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Article ; Online: Exchange of Vitamin B

Sathe, Rupali R M / Paerl, Ryan W / Hazra, Amrita B

2022 Volume 204, Issue 4, Page(s) e0050321

Abstract: Microbial communities occupy diverse niches in nature, and community members routinely exchange a variety of nutrients among themselves. While large-scale metagenomic and metabolomic studies shed some light on these exchanges, the contribution of ... ...

Abstract	Microbial communities occupy diverse niches in nature, and community members routinely exchange a variety of nutrients among themselves. While large-scale metagenomic and metabolomic studies shed some light on these exchanges, the contribution of individual species and the molecular details of specific interactions are difficult to track. In this study, we follow the exchange of vitamin B
MeSH term(s)	Coculture Techniques ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Nutrients ; Thiamine ; Thiazoles/metabolism ; Vitamins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Thiazoles ; Vitamins ; Thiamine (X66NSO3N35)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2968-3
ISSN	1098-5530 ; 0021-9193
ISSN (online)	1098-5530
ISSN	0021-9193
DOI	10.1128/jb.00503-21
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Article ; Online: New chemical and microbial perspectives on vitamin B1 and vitamer dynamics of a coastal system.

Bittner, Meriel J / Bannon, Catherine C / Rowland, Elden / Sundh, John / Bertrand, Erin M / Andersson, Anders F / Paerl, Ryan W / Riemann, Lasse

ISME communications

2024 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) ycad016

Abstract: Vitamin B1 (thiamin, B1) is an essential micronutrient for cells, yet intriguingly in aquatic systems most bacterioplankton are unable to synthesize ... ...

Abstract	Vitamin B1 (thiamin, B1) is an essential micronutrient for cells, yet intriguingly in aquatic systems most bacterioplankton are unable to synthesize it
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2730-6151
ISSN (online)	2730-6151
DOI	10.1093/ismeco/ycad016
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Article ; Online: Use and detection of a vitamin B1 degradation product yields new views of the marine B1 cycle and plankton metabolite exchange.

Paerl, Ryan W / Curtis, Nathaniel P / Bittner, Meriel J / Cohn, Melanie R / Gifford, Scott M / Bannon, Catherine C / Rowland, Elden / Bertrand, Erin M

mBio

2023 Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) e0006123

Abstract: Vitamin B1 (thiamin) is a vital nutrient for most cells in nature, including marine plankton. Early and recent experiments show that B1 degradation products instead of B1 can support the growth of marine bacterioplankton and phytoplankton. However, the ... ...

Abstract	Vitamin B1 (thiamin) is a vital nutrient for most cells in nature, including marine plankton. Early and recent experiments show that B1 degradation products instead of B1 can support the growth of marine bacterioplankton and phytoplankton. However, the use and occurrence of some degradation products remains uninvestigated, namely N-formyl-4-amino-5-aminomethyl-2-methylpyrimidine (FAMP), which has been a focus of plant oxidative stress research. We investigated the relevance of FAMP in the ocean. Experiments and global ocean meta-omic data indicate that eukaryotic phytoplankton, including picoeukaryotes and harmful algal bloom species, use FAMP while bacterioplankton appear more likely to use deformylated FAMP, 4-amino-5-aminomethyl-2-methylpyrimidine. Measurements of FAMP in seawater and biomass revealed that it occurs at picomolar concentrations in the surface ocean, heterotrophic bacterial cultures produce FAMP in the dark-indicating non-photodegradation of B1 by cells, and B1-requiring (auxotrophic) picoeukaryotic phytoplankton produce intracellular FAMP. Our results require an expansion of thinking about vitamin degradation in the sea, but also the marine B1 cycle where it is now crucial to consider a new B1-related compound pool (FAMP), as well as generation (dark degradation-likely via oxidation), turnover (plankton uptake), and exchange of the compound within the networks of plankton. IMPORTANCE Results of this collaborative study newly show that a vitamin B1 degradation product, N-formyl-4-amino-5-aminomethyl-2-methylpyrimidine (FAMP), can be used by diverse marine microbes (bacteria and phytoplankton) to meet their vitamin B1 demands instead of B1 and that FAMP occurs in the surface ocean. FAMP has not yet been accounted for in the ocean and its use likely enables cells to avoid B1 growth deficiency. Additionally, we show FAMP is formed in and out of cells without solar irradiance-a commonly considered route of vitamin degradation in the sea and nature. Altogether, the results expand thinking about oceanic vitamin degradation, but also the marine B1 cycle where it is now crucial to consider a new B1-related compound pool (FAMP), as well as its generation (dark degradation-likely via oxidation), turnover (plankton uptake), and exchange within networks of plankton.
MeSH term(s)	Plankton/metabolism ; Thiamine/metabolism ; Oceans and Seas ; Phytoplankton ; Seawater/microbiology ; Aquatic Organisms/metabolism ; Vitamins
Chemical Substances	Thiamine (X66NSO3N35) ; Vitamins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2557172-2
ISSN	2150-7511 ; 2161-2129
ISSN (online)	2150-7511
ISSN	2161-2129
DOI	10.1128/mbio.00061-23
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Article ; Online: Picophytoplankton dynamics in a large temperate estuary and impacts of extreme storm events.

