein, human ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; F-Box Proteins ; FBXO2 protein, human ; Lectins, C-Type ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; CHI3L2 protein, human (EC 3.2.1.14) ; Chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-03
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2019364-6
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    ISSN (online) 1422-0067
    ISSN 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
    DOI 10.3390/ijms23073993
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Transposable elements are associated with the variable response to influenza infection.

    Chen, Xun / Pacis, Alain / Aracena, Katherine A / Gona, Saideep / Kwan, Tony / Groza, Cristian / Lin, Yen Lung / Sindeaux, Renata / Yotova, Vania / Pramatarova, Albena / Simon, Marie-Michelle / Pastinen, Tomi / Barreiro, Luis B / Bourque, Guillaume

    Cell genomics

    2023  Volume 3, Issue 5, Page(s) 100292

    Abstract: Influenza A virus (IAV) infections are frequent every year and result in a range of disease severity. Here, we wanted to explore the potential contribution of transposable elements (TEs) to the variable human immune response. Transcriptome profiling in ... ...

    Abstract Influenza A virus (IAV) infections are frequent every year and result in a range of disease severity. Here, we wanted to explore the potential contribution of transposable elements (TEs) to the variable human immune response. Transcriptome profiling in monocyte-derived macrophages from 39 individuals following IAV infection revealed significant inter-individual variation in viral load post-infection. Using transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing (ATAC-seq), we identified a set of TE families with either enhanced or reduced accessibility upon infection. Of the enhanced families, 15 showed high variability between individuals and had distinct epigenetic profiles. Motif analysis showed an association with known immune regulators (e.g., BATFs, FOSs/JUNs, IRFs, STATs, NFkBs, NFYs, and RELs) in stably enriched families and with other factors in variable families, including KRAB-ZNFs. We showed that TEs and host factors regulating TEs were predictive of viral load post-infection. Our findings shed light on the role TEs and KRAB-ZNFs may play in inter-individual variation in immunity.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2666-979X
    ISSN (online) 2666-979X
    DOI 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100292
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: EpiVar Browser: advanced exploration of epigenomics data under controlled access.

    Lougheed, David R / Liu, Hanshi / Aracena, Katherine A / Grégoire, Romain / Pacis, Alain / Pastinen, Tomi / Barreiro, Luis B / Joly, Yann / Bujold, David / Bourque, Guillaume

    bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

    2023  

    Abstract: Motivation: Human epigenomic data has been generated by large consortia for thousands of cell types to be used as a reference map of normal and disease chromatin states. Since epigenetic data contains potentially identifiable information, similarly to ... ...

    Abstract Motivation: Human epigenomic data has been generated by large consortia for thousands of cell types to be used as a reference map of normal and disease chromatin states. Since epigenetic data contains potentially identifiable information, similarly to genetic data, most raw files generated by these consortia are stored in controlled-access databases. It is important to protect identifiable information, but this should not hinder secure sharing of these valuable datasets.
    Results: Guided by the
    Availability and implementation: Online portal instance: https://computationalgenomics.ca/tools/epivarSource code: https://github.com/c3g/epivar-browser.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Preprint
    DOI 10.1101/2023.08.03.551309
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Folliculin impairs breast tumor growth by repressing TFE3-dependent induction of the Warburg effect and angiogenesis.

    El-Houjeiri, Leeanna / Biondini, Marco / Paquette, Mathieu / Kuasne, Helen / Pacis, Alain / Park, Morag / Siegel, Peter M / Pause, Arnim

    The Journal of clinical investigation

    2021  Volume 131, Issue 22

    Abstract: Growing tumors exist in metabolically compromised environments that require activation of multiple pathways to scavenge nutrients to support accelerated rates of growth. The folliculin (FLCN) tumor suppressor complex (FLCN, FNIP1, FNIP2) is implicated in ...

