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  1. Article ; Online: Implementation of the surface gradiometer receive coils for the improved detection limit and sensitivity in the single-sided MPI scanner.

    McDonough, C / Pagan, J / Tonyushkin, A

    Physics in medicine and biology

    2022  Volume 67, Issue 24

    Abstract: Objective. ...

    Abstract Objective.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Limit of Detection ; Magnetite Nanoparticles ; Diagnostic Imaging/methods ; Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
    Chemical Substances Magnetite Nanoparticles
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 208857-5
    ISSN 1361-6560 ; 0031-9155
    ISSN (online) 1361-6560
    ISSN 0031-9155
    DOI 10.1088/1361-6560/aca5ec
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: 69 The equine blood fatty acid profile and clearance rate of supplemented fatty acids

    Hauss, A. / Pagan, J.

    Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2023 May, v. 124 p.104371-

    2023  

    Abstract: An optimal equine blood fatty acid (FA) profile has not been defined, nor has a general baseline profile been established. Further, there is little information on the clearance rate of FAs in plasma and red blood cells (RBCs) after supplementation ends. ... ...

    Abstract An optimal equine blood fatty acid (FA) profile has not been defined, nor has a general baseline profile been established. Further, there is little information on the clearance rate of FAs in plasma and red blood cells (RBCs) after supplementation ends. Data from 4 studies were compiled to evaluate the baseline FA profile in horses fed varied diets without FA supplementation for at least 6 mo (n = 68). Sample handling and processing were performed identically in all studies and 24 FAs were quantified using gas chromatography. A subset of data (n = 18) was used to evaluate how eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affects the FA profile during and after 3 mo of supplementation (4.3–8.7 g EPA+DHA/d). Data were analyzed for mixed-effects. Baseline plasma FA profile included primarily linoleic acid (LA; 49.49% mean; 95% CI [48.32, 50.65]), stearic acid (15.90%; [15.61, 16.19]), palmitic acid (13.99%; [13.59, 14.38]), and oleic acid (10.66%; [10.12, 11.20]). Other FAs included arachidonic acid (AA; 0.94%; [0.87, 1.01]), EPA (0.14%; [0.12, 0.16]), and DHA (0.16%; [0.14, 0.19]). Baseline RBC profile differed slightly, primarily made up of LA (37.47%; [36.76, 38.17]), oleic acid (20.20%; [19.92, 20.47]), stearic acid (17.40%; [17.09, 17.71]), and palmitic acid (14.86%; [14.53, 15.20]). Other FAs included AA (1.23%; [1.18, 1.29]), EPA (0.19%; [0.16, 0.22]),and DHA (0.21%; [0.18, 0.24]). Plasma EPA and DHA increased 277% (0.41%; [0.29, 0.54]; P < 0.001) and 223% (0.56%; [0.40, 0.73]; P < 0.001), respectively, within 1 mo of supplementation and returned to baseline levels (P = 0.98) by 1 mo post-supplementation. RBC EPA and DHA increased 178% (0.37%; [0.29, 0.44]; P < 0.0001) and 102% (0.37%; [0.31, 0.44]; P < 0.0001), respectively, within the first month of supplementation and continued to climb 313% (0.63%; [0.46, 0.79]; P < 0.001) and 197% (0.70%; [0.55, 0.85]; P < 0.001) by the third month, respectively. RBC EPA returned to baseline (P = 0.21) by 3 mo post-supplementation, but RBC DHA had still not returned (P < 0.05). Compared with plasma, RBCs showed gradual changes over time and required significantly more time to appropriately wash out. Additionally, the clearance rate may differ between fatty acids. Plasma values are more commonly reported than values for RBC or other tissues. These data suggest RBC values may be important to consider and that appropriate washout durations from previous FA supplementation may be longer than expected. Further research is needed to evaluate other tissue affected by FA supplementation and how long the FA profile may be altered.
    Keywords arachidonic acid ; blood ; docosahexaenoic acid ; eicosapentaenoic acid ; fatty acid composition ; gas chromatography ; horses ; linoleic acid ; oleic acid ; palmitic acid ; stearic acid ; veterinary medicine
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-05
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2102631-2
    ISSN 1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
    ISSN (online) 1542-7412
    ISSN 0737-0806
    DOI 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104371
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  3. Book ; Online ; Conference proceedings: How AI Impacts Urban Living and Public Health : 17th International Conference, ICOST 2019, New York City, NY, USA, October 14-16, 2019, Proceedings