Paerl, Ryan W / Venezia, Rebecca E / Sanchez, Joel J / Paerl, Hans W

Scientific reports

2020 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 22026

Abstract: Picophytoplankton (PicoP) are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to primary productivity and phytoplankton biomass in coastal and estuarine systems. Remarkably though, PicoP composition is unknown or not well-resolved in several large ... ...

Abstract	Picophytoplankton (PicoP) are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to primary productivity and phytoplankton biomass in coastal and estuarine systems. Remarkably though, PicoP composition is unknown or not well-resolved in several large estuaries including the semi-lagoonal Neuse River Estuary (NRE), a tributary of the second largest estuary-system in the lower USA, the Pamlico-Albemarle Sound. The NRE is impacted by extreme weather events, including recent increases in precipitation and flooding associated with tropical cyclones. Here we examined the impacts of moderate to extreme (Hurricane Florence, September 2018) precipitation events on NRE PicoP abundances and composition using flow cytometry, over a 1.5 year period. Phycocyanin-rich Synechococcus-like cells were the most dominant PicoP, reaching ~ 10
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-020-79157-6
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Article: Diazotrophs and N

Pedersen, Jeppe N / Bombar, Deniz / Paerl, Ryan W / Riemann, Lasse

Frontiers in microbiology

2018 Volume 9, Page(s) 2759

Abstract: Putative heterotrophic bacteria carrying out ... ...

Abstract	Putative heterotrophic bacteria carrying out N
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2018.02759
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Article ; Online: Marine Non-Cyanobacterial Diazotrophs: Moving beyond Molecular Detection.

Bombar, Deniz / Paerl, Ryan W / Riemann, Lasse

Trends in microbiology

2016 Volume 24, Issue 11, Page(s) 916–927

Abstract: The nitrogen input through biological ... ...

Abstract	The nitrogen input through biological N
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1158963-2
ISSN	1878-4380 ; 0966-842X
ISSN (online)	1878-4380
ISSN	0966-842X
DOI	10.1016/j.tim.2016.07.002
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Article ; Online: Prevalent reliance of bacterioplankton on exogenous vitamin B1 and precursor availability.

Paerl, Ryan W / Sundh, John / Tan, Demeng / Svenningsen, Sine L / Hylander, Samuel / Pinhassi, Jarone / Andersson, Anders F / Riemann, Lasse

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2018 Volume 115, Issue 44, Page(s) E10447–E10456

Abstract: Vitamin B1 (B1 herein) is a vital enzyme cofactor required by virtually all cells, including bacterioplankton, which strongly influence aquatic biogeochemistry and productivity and modulate climate on Earth. Intriguingly, bacterioplankton can be de novo ... ...

