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  1. Article ; Online: 3D-printed hierarchical arrangements of actuators mimicking biological muscular architectures.

    De Pascali, Corrado / Palagi, Stefano / Mazzolai, Barbara

    Bioinspiration & biomimetics

    2023  

    Abstract: Being able to imitate the sophisticated muscular architectures that characterize the animal kingdom in biomimetic machines would allow them to perform articulated movements with the same naturalness. In soft robotics, multiple actuation technologies have ...

    Abstract Being able to imitate the sophisticated muscular architectures that characterize the animal kingdom in biomimetic machines would allow them to perform articulated movements with the same naturalness. In soft robotics, multiple actuation technologies have been developed to mimic the contraction of a single natural muscle, but a few of them can be implemented in complex architectures capable of diversifying deformations and forces. In this work, we present three different biomimetic muscle architectures, i.e., fusiform, parallel, and bipennate, which are based on hierarchical arrangements of multiple pneumatic actuators. These biomimetic architectures are monolithic structures composed of thirty-six pneumatic actuators each, directly 3D printed through low-cost printers and commercial materials without any assembly phase. The considerable number of actuators involved enabled the adoption and consequent comparison of two regulation strategies: one based on input modulation, commonly adopted in pneumatic systems, and one based on fiber recruitment, mimicking the regulation behavior of natural muscles. The straightforward realization through additive manufacturing processes of muscle architectures regulated by fiber recruitment strategies facilitates the development of articulated muscular systems for biomimetics machines increasingly similar to the natural ones.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2235670-8
    ISSN 1748-3190 ; 1748-3182
    ISSN (online) 1748-3190
    ISSN 1748-3182
    DOI 10.1088/1748-3190/acd159
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Evolution of the Microrobots: Stimuli-Responsive Materials and Additive Manufacturing Technologies Turn Small Structures into Microscale Robots.

    den Hoed, Frank Marco / Carlotti, Marco / Palagi, Stefano / Raffa, Patrizio / Mattoli, Virgilio

    Micromachines

    2024  Volume 15, Issue 2

    Abstract: The development of functional microsystems and microrobots that have characterized the last decade is the result of a synergistic and effective interaction between the progress of fabrication techniques and the increased availability of smart and ... ...

    Abstract The development of functional microsystems and microrobots that have characterized the last decade is the result of a synergistic and effective interaction between the progress of fabrication techniques and the increased availability of smart and responsive materials to be employed in the latter. Functional structures on the microscale have been relevant for a vast plethora of technologies that find application in different sectors including automotive, sensing devices, and consumer electronics, but are now also entering medical clinics. Working on or inside the human body requires increasing complexity and functionality on an ever-smaller scale, which is becoming possible as a result of emerging technology and smart materials over the past decades. In recent years, additive manufacturing has risen to the forefront of this evolution as the most prominent method to fabricate complex 3D structures. In this review, we discuss the rapid 3D manufacturing techniques that have emerged and how they have enabled a great leap in microrobotic applications. The arrival of smart materials with inherent functionalities has propelled microrobots to great complexity and complex applications. We focus on which materials are important for actuation and what the possibilities are for supplying the required energy. Furthermore, we provide an updated view of a new generation of microrobots in terms of both materials and fabrication technology. While two-photon lithography may be the state-of-the-art technology at the moment, in terms of resolution and design freedom, new methods such as two-step are on the horizon. In the more distant future, innovations like molecular motors could make microscale robots redundant and bring about nanofabrication.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2620864-7
    ISSN 2072-666X
    ISSN 2072-666X
    DOI 10.3390/mi15020275
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: An earthworm-like modular soft robot for locomotion in multi-terrain environments.

    Das, Riddhi / Babu, Saravana Prashanth Murali / Visentin, Francesco / Palagi, Stefano / Mazzolai, Barbara

    Scientific reports

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 1571

    Abstract: Robotic locomotion in subterranean environments is still unsolved, and it requires innovative designs and strategies to overcome the challenges of burrowing and moving in unstructured conditions with high pressure and friction at depths of a few ... ...

    Abstract Robotic locomotion in subterranean environments is still unsolved, and it requires innovative designs and strategies to overcome the challenges of burrowing and moving in unstructured conditions with high pressure and friction at depths of a few centimeters. Inspired by antagonistic muscle contractions and constant volume coelomic chambers observed in earthworms, we designed and developed a modular soft robot based on a peristaltic soft actuator (PSA). The PSA demonstrates two active configurations from a neutral state by switching the input source between positive and negative pressure. PSA generates a longitudinal force for axial penetration and a radial force for anchorage, through bidirectional deformation of the central bellows-like structure, which demonstrates its versatility and ease of control. The performance of PSA depends on the amount and type of fluid confined in an elastomer chamber, generating different forces and displacements. The assembled robot with five PSA modules enabled to perform peristaltic locomotion in different media. The role of friction was also investigated during experimental locomotion tests by attaching passive scales like earthworm setae to the ventral side of the robot. This study proposes a new method for developing a peristaltic earthworm-like soft robot and provides a better understanding of locomotion in different environments.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Oligochaeta/physiology ; Robotics/methods ; Locomotion/physiology ; Friction ; Peristalsis/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-023-28873-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Robotic Intraoperative Tracheobronchial Repair during Minimally Invasive 3-Stage Esophagectomy.