    Abstract Growing tumors exist in metabolically compromised environments that require activation of multiple pathways to scavenge nutrients to support accelerated rates of growth. The folliculin (FLCN) tumor suppressor complex (FLCN, FNIP1, FNIP2) is implicated in the regulation of energy homeostasis via 2 metabolic master kinases: AMPK and mTORC1. Loss-of-function mutations of the FLCN tumor suppressor complex have only been reported in renal tumors in patients with the rare Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome. Here, we revealed that FLCN, FNIP1, and FNIP2 are downregulated in many human cancers, including poor-prognosis invasive basal-like breast carcinomas where AMPK and TFE3 targets are activated compared with the luminal, less aggressive subtypes. FLCN loss in luminal breast cancer promoted tumor growth through TFE3 activation and subsequent induction of several pathways, including autophagy, lysosomal biogenesis, aerobic glycolysis, and angiogenesis. Strikingly, induction of aerobic glycolysis and angiogenesis in FLCN-deficient cells was dictated by the activation of the PGC-1α/HIF-1α pathway, which we showed to be TFE3 dependent, directly linking TFE3 to Warburg metabolic reprogramming and angiogenesis. Conversely, FLCN overexpression in invasive basal-like breast cancer models attenuated TFE3 nuclear localization, TFE3-dependent transcriptional activity, and tumor growth. These findings support a general role of a deregulated FLCN/TFE3 tumor suppressor pathway in human cancers.
    MeSH term(s) AMP-Activated Protein Kinases/physiology ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/physiology ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Female ; Humans ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/physiology ; Warburg Effect, Oncologic
    Chemical Substances Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors ; FLCN protein, human ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; TFE3 protein, human ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.31)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 3067-3
    ISSN 1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
    ISSN (online) 1558-8238
    ISSN 0021-9738
    DOI 10.1172/JCI144871
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: A coordinated progression of progenitor cell states initiates urinary tract development.

    Sanchez-Ferras, Oraly / Pacis, Alain / Sotiropoulou, Maria / Zhang, Yuhong / Wang, Yu Chang / Bourgey, Mathieu / Bourque, Guillaume / Ragoussis, Jiannis / Bouchard, Maxime

    Nature communications

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 2627

    Abstract: The kidney and upper urinary tract develop through reciprocal interactions between the ureteric bud and the surrounding mesenchyme. Ureteric bud branching forms the arborized collecting duct system of the kidney, while ureteric tips promote nephron ... ...

    Abstract The kidney and upper urinary tract develop through reciprocal interactions between the ureteric bud and the surrounding mesenchyme. Ureteric bud branching forms the arborized collecting duct system of the kidney, while ureteric tips promote nephron formation from dedicated progenitor cells. While nephron progenitor cells are relatively well characterized, the origin of ureteric bud progenitors has received little attention so far. It is well established that the ureteric bud is induced from the nephric duct, an epithelial duct derived from the intermediate mesoderm of the embryo. However, the cell state transitions underlying the progression from intermediate mesoderm to nephric duct and ureteric bud remain unknown. Here we show that nephric duct morphogenesis results from the coordinated organization of four major progenitor cell populations. Using single cell RNA-seq and Cluster RNA-seq, we show that these progenitors emerge in time and space according to a stereotypical pattern. We identify the transcription factors Tfap2a/b and Gata3 as critical coordinators of this progenitor cell progression. This study provides a better understanding of the cellular origin of the renal collecting duct system and associated urinary tract developmental diseases, which may inform guided differentiation of functional kidney tissue.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian ; Female ; GATA3 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Animal ; Nephrons/embryology ; Organogenesis/genetics ; RNA-Seq ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Stem Cells/physiology ; Transcription Factor AP-2/metabolism
    Chemical Substances GATA3 Transcription Factor ; Gata3 protein, mouse ; Tfap2a protein, mouse ; Tfap2b protein, mouse ; Transcription Factor AP-2
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-11
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-021-22931-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Pancreatic Cancer Progression in a Patient With Lynch Syndrome Receiving Immunotherapy: A Cautionary Tale.

