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Article ; Online: Neurodevelopmental effects of anesthesia on the unborn and the young: Do we still have to worry?

Devroe, Sarah / Palanisamy, Arvind

Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology

2023 Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–2

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Anesthesia/adverse effects ; Anesthesiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-05
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2051316-1
ISSN	1878-1608 ; 1753-3740 ; 1521-6896
ISSN (online)	1878-1608
ISSN	1753-3740 ; 1521-6896
DOI	10.1016/j.bpa.2023.04.009
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Article ; Online: Pregnancy-induced differential expression of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza a viral entry factors in the lower respiratory tract.

Giri, Tusar / Panda, Santosh / Palanisamy, Arvind

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 7, Page(s) e0281033

Abstract: Despite differences in the clinical presentation of coronavirus disease-19 and pandemic influenza in pregnancy, fundamental mechanistic insights are currently lacking because of the difficulty in recruiting critically ill pregnant subjects for research ... ...

Abstract	Despite differences in the clinical presentation of coronavirus disease-19 and pandemic influenza in pregnancy, fundamental mechanistic insights are currently lacking because of the difficulty in recruiting critically ill pregnant subjects for research studies. Therefore, to better understand host-pathogen interaction during pregnancy, we performed a series of foundational experiments in pregnant rats at term gestation to assess the expression of host entry factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza A virus (IAV) and genes associated with innate immune response in the lower respiratory tract. We report that pregnancy is characterized by a decrease in host factors mediating SARS-CoV-2 entry and an increase in host factors mediating IAV entry. Furthermore, using flow cytometric assessment of immune cell populations and immune provocation studies, we show an increased prevalence of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and a Type I interferon-biased environment in the lower respiratory tract of pregnancy, contrary to the expected immunological indolence. Our findings, therefore, suggest that the dissimilar clinical presentation of COVID-19 and pandemic influenza A in pregnancy could partly be due to differences in the extent of innate immune activation from altered viral tropism and indicate the need for comparative mechanistic investigations with live virus studies.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Pregnancy ; Animals ; Rats ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; Influenza, Human ; Virus Internalization ; Influenza A virus ; Respiratory System
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0281033
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Reduced severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 entry factors and enhanced innate immune gene expression in the nasal epithelium of pregnant rats.

Palanisamy, Arvind / Giri, Tusar

American journal of obstetrics and gynecology

2020 Volume 224, Issue 1, Page(s) 118–120

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; COVID-19/genetics ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/virology ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Markers ; Immunity, Innate/genetics ; Immunity, Innate/immunology ; Nasal Mucosa/immunology ; Nasal Mucosa/virology ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/genetics ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology ; Rats ; Receptors, Coronavirus/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity ; Virus Internalization
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Genetic Markers ; Receptors, Coronavirus
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	80016-8
ISSN	1097-6868 ; 0002-9378
ISSN (online)	1097-6868
ISSN	0002-9378
DOI	10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.010
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Article ; Online: What's new in Obstetric Anesthesia? The 2013 Gerard W. Ostheimer lecture.

Palanisamy, Arvind

Anesthesia and analgesia

2013 Volume 118, Issue 2, Page(s) 360–366

Abstract: The "What's New in Obstetric Anesthesia?" keynote lecture was established by the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology in memory of the eminent obstetric anesthesiologist, Dr. Gerard W. Ostheimer. From a wide selection of journals ... ...

Abstract	The "What's New in Obstetric Anesthesia?" keynote lecture was established by the Society for Obstetric Anesthesia and Perinatology in memory of the eminent obstetric anesthesiologist, Dr. Gerard W. Ostheimer. From a wide selection of journals encompassing the fields of obstetric anesthesia, obstetrics, and perinatology, the designated lecturer identifies articles of significant impact and interest published in the preceding year. The Ostheimer lecture, delivered this year at the annual meeting of the Society in April 2013 in San Juan, Puerto Rico, included highly relevant papers that have the potential to change obstetric anesthesia practice or impact public health. This review summarizes 5 categories of pertinent articles that were published in 2012 and discussed in the 2013 Ostheimer lecture: maternal diseases, labor and delivery, advances in obstetric anesthesia, obstetric complications, and anesthesia-related complications.
MeSH term(s)	Anesthesia, Obstetrical/adverse effects ; Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods ; Anesthesia, Obstetrical/trends ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Labor, Obstetric ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/prevention & control ; Pregnancy Complications/therapy ; Resuscitation
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-10-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Lecture ; Review
ZDB-ID	80032-6
ISSN	1526-7598 ; 0003-2999
ISSN (online)	1526-7598
ISSN	0003-2999
DOI	10.1213/ANE.0000000000000101
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Article ; Online: Treatment of acute-onset hypertension in pregnancy: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing anti-hypertensives and route of administration.

