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Article ; Online: New Trends in the Design of Enzyme-based Biosensors for Medical Applications.

Palchetti, Ilaria

2016 Volume 16, Issue 14, Page(s) 1125–1133

Abstract: A biosensor is a self-contained integrated device, which is capable of providing specific quantitative or semiquantitative analytical information using a biological (or biomimetic) recognition element, which is retained in direct spatial contact with an ... ...

Abstract	A biosensor is a self-contained integrated device, which is capable of providing specific quantitative or semiquantitative analytical information using a biological (or biomimetic) recognition element, which is retained in direct spatial contact with an electrochemical transduction element. One of the main features of biosensors is the remarkable selectivity that their biological components confer on them. Enzymes are the most common and well-developed recognition system of the family known as catalytic biosensors. This mini-review is focused on enzyme-based biosensors for medical applications. In particular, the new trends for the technology are described. A special emphasis is devoted to the non-invasive and painless monitoring of body metabolites, such as glucose.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biocatalysis ; Biosensing Techniques/instrumentation ; Biosensing Techniques/methods ; Blood Glucose/analysis ; Electrochemical Techniques/instrumentation ; Electrochemical Techniques/methods ; Equipment Design ; Glucose/analysis ; Humans ; Models, Molecular
Chemical Substances	Blood Glucose ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2104081-3
ISSN	1875-5607 ; 1389-5575
ISSN (online)	1875-5607
ISSN	1389-5575
DOI	10.2174/1389557516666160623101511
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Article ; Online: Progesterone and β-hCG Determination Using an Electrochemical Combo-Strip for Pregnancy Monitoring.

Laschi, Serena / Sfragano, Patrick Severin / Ranaldi, Francesco / Palchetti, Ilaria

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 20

Abstract: The development of analytical devices that can allow an easy, rapid and cost-effective measurement of multiple markers, such as progesterone and β-hCG, could have a role in decreasing the burden associated with pregnancy-related complications, such as ... ...

Abstract	The development of analytical devices that can allow an easy, rapid and cost-effective measurement of multiple markers, such as progesterone and β-hCG, could have a role in decreasing the burden associated with pregnancy-related complications, such as ectopic pregnancies. Indeed, ectopic pregnancies are a significant contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality in both high-income and low-income countries. In this work, an effective and highly performing electrochemical strip for a combo determination of progesterone and β-hCG was developed. Two immunosensing approaches were optimized for the determination of these two hormones on the same strip. The immunosensors were realized using cost-effective disposable electrode arrays and reagent-saving procedures. Each working electrode of the array was modified with both the IgG anti-β-hCG and anti-progesterone, respectively. By adding the specific reagents, progesterone or β-hCG can then be determined. Fast quantitative detection was achieved, with the analysis duration being around 1 h. Sensitivity and selectivity were assessed with a limit of detection of 1.5 × 10
MeSH term(s)	Pregnancy ; Female ; Humans ; Progesterone ; Biosensing Techniques ; Immunoassay ; Pregnancy, Ectopic ; Pregnancy Complications ; Chorionic Gonadotropin
Chemical Substances	Progesterone (4G7DS2Q64Y) ; Chorionic Gonadotropin
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms242015381
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Article ; Online: Practical tips and new trends in electrochemical biosensing of cancer-related extracellular vesicles.

Sfragano, Patrick Severin / Pillozzi, Serena / Condorelli, Gerolama / Palchetti, Ilaria

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry

2023 Volume 415, Issue 6, Page(s) 1087–1106

Abstract: To tackle cancer and provide prompt diagnoses and prognoses, the constantly evolving biosensing field is continuously on the lookout for novel markers that can be non-invasively analysed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may represent a promising biomarker ... ...