    Pagán, José / Mokhtari, Mounir / Aloulou, Hamdi / Abdulrazak, Bessam / Cabrera, María Fernanda

    2019  

    Keywords Network hardware ; Artificial intelligence ; Expert systems / knowledge-based systems ; User interface design & usability ; Computer science ; Computer communication systems ; Special purpose computers ; User interfaces (Computer systems) ; Künstliche Intelligenz ; Öffentlichkeit ; Medizinische Versorgung
    Subject Gesundheitsversorgung ; Gesundheitliche Versorgung ; Patientenversorgung ; Öffentliches Leben ; Artificial intelligence ; Computerunterstützte Intelligenz ; Maschinelle Intelligenz ; KI
    Size 1 electronic resource (224 pages)
    Publisher Springer Nature
    Document type Book ; Online ; Conference proceedings
    Note English ; Open Access
    HBZ-ID HT021028279
    ISBN 978-3-030-32785-9 ; 3-030-32785-X
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  4. Article ; Online: 68 Titration of GLA supplementation is linearly related to incorporation of DGLA into equine red blood cells

    Hauss, A. / Montgomery, A. / Nysether, I. / Pagan, J.

    Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2023 May, v. 124 p.104370-

    2023  

    Abstract: The omega-6 fatty acid gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) has received considerable research attention in other species for its anti-inflammatory properties, largely attributed to the conversion of dietary GLA to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA). However, ... ...

    Abstract The omega-6 fatty acid gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) has received considerable research attention in other species for its anti-inflammatory properties, largely attributed to the conversion of dietary GLA to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA). However, there is little to no published research on supplementing GLA to horses. The objective of this study was to determine how varied levels of supplemental GLA influence the equine blood fatty acid profile. Twenty Thoroughbred horses (9.9 ± 3.7 yr; 605 ± 58 kg BW; mean ± SD) were used in a longitudinal design for 6 mo including 3 mo of supplementation and 3 mo post-supplementation. Horses were stratified into 5 groups balanced primarily for age, BW, and initial grain intake and randomly assigned to one of 5 GLA oil treatments (n = 4): 0 (control), 1.9, 3.7, 7.3, or 9.7 g/d GLA top-dressed on similar low-starch commercial concentrates (1 to 5 kg/d). Fatty acid composition of plasma and red blood cells (RBCs) was measured every 28 d using gas chromatography at a commercial laboratory. Data were analyzed using linear regression and repeated measures ANOVA (GraphPad Prism). There was a strong positive linear relationship (R² = 0.87; [% DGLA in RBC = 0.053(g/d of GLA intake) + 0.243]) between GLA intake and RBC DGLA incorporationafter 3 mo of supplementation, indicating horses can effectively convert GLA to DGLA in a dose-responsive manner. As GLA intake increased, more DGLA was incorporated into RBCs at a faster rate. Between baseline and 3 mo of supplementation, RBC DGLA did not change at 0 g/d GLA (0.26 to 0.23; P = 0.41) but increased 164% (0.28 to 0.74; P < 0.01) at 9.7 g/d GLA. At 1.9 g/d GLA, RBC DGLA did not differ (P > 0.05) from baseline until 3 mo of supplementation and returned after one month of washout. At 7.3 and 9.7 g/d GLA, RBC DGLA was different (P < 0.05) from baseline within one month of supplementation and remained elevated after 3 mo of washout. Results indicate that higher levels of supplementation respond faster, but take longer to peak and more time to wash out. More research is needed to determine if there is an upper limit to the dose response of GLA. Although an optimal equine blood fatty acid profile has not been delineated, these results provide novel data on the impact GLA supplementation has on the equine blood fatty acid profile.
    Keywords Thoroughbred ; blood ; dose response ; fatty acid composition ; gamma-linolenic acid ; gas chromatography ; horses ; oils ; regression analysis ; titration ; veterinary medicine
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-05
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2102631-2
    ISSN 1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
    ISSN (online) 1542-7412
    ISSN 0737-0806
    DOI 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104370
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  5. Article ; Online: 67 Digestibility and glycemic response of timothy-based haylage and timothy grass hay

    Fowler, Al / Hauss, A.A. / Pagan, J.D.

    Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2023 May, v. 124 p.104369-

    2023  

    Abstract: Haylage is often fed to horses around the world and may be an appealing forage choice for certain horses due to its low dust content and lower NSC content when compared with hay of comparable species and maturity. The objective of this study was to ... ...

    Abstract Haylage is often fed to horses around the world and may be an appealing forage choice for certain horses due to its low dust content and lower NSC content when compared with hay of comparable species and maturity. The objective of this study was to determine if there were differences in digestibility and glycemic response between hay and haylage of similar quality. Four Thoroughbred geldings (9.3 ± 1.5 yr; 617 ± 40 kg; mean ± SD) were used in a crossover design with 2 dietary treatments over 2 28-d periods. The 2 dietary treatments were second-cutting timothy hay and timothy-ryegrass haylage both fed at 1.5% BW (DM basis). To minimize refusals, one horse was fed at 1% BW (DM basis) for the last 9 d of each period. The hay contained 15% WSC, 0.7% starch, 35% ADF, and 57% NDF, and the haylage contained 9% WSC, 0.8% starch, 39% ADF, and 66% NDF (DM basis). The hay and haylage had similar lignification of the cell wall fraction (lignin/NDF; 9.1% vs 8.4%, respectively). Total fecal collections were conducted during the last 5 d of each period to determine digestibility. Glycemic response to a meal of the assigned forage was conducted on d 22of each period by analyzing plasma for glucose every 30 min for 480 min post-feeding and calculating the area under the curve (AUC). The effect of treatment was analyzed using an ANOVA (SAS Institute Inc., Cary NC) and significance was defined when P < 0.05. The AUC per g of NSC was not different between diets (P > 0.10). Horses had a slower rate of DM intake when fed the haylage meal (10 g DM/min versus 25 g DM/min for hay; P < 0.05) and also had a longer time to peak glucose (P < 0.05). Dry matter digestibility was 58.1% for hay and 50.4% for haylage (P < 0.05). Despite containing a similar degree of cell wall lignification, the hay diet resulted in a greater digestibility of NDF and ADF compared with the haylage diet (P < 0.05). Horses fed haylage had greater fecal moisture than horses fed hay (86% and 76%; P < 0.05) and demonstrated free fecal water. The appearance of free fecal water may have been related to the lower-than-expected fiber digestibility in the haylage diet. More research is needed to determine causative factors in the development of free fecal water in horses.
    Keywords Phleum pratense ; Thoroughbred ; cell walls ; cross-over studies ; diet ; dry matter digestibility ; dust ; forage ; glucose ; glycemic effect ; grass hay ; haylage ; horses ; lignification ; lignin ; starch ; veterinary medicine
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-05
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2102631-2
    ISSN 1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
    ISSN (online) 1542-7412
    ISSN 0737-0806
    DOI 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104369
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  6. Article ; Online: 66 Type of polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation affects red blood cell fatty acid composition in exercised Thoroughbreds

    Pagan, J.D. / Hauss, A.A.

    Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2023 May, v. 124 p.104368-

    2023  

    Abstract: Omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs are essential nutrients for horses. SC-PUFAs (<20 carbon) include α-linolenic acid (ALA, n3), linoleic acid (LA, n6), and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, n6), while LC-PUFAs (≥20 carbon) include eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, n3), ... ...