Bhat, Adithya D / Keasler, Paige M / Kolluru, Lavanya / Dombrowski, Michael M / Palanisamy, Arvind / Singh, Preet Mohinder

Pregnancy hypertension

2023 Volume 34, Page(s) 74–82

Abstract: Background: Consensus on the relative efficacy of available antihypertensive agents used in pregnancy is lacking.: Objective: To compare treatment success with antihypertensives and categorize by route of administration.: Search strategy: MEDLINE, ...

Abstract	Background: Consensus on the relative efficacy of available antihypertensive agents used in pregnancy is lacking. Objective: To compare treatment success with antihypertensives and categorize by route of administration. Search strategy: MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and clinicaltrials.gov were searched without date restriction. Data collection: Peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pharmacologic agents used to treat hypertension in parturients were included. Evaluated treatment groups included IV-labetalol (BBIV), IV-hydralazine (DIV), oral-nifedipine (CCBPO), sublingual nifedipine (CCBSL), IV-calcium channel blocker (nonspecific)(CCBIV), IV-nitroglycerine (NTG), epoprostenol infusion (PRO), IV-ketanserin (5HT2B), IV-diazoxide (BZO), oral-nifedipine + methyldopa (CCBAG), oral-methyl-dopa (AAG), and oral prazosin (ABPO). Analysis: Seventy-four studies (8324 patients) were eligible post PRISMA guidelines screening. Results were pooled using a Bayesian-approach for success of treatment (study defined target blood pressure), time to achieve target pressure, and neonatal intensive-care admissions. Results: Treatment success (primary outcome, 55 trials with 5518 patients) was analyzed. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) was categorized for 13 drugs, CCBPO (0.84) followed by CCBSL (0.78) were most likely to be effective in achieving target blood pressure. After sub-grouping by presence/absence of preeclampsia, CCB-PO ranked highest for both [(0.82) vs. (0.77), respectively]. Serotonin antagonists (0.99) and nitroglycerin (0.88) ranked highest for time to target pressure. NICU admissions were lowest for alpha-2 agonists (0.89), followed by BB PO (0.82) and hydralazine IV (0.49). Conclusion: Oral calcium-channel blockers ranked highest for treatment success. Ketanserin achieved target blood pressure fastest, warranting additional research. The results should be interpreted with caution as SUCRA values may not indicate whether the differences between interventions have clinically meaningful effect sizes.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use ; Hydralazine/therapeutic use ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Ketanserin/therapeutic use ; Methyldopa ; Network Meta-Analysis ; Nifedipine/therapeutic use ; Pre-Eclampsia/drug therapy ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Chemical Substances	Antihypertensive Agents ; Calcium Channel Blockers ; Hydralazine (26NAK24LS8) ; Ketanserin (97F9DE4CT4) ; Methyldopa (56LH93261Y) ; Nifedipine (I9ZF7L6G2L)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review
ZDB-ID	2584464-7
ISSN	2210-7797 ; 2210-7789
ISSN (online)	2210-7797
ISSN	2210-7789
DOI	10.1016/j.preghy.2023.10.005
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Anesthetics inhibit phosphorylation of the ribosomal protein S6 in mouse cultured cortical cells and developing brain.

Friese, Matthew B / Gujral, Taranjit S / Palanisamy, Arvind / Hemmer, Brittany / Culley, Deborah J / Crosby, Gregory

Frontiers in aging neuroscience

2023 Volume 15, Page(s) 1060186

Abstract: Introduction: The development and maintenance of neural circuits is highly sensitive to neural activity. General anesthetics have profound effects on neural activity and, as such, there is concern that these agents may alter cellular integrity and ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The development and maintenance of neural circuits is highly sensitive to neural activity. General anesthetics have profound effects on neural activity and, as such, there is concern that these agents may alter cellular integrity and interfere with brain wiring, such as when exposure occurs during the vulnerable period of brain development. Under those conditions, exposure to anesthetics in clinical use today causes changes in synaptic strength and number, widespread apoptosis, and long-lasting cognitive impairment in a variety of animal models. Remarkably, most anesthetics produce these effects despite having differing receptor mechanisms of action. We hypothesized that anesthetic agents mediate these effects by inducing a shared signaling pathway. Methods: We exposed cultured cortical cells to propofol, etomidate, or dexmedetomidine and assessed the protein levels of dozens of signaling molecules and post-translational modifications using reverse phase protein arrays. To probe the role of neural activity, we performed separate control experiments to alter neural activity with non-anesthetics. Having identified anesthetic-induced changes Results: All the anesthetic agents tested Discussion: Reduction in S6 phosphorylation and subsequent suppression of the mTOR pathway may be a common and novel signaling event that mediates the impact of general anesthetics on neural circuit development.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2558898-9
ISSN	1663-4365
ISSN	1663-4365
DOI	10.3389/fnagi.2023.1060186
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Article: Upregulated influenza A viral entry factors and enhanced interferon-alpha response in the nasal epithelium of pregnant rats

Giri, Tusar / Panda, Santosh / Kelly, Jeannie C. / Pancaro, Carlo / Palanisamy, Arvind

Heliyon. 2022 May, v. 8, no. 5

2022

Abstract: Despite the increased severity of influenza A infection in pregnancy, knowledge about the expression of cell entry factors for influenza A virus (IAV) and the innate immune response in the nasal epithelium, the primary portal of viral entry, is limited. ... ...