Abstract	Vitamin B1 (B1 herein) is a vital enzyme cofactor required by virtually all cells, including bacterioplankton, which strongly influence aquatic biogeochemistry and productivity and modulate climate on Earth. Intriguingly, bacterioplankton can be de novo B1 synthesizers or B1 auxotrophs, which cannot synthesize B1 de novo and require exogenous B1 or B1 precursors to survive. Recent isolate-based work suggests select abundant bacterioplankton are B1 auxotrophs, but direct evidence of B1 auxotrophy among natural communities is scant. In addition, it is entirely unknown if bulk bacterioplankton growth is ever B1-limited. We show by surveying for B1-related genes in estuarine, marine, and freshwater metagenomes and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) that most naturally occurring bacterioplankton are B1 auxotrophs. Pyrimidine B1-auxotrophic bacterioplankton numerically dominated metagenomes, but multiple other B1-auxotrophic types and distinct uptake and B1-salvaging strategies were also identified, including dual (pyrimidine and thiazole) and intact B1 auxotrophs that have received little prior consideration. Time-series metagenomes from the Baltic Sea revealed pronounced shifts in the prevalence of multiple B1-auxotrophic types and in the B1-uptake and B1-salvaging strategies over time. Complementarily, we documented B1/precursor limitation of bacterioplankton production in three of five nutrient-amendment experiments at the same time-series station, specifically when intact B1 concentrations were ≤3.7 pM, based on bioassays with a genetically engineered
MeSH term(s)	Bacteria/genetics ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Fresh Water ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Genome, Bacterial ; Genomics/methods ; Genotype ; Plankton ; Seawater ; Thiamine/metabolism ; Transcriptome
Chemical Substances	Thiamine (X66NSO3N35)
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.1806425115
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Article: Harmful cyanobacterial aerosolization dynamics in the airshed of a eutrophic estuary

Plaas, Haley E. / Paerl, Ryan W. / Baumann, Karsten / Karl, Colleen / Popendorf, Kimberly J. / Barnard, Malcolm A. / Chang, Naomi Y. / Curtis, Nathaniel P. / Huang, Hwa / Mathieson, Olivia L. / Sanchez, Joel / Maizel, Daniela J. / Bartenfelder, Amy N. / Braddy, Jeremy S. / Hall, Nathan S. / Rossignol, Karen L. / Sloup, Randolph / Paerl, Hans W.

Science of the total environment. 2022 Dec. 15, v. 852

2022

Abstract: In addition to obvious negative effects on water quality in eutrophic aquatic ecosystems, recent work suggests that cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) also impact air quality via emissions carrying cyanobacterial cells and cyanotoxins. However, ... ...

Abstract	In addition to obvious negative effects on water quality in eutrophic aquatic ecosystems, recent work suggests that cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) also impact air quality via emissions carrying cyanobacterial cells and cyanotoxins. However, the environmental controls on CHAB-derived aerosol and its potential public health impacts remain largely unknown. Accordingly, the aims of this study were to 1) investigate the occurrence of microcystins (MC) and putatively toxic cyanobacterial communities in particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM₂.₅), 2) elucidate environmental conditions promoting their aerosolization, and 3) identify associations between CHABs and PM₂.₅ concentrations in the airshed of the Chowan River-Albemarle Sound, an oligohaline, eutrophic estuary in eastern North Carolina, USA. In summer 2020, during peak CHAB season, continuous PM₂.₅ samples and interval water samples were collected at two distinctive sites for targeted analyses of cyanobacterial community composition and MC concentration. Supporting air and water quality measurements were made in parallel to contextualize findings and permit statistical analyses of environmental factors driving changes in CHAB-derived aerosol. MC concentrations were low throughout the study, but a CHAB dominated by Dolichospermum occurred from late June to early August. Several aquatic CHAB genera recovered from Chowan River surface water were identified in PM₂.₅ during multiple time points, including Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Microcystis, and Pseudanabaena. Cyanobacterial enrichment in PM₂.₅ was indistinctive between subspecies, but at one site during the early bloom, we observed the simultaneous enrichment of several cyanobacterial genera in PM₂.₅. In association with the CHAB, the median PM₂.₅ mass concentration increased to 8.97 μg m⁻³ (IQR = 5.15), significantly above the non-bloom background of 5.35 μg m⁻³ (IQR = 3.70) (W = 1835, p < 0.001). Results underscore the need for highly resolved temporal measurements to conclusively investigate the role that CHABs play in regional air quality and respiratory health risk.
Keywords	Anabaena ; Aphanizomenon ; Dolichospermum ; Microcystis ; Pseudanabaena ; aerosols ; air ; air quality ; airshed ; community structure ; environment ; estuaries ; eutrophication ; microcystins ; particulates ; poisonous algae ; public health ; risk ; rivers ; summer ; surface water ; toxicity ; water quality ; North Carolina
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-1215
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158383
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Harmful cyanobacterial aerosolization dynamics in the airshed of a eutrophic estuary.

