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Book ; Online: Recent Interferometry Applications in Topography and Astronomy

Padron, Ivan

2012

Keywords	Optical physics ; Laser physics
Size	1 electronic resource (232 pages)
Publisher	IntechOpen
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	English ; Open Access
HBZ-ID	HT021049880
ISBN	9789535149866 ; 9535149865
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Book ; Online: Interferometry : Research and Applications in Science and Technology

Padron, Ivan

2012

Keywords	Optical physics ; Laser physics
Size	1 electronic resource (476 pages)
Publisher	IntechOpen
Document type	Book ; Online
Note	English ; Open Access
HBZ-ID	HT021044822
ISBN	9789535149859 ; 9535149857
Database	ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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Article: Negation and social avoidance in language recruits the right inferior frontal gyrus: a tDCS study.

García-Marco, Enrique / Nuez Trujillo, Aarón / Padrón, Iván / Ravelo, Yennifer / Fu, Yang / Marrero, Hipólito

Frontiers in psychology

2024 Volume 15, Page(s) 1356030

Abstract: Introduction: In the process of comprehension, linguistic negation induces inhibition of negated scenarios. Numerous studies have highlighted the role of the right Inferior Frontal Gyrus (rIFG) - a key component of the inhibitory network - in negation ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: In the process of comprehension, linguistic negation induces inhibition of negated scenarios. Numerous studies have highlighted the role of the right Inferior Frontal Gyrus (rIFG) - a key component of the inhibitory network - in negation processing. Social avoidance can be linguistically portrayed using attitudinal verbs such as "exclude" vs. "include", which inherently carry negative connotations. Consequently, we hypothesize that the interplay between explicit negation and the implicit negativity of avoidance verbs can be modulated via transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the rIFG. Methods: In our study, sixty-four participants read approach/avoidance sentences, which were either affirmative or negative, such as "Anne included (did not include) meat in her diet" vs. "Anne excluded (did not exclude) meat in her diet". This reading task followed a 20-minute tDCS session. The sentences were sequentially displayed, and at 1500 ms post-sentence, a verb was shown - either the one previously mentioned or its semantic alternative counterpart (e.g., included vs. excluded). Results: Findings revealed that anodal stimulation intensifies the inhibitory impact of negation during sentence comprehension. Under anodal conditions, negative sentences led to extended reading times for the mentioned verbs compared to their affirmative counterparts, suggesting an increased inhibitory effect on the verb. Furthermore, in avoidance sentences, anodal stimulation resulted in reduced reading times for alternative verbs (e.g. "included") in negative sentences compared to alternative verbs (e.g. "excluded") in negated approach sentences. Discussion: As "avoidance" is semantically equivalent to "non-approach", the inhibitory effect of negation is primarily applied to the implicit negation: NOT EXCLUDED = NOT→NOT (INCLUDED), which consequently activates the representation of the alternative verb making it more available. We further discuss these findings in light of the rIFG's pivotal role in processing attitudinal verbs and linguistic negation. This discussion is framed within the overarching context of the two-step model of negation processing, highlighting its significance in the realm of social communication.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2563826-9
ISSN	1664-1078
ISSN	1664-1078
DOI	10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1356030
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Applying Deep Learning on a Few EEG Electrodes during Resting State Reveals Depressive States. A Data Driven Study.

Jan, Damián / de Vega, Manuel / López-Pigüi, Joana / Padrón, Iván

Brain sciences

2022 Volume 12, Issue 11

Abstract: The growing number of depressive people and the overload in primary care services make it necessary to identify depressive states with easily accessible biomarkers such as mobile electroencephalography (EEG). Some studies have addressed this issue by ... ...