Abstract	To tackle cancer and provide prompt diagnoses and prognoses, the constantly evolving biosensing field is continuously on the lookout for novel markers that can be non-invasively analysed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may represent a promising biomarker that also works as a source of biomarkers. The augmented cellular activity of cancerous cells leads to the production of higher numbers of EVs, which can give direct information on the disease due to the presence of general and cancer-specific surface-tethered molecules. Moreover, the intravesicular space is enriched with other molecules that can considerably help in the early detection of neoplasia. Even though EV-targeted research has indubitably received broad attention lately, there still is a wide lack of practical and effective quantitative procedures due to difficulties in pre-analytical and analytical phases. This review aims at providing an exhaustive outline of the recent progress in EV detection using electrochemical and photoelectrochemical biosensors, with a focus on handling approaches and trends in the selection of bioreceptors and molecular targets related to EVs that might guide researchers that are approaching such an unstandardised field.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Extracellular Vesicles/chemistry ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Biosensing Techniques/methods
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-22
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	201093-8
ISSN	1618-2650 ; 0016-1152 ; 0372-7920
ISSN (online)	1618-2650
ISSN	0016-1152 ; 0372-7920
DOI	10.1007/s00216-023-04530-z
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Article ; Online: Label-Free Bioelectrochemical Methods for Evaluation of Anticancer Drug Effects at a Molecular Level.

Tadini-Buoninsegni, Francesco / Palchetti, Ilaria

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 20, Issue 7

Abstract: Cancer is a multifactorial family of diseases that is still a leading cause of death worldwide. More than 100 different types of cancer affecting over 60 human organs are known. Chemotherapy plays a central role for treating cancer. The development of ... ...

Abstract	Cancer is a multifactorial family of diseases that is still a leading cause of death worldwide. More than 100 different types of cancer affecting over 60 human organs are known. Chemotherapy plays a central role for treating cancer. The development of new anticancer drugs or new uses for existing drugs is an exciting and increasing research area. This is particularly important since drug resistance and side effects can limit the efficacy of the chemotherapy. Thus, there is a need for multiplexed, cost-effective, rapid, and novel screening methods that can help to elucidate the mechanism of the action of anticancer drugs and the identification of novel drug candidates. This review focuses on different label-free bioelectrochemical approaches, in particular, impedance-based methods, the solid supported membranes technique, and the DNA-based electrochemical sensor, that can be used to evaluate the effects of anticancer drugs on nucleic acids, membrane transporters, and living cells. Some relevant examples of anticancer drug interactions are presented which demonstrate the usefulness of such methods for the characterization of the mechanism of action of anticancer drugs that are targeted against various biomolecules.
MeSH term(s)	Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Biosensing Techniques ; DNA/drug effects ; DNA/genetics ; DNA/isolation & purification ; Dielectric Spectroscopy ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Neoplasms/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents ; DNA (9007-49-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s20071812
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Article ; Online: Functional polymers in photoelectrochemical biosensing.

Svitkova, Veronika / Palchetti, Ilaria

Bioelectrochemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

2020 Volume 136, Page(s) 107590

Abstract: Photoelectrochemical (PEC) analysis is a detection technique that has gained a wide attention in sensing applications. PEC presents the advantages of high sensitivity, low background signal, simple equipment and easy miniaturization. In PEC detection, ... ...

Abstract	Photoelectrochemical (PEC) analysis is a detection technique that has gained a wide attention in sensing applications. PEC presents the advantages of high sensitivity, low background signal, simple equipment and easy miniaturization. In PEC detection, light is used as an excitation source while current or voltage is measured as the output detection signal. The ability to couple the PEC process with specific bioreceptors gives PEC biosensing a unique advantage of being both selective and sensitive. The growing interest in PEC bioanalysis has resulted in essential progress in its analytical performance and biodetection applications. Functional polymers have different applications in the development of novel PEC biosensing platforms. Recently, the interest in polymer-based photoactive materials has emerged as they are efficient and less toxic alternatives to certain kinds of inorganic semiconductors and sensitizers. Moreover, molecularly imprinted polymers are a class of synthetic bioreceptors that are increasingly used in PEC bioanalytics. In this review, we will provide an overview on functional polymer-based PEC biosensing approaches. Novel classes of polymers as photoactive materials are reviewed and selected applications are described. Furthermore, molecularly imprinted polymers in the development of smart and sensitive PEC bioanalytical strategies are discussed.
MeSH term(s)	Biosensing Techniques/methods ; Electrochemical Techniques/methods ; Molecular Mimicry ; Photochemical Processes ; Polymers/chemistry ; Semiconductors
Chemical Substances	Polymers
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2010650-6
ISSN	1878-562X ; 0302-4598 ; 1567-5394
ISSN (online)	1878-562X
ISSN	0302-4598 ; 1567-5394
DOI	10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107590
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Article ; Online: Practical tips and new trends in electrochemical biosensing of cancer-related extracellular vesicles