Plaas, Haley E / Paerl, Ryan W / Baumann, Karsten / Karl, Colleen / Popendorf, Kimberly J / Barnard, Malcolm A / Chang, Naomi Y / Curtis, Nathaniel P / Huang, Hwa / Mathieson, Olivia L / Sanchez, Joel / Maizel, Daniela J / Bartenfelder, Amy N / Braddy, Jeremy S / Hall, Nathan S / Rossignol, Karen L / Sloup, Randolph / Paerl, Hans W

The Science of the total environment

2022 Volume 852, Page(s) 158383

Abstract	In addition to obvious negative effects on water quality in eutrophic aquatic ecosystems, recent work suggests that cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) also impact air quality via emissions carrying cyanobacterial cells and cyanotoxins. However, the environmental controls on CHAB-derived aerosol and its potential public health impacts remain largely unknown. Accordingly, the aims of this study were to 1) investigate the occurrence of microcystins (MC) and putatively toxic cyanobacterial communities in particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM
MeSH term(s)	Microcystins/analysis ; Estuaries ; Lakes/microbiology ; Ecosystem ; Cyanobacteria ; Harmful Algal Bloom ; Particulate Matter/analysis
Chemical Substances	Microcystins ; Particulate Matter
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158383
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Article ; Online: Use of plankton-derived vitamin B1 precursors, especially thiazole-related precursor, by key marine picoeukaryotic phytoplankton.

Paerl, Ryan W / Bouget, Francois-Yves / Lozano, Jean-Claude / Vergé, Valérie / Schatt, Philippe / Allen, Eric E / Palenik, Brian / Azam, Farooq

The ISME journal

2017 Volume 11, Issue 3, Page(s) 753–765

Abstract: Several cosmopolitan marine picoeukaryotic phytoplankton are B1 auxotrophs requiring exogenous vitamin B1 or precursor to survive. From genomic evidence, representatives of picoeukaryotic phytoplankton (Ostreococcus and Micromonas spp.) were predicted to ...

Abstract	Several cosmopolitan marine picoeukaryotic phytoplankton are B1 auxotrophs requiring exogenous vitamin B1 or precursor to survive. From genomic evidence, representatives of picoeukaryotic phytoplankton (Ostreococcus and Micromonas spp.) were predicted to use known thiazole and pyrimidine B1 precursors to meet their B1 demands, however, recent culture-based experiments could not confirm this assumption. We hypothesized these phytoplankton strains could grow on precursors alone, but required a thiazole-related precursor other the well-known and extensively tested 4-methyl-5-thiazoleethanol. This hypothesis was tested using bioassays and co-cultures of picoeukaryotic phytoplankton and bacteria. We found that specific B1-synthesizing proteobacteria and phytoplankton are sources of a yet-to-be chemically identified thiazole-related precursor(s) that, along with pyrimidine B1 precursor 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine, can support growth of Ostreococcus spp. (also Micromonas spp.) without B1. We additionally found that the B1-synthesizing plankton do not require contact with picoeukaryotic phytoplankton cells to produce thiazole-related precursor(s). Experiments with wild-type and genetically engineered Ostreococcus lines revealed that the thiazole kinase, ThiM, is required for growth on precursors, and that thiazole-related precursor(s) accumulate to appreciable levels in the euphotic ocean. Overall, our results point to thiazole-related B1 precursors as important micronutrients promoting the survival of abundant phytoplankton influencing surface ocean production and biogeochemical cycling.
MeSH term(s)	Chlorophyta/genetics ; Eukaryota/metabolism ; Plankton/classification ; Plankton/metabolism ; Pyrimidines ; Thiamine/chemistry ; Thiamine/metabolism ; Thiazoles/metabolism
Chemical Substances	4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine ; Pyrimidines ; Thiazoles ; Thiamine (X66NSO3N35)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2406536-5
ISSN	1751-7370 ; 1751-7362
ISSN (online)	1751-7370
ISSN	1751-7362
DOI	10.1038/ismej.2016.145
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