    Abstract Omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs are essential nutrients for horses. SC-PUFAs (<20 carbon) include α-linolenic acid (ALA, n3), linoleic acid (LA, n6), and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, n6), while LC-PUFAs (≥20 carbon) include eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, n3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, n3), dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA, n6), and arachidonic acid (AA, n6). Eicosanoids produced from AA tend to be pro-inflammatory while DGLA, EPA, and DHA give rise to lipid mediators that are anti-inflammatory. This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding different chain length omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs on red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid (FA) composition in exercised horses. Thirteen fit Thoroughbred horses (age 4.1 ± 1.9 y, BW 496.0 kg ± 36.5 kg; mean ± SD) were split into 2 groups balanced for age, gender, and body weight. The horses received either 35 mL/d of a corn oil-flax oil supplement (LA-ALA) (n = 6) or 60 mL/d of a high-GLA safflower oil-fish oil supplement (GLA-EPA-DHA) (n = 7). The LA-ALA supplement provided 8.0 g LA and 10.2 g ALA per day. The GLA-EPA-DHA supplement provided 2.5 g LA, 5.4 g GLA, 0.3 g AA, 4.4 g EPA, 0.8 g DPA, and 3.8 g DHA per day. Each supplement provided a similar amount of total omega-6 and omega-3 per day. The horses were fed 4.9 ± 1.4 kg/d (mean ± SD) of a textured horse feed along with 1.0–1.5% BW/d of timothy hay and 60 g loose salt. The basal dietprovided about 140 g/d LA and 62 g/d ALA. For 90 d before the start and during the study, the horses were exercised 3 times per week on a racetrack and walked 3 d per week on a mechanical walker. For 90 d before the study the horses were fed the same basal ration. Twenty-four individual FA were measured at monthly intervals in RBCs over the 3-mo supplementation period. Differences related to time and treatment were analyzed using a 2-way ANOVA. RBC FA did not change in the LA-ALA group during the supplementation period. RBC GLA, DGLA, EPA, and DHA increased over time in the GLA-EPA-DHA group (P < 0.01) and were higher than with LA-ALA supplementation after 1, 2 and 3 mo of supplementation (P < 0.01). RBC AA increased over time in the GLA-EPA-DHA group (P < 0.05). These increases in GLA and LC-PUFAs were primarily offset by decreases in RBC oleic acid (18:1n9), LA, and ALA. The ratio of RBC AA to (DGLA+EPA+DHA) was 3.9 times higher in the LA-ALA supplemented group compared with the GLA-EPA-DHA group (P < 0.01). This study found that horses fed a high LA intake and supplemented with ALA did not efficiently elongate ALA to EPA and DHA, but that horses did elongate GLA to DGLA.
    Keywords Carthamus tinctorius ; Thoroughbred ; arachidonic acid ; body weight ; carbon ; corn ; docosahexaenoic acid ; eicosanoids ; eicosapentaenoic acid ; erythrocytes ; fatty acid composition ; gamma-linolenic acid ; gender ; hay ; horses ; linoleic acid ; oils ; oleic acid ; omega-6 fatty acids ; veterinary medicine
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-05
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2102631-2
    ISSN 1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
    ISSN (online) 1542-7412
    ISSN 0737-0806
    DOI 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104368
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  7. Article: Contributions to Midwifery Statistics and Practice.

    Pagan, J M

    Glasgow medical journal

    2018  Volume 1, Issue 2, Page(s) 207–216

    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-11-14
    Publishing country Scotland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 414084-9
    ISSN 0367-4800
    ISSN 0367-4800
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  8. Article: Income inequality and the disease burden of COVID-19: Survival analysis of data from 74 countries.

    Su, Dejun / Alshehri, Khalid / Pagán, José

    Preventive medicine reports

    2022  Volume 27, Page(s) 101828

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic presents a rare opportunity to assess national performance in responding to a historic crisis. It is not well understood how income inequality might be related to differential disease burden of COVID-19 across countries. Using ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic presents a rare opportunity to assess national performance in responding to a historic crisis. It is not well understood how income inequality might be related to differential disease burden of COVID-19 across countries. Using recent data merged from Our World in Data 2020, the World Bank, and the Global Burden of Disease, we examined the association between income inequality (the Gini index) and COVID-19 infection and death rates among 74 countries with available data. After adjusting for differences in population size, age structure, longevity, population density, GDP per capita, health care expenditures, educational attainment, direct democracy index, stringency of implemented measures, and testing intensity for COVID-19, results from Cox Proportional Hazards regressions revealed that countries with more unequal income distribution carried a higher burden of COVID-19 infections and deaths in 2020. On average, each percentage point increase in the Gini index was associated with an 9% increase in the hazard of having a higher COVID-19 infection rate in the sample (AOR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.01, 1.18). The corresponding associated increase in the hazard of having a higher COVID-19 death rate was 14% (AOR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.06, 1.23). Countries with severe and persistent income inequality should develop national strategies to address this challenge to be better prepared for future pandemics.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2785569-7
    ISSN 2211-3355
    ISSN 2211-3355
    DOI 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101828
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  9. Article ; Online: 118 Relationship between age, gender, height, body condition score, and body weight in Thoroughbred yearlings raised in Kentucky

    Pagan, J.D. / Phethean, E. / Caddel, S. / McFaull, M.

    Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2023 May, v. 124 p.104420-

    2023  

    Abstract: Forty years ago, Henneke and coworkers developed a body condition score (BCS) system for horses that is widely used today. This system applies a score of 1 to an emaciated horse and a score of 9 to an extremely obese horse. The system was originally ... ...

    Abstract Forty years ago, Henneke and coworkers developed a body condition score (BCS) system for horses that is widely used today. This system applies a score of 1 to an emaciated horse and a score of 9 to an extremely obese horse. The system was originally designed to measure BCS in Quarter Horse broodmares, but it has subsequently been adapted to measure body condition in horses of all breeds and life stages. The NRC (2007) suggests that weight gain of 16 to 20 kg will increase the body condition of a 500-kg horse from a 4 to a 5. There is little information regarding the relationship between BCS and weight gain in young horses. This study evaluated the relationship between age, gender, wither height (HT), BCS, and body weight (BW) in a large group of yearlings raised in central Kentucky over a 17-year period (2002–2018). Measurements were taken from colts (n = 2,048) and fillies (n = 2,032) during August of their yearling year. BCS was scored in 0.5 increments. Differences in measurements between genders were determined using an unpaired t-test. Colts (age 515.1 ± 34.7 d, BW 461.7 ± 34.7 kg, HT 155.3 ± 3.5 cm, BCS 5.88 ± 0.34; mean ± SD) and fillies (age 516.6± 34.0 d, BW 446.8 ± 32.4 kg, HT 153.7 ± 3.4 cm, BCS 5.94 ± 0.34; mean ± SD) were not different in age, but colts were heavier (P < 0.01) and taller (P < 0.01). Fillies had a higher BCS (P < 0.01). Over 95% of the yearlings had BCS of 5.5 to 6.5 with > 60% having a BCS of 6.0. Within each gender, multiple linear regression analysis using age, year of birth, HT, and BCS as independent variables and BW as the dependent variable resulted in regression coefficients for BCS of 15.1 ± 1.5 kg and 20.1 ± 1.4 kg (±SE) for colts and fillies, respectively. This suggests that weight gains from 15 to 20 kg will increase the body condition score of 450-kg yearlings from 5.5 to 6.5. The majority (>80%) of the yearlings measured in this study were being prepped for yearling sales where BCS of 6.0 is considered ideal. An understanding of how much BW gain is needed to affect BCS should be useful in the sales-prepping process.
    Keywords Quarter Horse ; Thoroughbred ; body condition ; body weight ; mares ; regression analysis ; t-test ; veterinary medicine ; weight gain ; yearlings ; Kentucky
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-05
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 2102631-2
    ISSN 1542-7412 ; 0737-0806
    ISSN (online) 1542-7412
    ISSN 0737-0806
    DOI 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104420
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  10. Article ; Online: Reply to: Correspondence on "Predicting portal thrombosis in cirrosis: A prospective study of clinical, ultrasonographic and hemostatic factors".

    Turon, Fanny / Lisman, Ton / Carlos-Garcia-Pagan, Juan

    Journal of hepatology

    2021  Volume 76, Issue 1, Page(s) 227–228

    MeSH term(s) Hemostatics ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; Portal Vein/diagnostic imaging ; Prospective Studies ; Venous Thrombosis/diagnostic imaging ; Venous Thrombosis/etiology
    Chemical Substances Hemostatics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-28
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 605953-3
    ISSN 1600-0641 ; 0168-8278
    ISSN (online) 1600-0641
    ISSN 0168-8278
    DOI 10.1016/j.jhep.2021.09.015
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