    Marano, Alessandra / Palagi, Silvia / Pellegrino, Luca / Borghi, Felice

    Journal of chest surgery

    2020  Volume 54, Issue 2, Page(s) 154–157

    Abstract: Tracheobronchial injury (TBI) is an uncommon but potentially fatal event. Iatrogenic lesions during bronchoscopy, endotracheal intubation, or thoracic surgery are considered the most common causes of TBI. When TBI is detected during surgery, concomitant ... ...

    Abstract Tracheobronchial injury (TBI) is an uncommon but potentially fatal event. Iatrogenic lesions during bronchoscopy, endotracheal intubation, or thoracic surgery are considered the most common causes of TBI. When TBI is detected during surgery, concomitant surgical treatment is recommended. Herein we present a case of successful robotic primary repair of iatrogenic tracheal and left bronchial branch tears during a robot-assisted hybrid 3-stage esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. A robotic approach can facilitate the repair of this injury while reducing both the potential risk of conversion to open surgery and the associated increased risk of postoperative respiratory complications.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-28
    Document type Case Reports
    ISSN 2765-1606
    ISSN 2765-1606
    DOI 10.5090/jcs.20.055
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: 3D-printed biomimetic artificial muscles using soft actuators that contract and elongate.

    De Pascali, Corrado / Naselli, Giovanna Adele / Palagi, Stefano / Scharff, Rob B N / Mazzolai, Barbara

    Science robotics

    2022  Volume 7, Issue 68, Page(s) eabn4155

    Abstract: Biomimetic machines able to integrate with natural and social environments will find ubiquitous applications, from biodiversity conservation to elderly daily care. Although artificial actuators have reached the contraction performances of muscles, the ... ...

    Abstract Biomimetic machines able to integrate with natural and social environments will find ubiquitous applications, from biodiversity conservation to elderly daily care. Although artificial actuators have reached the contraction performances of muscles, the versatility and grace of the movements realized by the complex arrangements of muscles remain largely unmatched. Here, we present a class of pneumatic artificial muscles, named GeometRy-based Actuators that Contract and Elongate (GRACE). The GRACEs consist of a single-material pleated membrane and do not need any strain-limiting elements. They can contract and extend by design, as described by a mathematical model, and can be realized at different dimensional scales and with different materials and mechanical performances, enabling a wide range of lifelike movements. The GRACEs can be fabricated through low-cost additive manufacturing and even built directly within functional devices, such as a pneumatic artificial hand that is fully three-dimensionally printed in one step. This makes the prototyping and fabrication of pneumatic artificial muscle-based devices faster and more straightforward.
    MeSH term(s) Aged ; Biomimetics ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiology ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Robotics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2470-9476
    ISSN (online) 2470-9476
    DOI 10.1126/scirobotics.abn4155
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Direct laser writing of liquid crystal elastomers oriented by a horizontal electric field.

    Carlotti, Marco / Tricinci, Omar / den Hoed, Frank / Palagi, Stefano / Mattoli, Virgilio

    Open research Europe

    2021  Volume 1, Page(s) 129

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-19
    Publishing country Belgium
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2732-5121
    ISSN (online) 2732-5121
    DOI 10.12688/openreseurope.14135.2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Robotic "Double Loop" Roux-en-Y gastric bypass reduces the risk of postoperative internal hernias: a prospective observational study.

    Rebecchi, Fabrizio / Ugliono, Elettra / Palagi, Silvia / Genzone, Alessandro / Toppino, Mauro / Morino, Mario

    Surgical endoscopy

    2020  Volume 35, Issue 8, Page(s) 4200–4205

    Abstract: Background: Internal herniation (IH) is a potentially serious complication after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The aim of the study is to evaluate the incidence of IH after robot-assisted RYGB (RA-RYGB) performed with the "Double Loop" ... ...