Sfragano, Patrick Severin / Pillozzi, Serena / Condorelli, Gerolama / Palchetti, Ilaria

Anal Bioanal Chem. 2023 Mar., v. 415, no. 6 p.1087-1106

2023

Abstract	To tackle cancer and provide prompt diagnoses and prognoses, the constantly evolving biosensing field is continuously on the lookout for novel markers that can be non-invasively analysed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may represent a promising biomarker that also works as a source of biomarkers. The augmented cellular activity of cancerous cells leads to the production of higher numbers of EVs, which can give direct information on the disease due to the presence of general and cancer-specific surface-tethered molecules. Moreover, the intravesicular space is enriched with other molecules that can considerably help in the early detection of neoplasia. Even though EV-targeted research has indubitably received broad attention lately, there still is a wide lack of practical and effective quantitative procedures due to difficulties in pre-analytical and analytical phases. This review aims at providing an exhaustive outline of the recent progress in EV detection using electrochemical and photoelectrochemical biosensors, with a focus on handling approaches and trends in the selection of bioreceptors and molecular targets related to EVs that might guide researchers that are approaching such an unstandardised field.
Keywords	biomarkers ; biosensors ; electrochemistry ; neoplasms
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-03
Size	p. 1087-1106.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Review
ISSN	1618-2642
DOI	10.1007/s00216-023-04530-z
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Affinity biosensors for tumor-marker analysis.

Palchetti, Ilaria

Bioanalysis

2014 Volume 6, Issue 24, Page(s) 3417–3435

Abstract: The use of cancer biomarkers is emerging as one of the most promising strategies for early detection and management of cancer. Biosensors can provide advanced platforms for biomarker analysis with the advantages of being easy to use, inexpensive, rapid ... ...

Abstract	The use of cancer biomarkers is emerging as one of the most promising strategies for early detection and management of cancer. Biosensors can provide advanced platforms for biomarker analysis with the advantages of being easy to use, inexpensive, rapid and offering multi-analyte testing capability. The intention of this article is to discuss recent advances and trends in affinity biosensors for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and even theragnosis. The different types of affinity biosensors will be reviewed in terms of molecular recognition element. Current challenges and trends for this technology will be also discussed, with a particular emphasis on recent developments in miRNA detection.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Biosensing Techniques/methods ; Humans ; Neoplasms/diagnosis
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers, Tumor
Language	English
Publishing date	2014
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	1757-6199
ISSN (online)	1757-6199
DOI	10.4155/bio.14.247
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Article ; Online: Nanotoxicity assessment: A challenging application for cutting edge electroanalytical tools.

Bettazzi, Francesca / Palchetti, Ilaria

Analytica chimica acta

2019 Volume 1072, Page(s) 61–74

Abstract: In the recent years, the number of commercial products containing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) has increased exponentially. Consequently, the toxicological profile of ENMs on the ecosystems as well as on human health has to be carefully evaluated. ... ...