    Wang, Yifan / Cuggia, Adeline / Pacis, Alain / Boileau, Jean-Christian / Marcus, Victoria A / Gao, Zu-Hua / Chong, George / Foulkes, William D / Zogopoulos, George

    Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN

    2021  Volume 19, Issue 8, Page(s) 883–887

    Abstract: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) with DNA mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd) respond preferentially to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, a subset of MMRd PDACs does not respond to these agents. This report describes a patient with ... ...

    Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs) with DNA mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd) respond preferentially to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, a subset of MMRd PDACs does not respond to these agents. This report describes a patient with PDAC who experienced rapid disease progression suggestive of hyperprogressive disease. The case involved a 63-year-old man carrying a pathogenic germline PMS2 mutation who developed metastatic PDAC. His tumor showed isolated loss of PMS2 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). He was treated with pembrolizumab, but his disease rapidly progressed. Whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing of a liver metastasis biopsy, acquired at disease progression, showed a retained wild-type PMS2 allele and hallmarks of microsatellite stability, including low tumor mutational burden and low MSIsensor score. PCR-based microsatellite instability (MSI) testing of the treatment-naïve tumor showed microsatellite stability. The ICI-treated tumor had a lower density of CD8+ T-cell infiltration than the treatment-naïve tumor, which is contrary to the expected evolution with ICI responsiveness. Through this case and a review of the literature, we highlight the low penetrance of PMS2 germline mutations in PDAC and discuss pitfalls in ascertaining MMRd and MSI based on IHC testing alone. An orthogonal confirmatory assay is warranted in the presence of uncommon immunophenotypes, such as isolated PMS2 loss, to optimize selection of patients with PDAC for immunotherapy.
    MeSH term(s) Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/diagnosis ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis/therapy ; DNA Mismatch Repair/genetics ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Male ; Microsatellite Instability ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/therapy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2250759-0
    ISSN 1540-1413 ; 1540-1405
    ISSN (online) 1540-1413
    ISSN 1540-1405
    DOI 10.6004/jnccn.2021.7049
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Epigenetic variation impacts individual differences in the transcriptional response to influenza infection.

    Aracena, Katherine A / Lin, Yen-Lung / Luo, Kaixuan / Pacis, Alain / Gona, Saideep / Mu, Zepeng / Yotova, Vania / Sindeaux, Renata / Pramatarova, Albena / Simon, Marie-Michelle / Chen, Xun / Groza, Cristian / Lougheed, David / Gregoire, Romain / Brownlee, David / Boye, Carly / Pique-Regi, Roger / Li, Yang / He, Xin /
    Bujold, David / Pastinen, Tomi / Bourque, Guillaume / Barreiro, Luis B

    Nature genetics

    2024  Volume 56, Issue 3, Page(s) 408–419

    Abstract: Humans display remarkable interindividual variation in their immune response to identical challenges. Yet, our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to such variation remains limited. Here we performed in-depth genetic, ... ...

    Abstract Humans display remarkable interindividual variation in their immune response to identical challenges. Yet, our understanding of the genetic and epigenetic factors contributing to such variation remains limited. Here we performed in-depth genetic, epigenetic and transcriptional profiling on primary macrophages derived from individuals of European and African ancestry before and after infection with influenza A virus. We show that baseline epigenetic profiles are strongly predictive of the transcriptional response to influenza A virus across individuals. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping revealed highly coordinated genetic effects on gene regulation, with many cis-acting genetic variants impacting concomitantly gene expression and multiple epigenetic marks. These data reveal that ancestry-associated differences in the epigenetic landscape can be genetically controlled, even more than gene expression. Lastly, among QTL variants that colocalized with immune-disease loci, only 7% were gene expression QTL, while the remaining genetic variants impact epigenetic marks, stressing the importance of considering molecular phenotypes beyond gene expression in disease-focused studies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Influenza, Human/genetics ; Individuality ; Quantitative Trait Loci/genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Epigenesis, Genetic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1108734-1
    ISSN 1546-1718 ; 1061-4036
    ISSN (online) 1546-1718
    ISSN 1061-4036
    DOI 10.1038/s41588-024-01668-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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