    Abstract Background: Internal herniation (IH) is a potentially serious complication after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The aim of the study is to evaluate the incidence of IH after robot-assisted RYGB (RA-RYGB) performed with the "Double Loop" technique at our Institution.
    Methods: Prospective cohort study of patients submitted to RA-RYGB with the "Double Loop" technique, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Patients with complaints of abdominal pain at clinical visits or entering the emergency department were evaluated. Primary outcome was the incidence of IH, defined as the presence of herniated bowel through a mesenteric defect, diagnosed at imaging or at surgical exploration.
    Results: A total of 129 patients were included: 65 (50.4%) were primary procedures, while 64 (49.6%) were revisional operations after primary restrictive bariatric surgery. Mean age was 47.9 ± 10.2 years, mean weight, and body mass index were, respectively, 105.3 ± 22.6 kg and 39.7 ± 9.6 kg/m
    Conclusions: In the present study, the robotic approach confirms the low complication rate and absence of IH after "Double Loop" RA-RYGB in a large case-series at a medium-term follow-up.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Female ; Gastric Bypass/adverse effects ; Humans ; Internal Hernia ; Laparoscopy/adverse effects ; Middle Aged ; Obesity, Morbid/surgery ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology ; Postoperative Complications/etiology ; Prospective Studies ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects ; Robotics
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-28
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639039-0
    ISSN 1432-2218 ; 0930-2794
    ISSN (online) 1432-2218
    ISSN 0930-2794
    DOI 10.1007/s00464-020-07901-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Robotic Wedge Resection for Unfavorably Located Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Perioperative and Long-Term Oncological Outcomes.

    Di Maria Grimaldi, Simone / Marano, Alessandra / Pellegrino, Luca / Geretto, Paolo / Palagi, Silvia / Borghi, Felice

    Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A

    2020  Volume 31, Issue 7, Page(s) 772–778

    Abstract: Background and Objectives: ...

    Abstract Background and Objectives:
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Feasibility Studies ; Gastrectomy/methods ; Gastrectomy/mortality ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/mortality ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/pathology ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/surgery ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Retrospective Studies ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/methods ; Robotic Surgical Procedures/mortality ; Stomach/pathology ; Stomach/surgery ; Stomach Neoplasms/mortality ; Stomach Neoplasms/pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms/surgery ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Evaluation Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1381909-4
    ISSN 1557-9034 ; 1092-6429
    ISSN (online) 1557-9034
    ISSN 1092-6429
    DOI 10.1089/lap.2020.0660
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: 3D-printed soft microrobot for swimming in biological fluids.

    Qiu, Tian / Palagi, Stefano / Fischer, Peer

    Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

    2016  Volume 2015, Page(s) 4922–4925

    Abstract: Microscopic artificial swimmers hold the potential to enable novel non-invasive medical procedures. In order to ease their translation towards real biomedical applications, simpler designs as well as cheaper yet more reliable materials and fabrication ... ...

    Abstract Microscopic artificial swimmers hold the potential to enable novel non-invasive medical procedures. In order to ease their translation towards real biomedical applications, simpler designs as well as cheaper yet more reliable materials and fabrication processes should be adopted, provided that the functionality of the microrobots can be kept. A simple single-hinge design could already enable micro-swimming in non-Newtonian fluids, which most bodily fluids are. Here, we address the fabrication of such single-hinge microrobots with a 3D-printed soft material. Firstly, a finite element model is developed to investigate the deformability of the 3D-printed microstructure under typical values of the actuating magnetic fields. Then the microstructures are fabricated by direct 3D-printing of a soft material and their swimming performances are evaluated. The speeds achieved with the 3D-printed microrobots are comparable to those obtained in previous work with complex fabrication procedures, thus showing great promise for 3D-printed microrobots to be operated in biological fluids.
    MeSH term(s) Body Fluids ; Computer Simulation ; Equipment Design ; Magnetic Fields ; Movement ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Robotics/instrumentation
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2694-0604
    ISSN (online) 2694-0604
    DOI 10.1109/EMBC.2015.7319496
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Acoustic Fabrication via the Assembly and Fusion of Particles.

    Melde, Kai / Choi, Eunjin / Wu, Zhiguang / Palagi, Stefano / Qiu, Tian / Fischer, Peer

    Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

    2017  Volume 30, Issue 3

    Abstract: Acoustic assembly promises a route toward rapid parallel fabrication of whole objects directly from solution. This study reports the contact-free and maskless assembly, and fixing of silicone particles into arbitrary 2D shapes using ultrasound fields. ... ...

    Abstract Acoustic assembly promises a route toward rapid parallel fabrication of whole objects directly from solution. This study reports the contact-free and maskless assembly, and fixing of silicone particles into arbitrary 2D shapes using ultrasound fields. Ultrasound passes through an acoustic hologram to form a target image. The particles assemble from a suspension along lines of high pressure in the image due to acoustic radiation forces and are then fixed (crosslinked) in a UV-triggered reaction. For this, the particles are loaded with a photoinitiator by solvent-induced swelling. This localizes the reaction and allows the bulk suspension to be reused. The final fabricated parts are mechanically stable and self-supporting.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-12-04
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1474949-X
    ISSN 1521-4095 ; 0935-9648
    ISSN (online) 1521-4095
    ISSN 0935-9648
    DOI 10.1002/adma.201704507
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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