Abstract	Despite the increased severity of influenza A infection in pregnancy, knowledge about the expression of cell entry factors for influenza A virus (IAV) and the innate immune response in the nasal epithelium, the primary portal of viral entry, is limited. Here, we compared the expression of IAV cell entry factors and the status of the innate immune response in the nasal epithelium of pregnant vs. non-pregnant female rats. IAV cell entry factors — sialic acid [SA] α-2,3- and α-2,6-linked glycans for avian and human IAV, respectively — were detected and quantified with lectin-based immunoblotting and flow cytometry. Baseline frequencies of innate immune cell phenotypes in single cell suspensions of the nasal epithelium were studied with flow cytometry. Subsequently, the magnitude of interferon and cytokine responses was studied with ELISA and cytokine arrays after intranasal resiquimod, a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist that mimics IAV infection. We noted substantially increased expression of cell entry factors for both avian and human IAV in the nasal epithelium during pregnancy. Assessment of the innate immune state of the nasal epithelium during pregnancy revealed two previously unreported features: (i) increased presence of tissue-resident plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and (ii) markedly enhanced release of interferon-α but not of the other interferons or cytokines 2 h after intranasal resiquimod. Collectively, our findings challenge the conventional notion of pregnancy-induced immunosuppression as a cause for severe influenza A disease and suggest the need for focused studies on viral tropism during pregnancy to better understand the proximate cause for the observed immunopathology.
Keywords	Influenza A virus ; agonists ; birds ; cytokines ; epithelium ; females ; flow cytometry ; humans ; immunoblotting ; immunopathology ; immunosuppression ; influenza ; innate immunity ; interferon-alpha ; nose ; polysaccharides ; pregnancy ; sialic acid
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-05
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09407
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Reduced severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 entry factors and enhanced innate immune gene expression in the nasal epithelium of pregnant rats

Palanisamy, Arvind / Giri, Tusar

Am. j. obstet. gynecol

Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #845531
Database	COVID19

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Article: Upregulated influenza A viral entry factors and enhanced interferon-alpha response in the nasal epithelium of pregnant rats.

Giri, Tusar / Panda, Santosh / Kelly, Jeannie C / Pancaro, Carlo / Palanisamy, Arvind

Heliyon

2022 Volume 8, Issue 5, Page(s) e09407

Abstract	Despite the increased severity of influenza A infection in pregnancy, knowledge about the expression of cell entry factors for influenza A virus (IAV) and the innate immune response in the nasal epithelium, the primary portal of viral entry, is limited. Here, we compared the expression of IAV cell entry factors and the status of the innate immune response in the nasal epithelium of pregnant
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09407
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Article ; Online: Readability, Content, and Quality of Online Patient Education Materials on Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity in the Pediatric Population.

Freed, Karen / Taylor, Michael G / Toledo, Paloma / Kruse, Jessica H / Palanisamy, Arvind / Lange, Elizabeth M S

American journal of perinatology

2022

Abstract: Objective: Internet-based patient education materials (PEMs) are often above the recommended sixth grade reading level recommended by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. In 2016 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Internet-based patient education materials (PEMs) are often above the recommended sixth grade reading level recommended by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. In 2016 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released a warning statement against use of general anesthetic drugs in children and pregnant women due to concerns about neurotoxicity. The aim of this study is to evaluate readability, content, and quality of Internet-based PEMs on anesthesia in the pediatric population and neurotoxicity. Study design: The websites of U.S. medical centers with pediatric anesthesiology fellowship programs were searched for PEMs pertaining to pediatric anesthesia and neurotoxicity. Readability was assessed. PEM content was evaluated using matrices specific to pediatric anesthesia and neurotoxicity. PEM quality was assessed with the Patient Education Material Assessment Tool for Print. A one-sample Results: We identified 27 PEMs pertaining to pediatric anesthesia and eight to neurotoxicity. Mean readability of all PEMs was greater than a sixth grade reading ( Conclusion: The readability, content, and quality of PEMs are poor and should be improved to help parents and guardians make informed decisions about their children's health care. Key points: · The FDA issued a warning statement against the use of general anesthetic drugs in children and pregnant women.. · Readability, content, and quality of Internet-based patient education materials on the topic of neurotoxicity are poor.. · Improving the readability, content, and quality of PEMs could aid parents in making important health care decisions..
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605671-4
ISSN	1098-8785 ; 0735-1631
ISSN (online)	1098-8785
ISSN	0735-1631
DOI	10.1055/s-0042-1754408
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