Abstract	The growing number of depressive people and the overload in primary care services make it necessary to identify depressive states with easily accessible biomarkers such as mobile electroencephalography (EEG). Some studies have addressed this issue by collecting and analyzing EEG resting state in a search of appropriate features and classification methods. Traditionally, EEG resting state classification methods for depression were mainly based on linear or a combination of linear and non-linear features. We hypothesize that participants with ongoing depressive states differ from controls in complex patterns of brain dynamics that can be captured in EEG resting state data, using only nonlinear measures on a few electrodes, making it possible to develop cheap and wearable devices that could be even monitored through smartphones. To validate such a perspective, a resting-state EEG study was conducted with 50 participants, half with depressive state (DEP) and half controls (CTL). A data-driven approach was applied to select the most appropriate time window and electrodes for the EEG analyses, as suggested by Giacometti⁠, as well as the most efficient nonlinear features and classifiers, to distinguish between CTL and DEP participants. Nonlinear features showing temporo-spatial and spectral complexity were selected. The results confirmed that computing nonlinear features from a few selected electrodes in a 15 s time window are sufficient to classify DEP and CTL participants accurately. Finally, after training and testing internally the classifier, the trained machine was applied to EEG resting state data (CTL and DEP) from a publicly available database, validating the capacity of generalization of the classifier with data from different equipment, population, and environment obtaining an accuracy near 100%.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651993-8
ISSN	2076-3425
ISSN	2076-3425
DOI	10.3390/brainsci12111506
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Effect of transcranialdirect current stimulation on the right brain temporal area on processing approach and avoidance attitudes with negation.

Nuez, Aarón / Padrón, Iván / Reyes-Moreno, Cristian / Marrero, Hipólito

Frontiers in human neuroscience

2022 Volume 16, Page(s) 971051

Abstract: Language describes approach/avoidance intentionality by means of attitudinal verbs (e.g., accept vs. reject). The right superior temporal sulcus (rSTS) has been shown to be recruited in processing action goals and approach intentionality in social ... ...

Abstract	Language describes approach/avoidance intentionality by means of attitudinal verbs (e.g., accept vs. reject). The right superior temporal sulcus (rSTS) has been shown to be recruited in processing action goals and approach intentionality in social contexts. In this study, we examine whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of this area improves the processing of attitudinal verbs (either of approach or avoidance) in the context of affirmative and negative sentences [e.g., Julio (did not)/included meat on the grocery list]. After being subjected to tDCS, 46 participants were given sentences for passive reading. Sentences were displayed in segments with a fixed time of exposition, and a verb, either the one mentioned in the sentence or an alternative one was displayed 1,500 ms after the sentence (e.g., included vs. excluded, in the example). Participants were told to read them and then press the space bar to continue the experiment. Results showed shorter latencies for approach verbs that were either mentioned in approach sentences or the alternatives in avoidance sentences, both in affirmative and negative versions under anodal conditions compared to sham conditions. Thus, the anodal stimulation of rSTS affected the accessibility of approach verbs that were not modulated either by being mentioned or by sentence polarity. In addition, mentioned verbs had shorter reading times than the alternative ones in negative sentences in the anodal vs. sham condition. This suggests that stimulation caused an effect of negation in the activation of the mentioned verb. Implications are discussed in the context of the role of the rSTS in processing attitudinal verbs and negation to understand better approach and avoidance mediated by language in the framework of the two-step model of negation processing.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2425477-0
ISSN	1662-5161
ISSN	1662-5161
DOI	10.3389/fnhum.2022.971051
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Personality Traits Modulate the Effect of tDCS on Reading Speed of Social Sentences.

Reyes, Cristian / Padrón, Iván / Nila Yagual, Sara / Marrero, Hipólito

Brain sciences

2021 Volume 11, Issue 11

Abstract: In this case, 62 university students participated in the study, in which a between-subjects design was adopted. Participants were also given the behavioral approach system (BAS) and behavioral inhibition system (BIS) scales. Participants had to read a ... ...

Abstract	In this case, 62 university students participated in the study, in which a between-subjects design was adopted. Participants were also given the behavioral approach system (BAS) and behavioral inhibition system (BIS) scales. Participants had to read a list of 60 sentences with interpersonal and neutral content: 20 approach ("Pedro accepted Rosa in Whatsapp"), 20 avoidance ("Pedro Blocked Rosa in Whatsapp") and 20 neutral ("Marta thought about the causes of the problem"). After reading them, they were subjected to 20 min of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in one of the two conditions: anodal (31) or sham (31). After tDCS, they had to read other list of 60 sentences matched in approach, avoidance and neutral contents with the former list. We found significant improvement in reading speed after anodal stimulation for social and neutral sentences. Regarding affective traits, we found that anodal stimulation benefitted reading speed in low-BIS and low-BAS participants and had no effect in either high BAS or high BIS participants. In addition, tDCS improvement in reading speed was significantly lower in avoidance sentences in low-BIS (avoidance) participants. We discuss these results at the light of previous research and highlight the importance of approach and avoidance traits as moderators of tDCS effects.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651993-8
ISSN	2076-3425
ISSN	2076-3425
DOI	10.3390/brainsci11111464
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Effect of transcranialdirect current stimulation on the right brain temporal area on processing approach and avoidance attitudes with negation

Nuez, Aarón / Padrón, Iván / Reyes-Moreno, Cristian / Marrero, Hipólito

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience

2022

Title translation	Auswirkung der transkraniellen Gleichstromstimulation des rechten temporalen Gehirnareals auf die Verarbeitung von Annäherungs- und Vermeidungshaltungen bei Verneinung
Abstract	Language describes approach/avoidance intentionality by means of attitudinal verbs (e.g., accept vs. reject). The right superior temporal sulcus (rSTS) has been shown to be recruited in processing action goals and approach intentionality in social contexts. In this study, we examine whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of this area improves the processing of attitudinal verbs (either of approach or avoidance) in the context of affirmative and negative sentences [e.g., Julio (did not)/included meat on the grocery list]. After being subjected to tDCS, 46 participants were given sentences for passive reading. Sentences were displayed in segments with a fixed time of exposition, and a verb, either the one mentioned in the sentence or an alternative one was displayed 1,500 ms after the sentence (e.g., included vs. excluded, in the example). Participants were told to read them and then press the space bar to continue the experiment. Results showed shorter latencies for approach verbs that were either mentioned in approach sentences or the alternatives in avoidance sentences, both in affirmative and negative versions under anodal conditions compared to sham conditions. Thus, the anodal stimulation of rSTS affected the accessibility of approach verbs that were not modulated either by being mentioned or by sentence polarity. In addition, mentioned verbs had shorter reading times than the alternative ones in negative sentences in the anodal vs. sham condition. This suggests that stimulation caused an effect of negation in the activation of the mentioned verb. Implications are discussed in the context of the role of the rSTS in processing attitudinal verbs and negation to understand better approach and avoidance mediated by language in the framework of the two-step model of negation processing.
Keywords	Annäherungs-Vermeidungs-Konflikt ; Annäherungsverhalten ; Approach Avoidance ; Approach Behavior ; Cognitive Processes ; Electrical Brain Stimulation ; Elektrische Hirnstimulation ; Kognitive Prozesse ; Lesen ; Reading ; Rechte Gehirnhälfte ; Right Hemisphere ; Satzverständnis ; Sentence Comprehension ; Temporal Lobe ; Temporallappen (Gehirn) ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation ; Transkranielle Gleichstromstimulation
Language	English
Document type	Article
DOI	10.3389/fnhum.2022.971051
Database	PSYNDEX

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Article ; Online: Amantadine and/or transcranial magnetic stimulation for fatigue associated with multiple sclerosis (FETEM): study protocol for a phase 3 randomised, double-blind, cross-over, controlled clinical trial.

Matias-Guiu, Jordi A / González-Rosa, Javier / Hernández, Miguel Ángel / Martínez-Ginés, Maria Luisa / Portolés, Antonio / Pérez-Macías, Natalia / Benito-León, Julián / Padrón, Iván / Prieto, Julio / Matias-Guiu, Jorge

BMJ open

2024 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) e078661

Abstract: Introduction: Fatigue is one of the most disabling symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), and effective treatments are lacking. Amantadine is one of the most used treatments, although its efficacy is under debate. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Fatigue is one of the most disabling symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS), and effective treatments are lacking. Amantadine is one of the most used treatments, although its efficacy is under debate. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising intervention that has shown positive effects in some preliminary investigations. We aim to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of amantadine and/or TMS in fatigue due to MS. Methods and analysis: The study is a national, multicentre, phase 3, randomised, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled and sham-controlled clinical trial. Adult patients with relapsing-remitting MS, Expanded Disability Status Scale score of 1.5-4.5 and Fatigue Severity Score>4 are eligible for the trial. Participants will be randomised to one of the sequences of the study. Each sequence consists of four periods of 6 weeks of treatment and three washout periods of 12-18 weeks. All patients will receive all the combinations of therapies. The primary outcome is the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale. The secondary outcomes are the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (cognition), Beck Depression Inventory-II (depressive symptoms) and Short-Survey 12 (quality of life). Safety and cost-effectiveness will also be evaluated. An exploratory substudy including MRI and blood biomarkers will be conducted. Ethics and dissemination: The study is approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital Clinico San Carlos and the Spanish Agency of Medications and Medical Devices. All study findings will be published in scientific peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant scientific conferences. Trial registration number: EudraCT 2021-004868-95; NCT05809414.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Multiple Sclerosis/complications ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ; Quality of Life ; Amantadine/therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Fatigue/therapy ; Fatigue/chemically induced ; Treatment Outcome ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic
Chemical Substances	Amantadine (BF4C9Z1J53)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial Protocol ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2023-078661
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Enhancing Motor Brain Activity Improves Memory for Action Language: A tDCS Study.

Vitale, Francesca / Padrón, Iván / Avenanti, Alessio / de Vega, Manuel

Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)

2020 Volume 31, Issue 3, Page(s) 1569–1581

Abstract: The embodied cognition approach to linguistic meaning posits that action language understanding is grounded in sensory-motor systems. However, evidence that the human motor cortex is necessary for action language memory is meager. To address this issue, ... ...

Abstract	The embodied cognition approach to linguistic meaning posits that action language understanding is grounded in sensory-motor systems. However, evidence that the human motor cortex is necessary for action language memory is meager. To address this issue, in two groups of healthy individuals, we perturbed the left primary motor cortex (M1) by means of either anodal or cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), before participants had to memorize lists of manual action and attentional sentences. In each group, participants received sham and active tDCS in two separate sessions. Following anodal tDCS (a-tDCS), participants improved the recall of action sentences compared with sham tDCS. No similar effects were detected following cathodal tDCS (c-tDCS). Both a-tDCS and c-tDCS induced variable changes in motor excitability, as measured by motor-evoked potentials induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Remarkably, across groups, action-specific memory improvements were positively predicted by changes in motor excitability. We provide evidence that excitatory modulation of the motor cortex selectively improves performance in a task requiring comprehension and memory of action sentences. These findings indicate that M1 is necessary for accurate processing of linguistic meanings and thus provide causal evidence that high-order cognitive functions are grounded in the human motor system.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Comprehension/physiology ; Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Language ; Male ; Memory/physiology ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1077450-6
ISSN	1460-2199 ; 1047-3211
ISSN (online)	1460-2199
ISSN	1047-3211
DOI	10.1093/cercor/bhaa309
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Article ; Online: The neural inhibition network is causally involved in the disembodiment effect of linguistic negation.

Vitale, Francesca / Monti, Ilaria / Padrón, Iván / Avenanti, Alessio / de Vega, Manuel

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior

2021 Volume 147, Page(s) 72–82

Abstract: Negation applied to action contexts reduces the activation of the motor system. According to the Reusing Inhibition for Negation (RIN) hypothesis, such "disembodiment" effect occurs because understanding negations engages the reuse of inhibitory control ... ...

Abstract	Negation applied to action contexts reduces the activation of the motor system. According to the Reusing Inhibition for Negation (RIN) hypothesis, such "disembodiment" effect occurs because understanding negations engages the reuse of inhibitory control mechanisms. Here, we investigated whether the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG) - a key area of the inhibitory control system - contributes to primary motor cortex (M1) processing of negated action-sentences. Using a perturb-and-measure paradigm, we applied off-line low-frequency repetitive TMS (rTMS) over the rIFG, before performing a reading task involving action and attentional sentences presented in both affirmative or negative form. During the reading task, motor excitability was assessed by recording motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by single-pulse TMS (spTMS) over the left M1, at two loci in the sentence: the verb or the object. Results show that after sham stimulation (baseline), motor excitability measured on the verb, was reduced for negative, compared to affirmative action sentences. Crucially, neuromodulation of rIFG suppressed this inhibitory effect of negation, since motor excitability was equaled for negative and affirmative action sentences. As expected, no effect of negation was observed for attentional sentences or when the pulse was delivered over the object. Our study confirms that understanding negative action sentences inhibits M1. This effect took place at an early stage of semantic processing (i.e., while processing the verb in our task), and faded at a later time-point. Critically, by highlighting a causal role of rIFG in this motor inhibition, we provide direct neurophysiological support to the RIN hypothesis.
MeSH term(s)	Evoked Potentials, Motor/physiology ; Humans ; Inhibition, Psychological ; Language ; Neural Inhibition ; Semantics ; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-22
Publishing country	Italy
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	280622-8
ISSN	1973-8102 ; 0010-9452
ISSN (online)	1973-8102
ISSN	0010-9452
DOI	10.1016/j.cortex.2021.11.015
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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