Abstract	In the recent years, the number of commercial products containing engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) has increased exponentially. Consequently, the toxicological profile of ENMs on the ecosystems as well as on human health has to be carefully evaluated. Nanotoxicology, an interdisciplinary research area devoted to assessing the hazards associated with ENMs, is expanding rapidly. Many physicochemical techniques and biochemical methodologies have been proposed and are currently used to characterize nanomaterials from a toxicological point of view. Electroanalytical and bioelectrochemical methods can be useful in expanding the repertoire of accessible nanotoxicity-assessment technologies and to accelerate the testing and screening of the toxicological effects of ENMs. These methods can be used for elucidating the toxicological behavior of ENMs at single cell, cell population and whole-organism levels, for in vitro and in vivo measurements, respectively. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the bioelectrochemical approaches that have been proposed for ENMs toxicity assessment. Furthermore, an overview on cutting-edge electroanalytical devices with a potential impact to this peculiar application is provided.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Electrochemical Techniques ; Humans ; Nanostructures/adverse effects ; Nanostructures/analysis ; Nanostructures/toxicity ; Nanotechnology
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-02
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1483436-4
ISSN	1873-4324 ; 0003-2670
ISSN (online)	1873-4324
ISSN	0003-2670
DOI	10.1016/j.aca.2019.04.035
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Article ; Online: A microfluidic card-based electrochemical assay for the detection of sulfonamide resistance genes.

Sfragano, Patrick Severin / Reynoso, Eduardo Canek / Rojas-Ruíz, Norma Elena / Laschi, Serena / Rossi, Giulia / Buchinger, Martin / Torres, Eduardo / Palchetti, Ilaria

Talanta

2024 Volume 271, Page(s) 125718

Abstract: Most electroanalytical detection schemes for DNA markers require considerable time and effort from expert personnel to thoroughly follow the analysis and obtain reliable outcomes. This work aims to present an electrochemical assay performed inside a ... ...

Abstract	Most electroanalytical detection schemes for DNA markers require considerable time and effort from expert personnel to thoroughly follow the analysis and obtain reliable outcomes. This work aims to present an electrochemical assay performed inside a small card-based platform powered by microfluidic manipulation, requiring minimal human intervention and consumables. The assay couples a sample/signal dual amplification and DNA-modified magnetic particles for the detection of DNA amplification products. Particularly, the sul1 and sul4 genes involved in the resistance against sulfonamide antibiotics were analyzed. As recognized by the World Health Organization, antimicrobial resistance threatens global public health by hampering medication efficacy against infections. Consequently, analytical methods for the determination of such genes in environmental and clinical matrices are imperative. Herein, the resistance genes were extracted from E. coli cells and amplified using an enzyme-assisted isothermal amplification at 37 °C. The amplification products were analyzed in an easily-produced, low-cost, card-based set-up implementing a microfluidic system, demanding limited manual work and small sample volumes. The target amplicon was thus captured and isolated using versatile DNA-modified magnetic beads injected into the microchannel and exposed to the various reagents in a continuously controlled microfluidic flow. After the optimization of the efficiency of each phase of the assay, the platform achieved limits of detections of 44.2 pmol L
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Microfluidics/methods ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; DNA ; Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	DNA (9007-49-2) ; Sulfonamides
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1500969-5
ISSN	1873-3573 ; 0039-9140
ISSN (online)	1873-3573
ISSN	0039-9140
DOI	10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125718
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Article: Electrochemical sensors based on sewage sludge–derived biochar for the analysis of anthocyanins in berry fruits

Sfragano, Patrick Severin / Laschi, Serena / Renai, Lapo / Fichera, Michelangelo / Del Bubba, Massimo / Palchetti, Ilaria

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. 2022 Sept., v. 414, no. 21

2022

Abstract: The reutilization of waste and the reduction of the general environmental impact of every production are fundamental goals that must be achieved in the framework of a circular economy. Recycled carbon-rich materials may represent a promising alternative ... ...

Abstract	The reutilization of waste and the reduction of the general environmental impact of every production are fundamental goals that must be achieved in the framework of a circular economy. Recycled carbon-rich materials may represent a promising alternative to other less-sustainable carbonaceous materials used in the production of electrochemical sensing platforms. Herein, we propose an innovative carbon paste electrode (CPE) composed of biochar derived from biological sludge obtained from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants. The physicochemical properties of the biochar after a chemical treatment with an acidic solution obtained from industrial by-products were investigated. The electrode surface characterization was carried out by analyzing common redox probes and multiple phenols bearing varying numbers of –OH and –OCH₃ groups in their structure. Furthermore, the CPE was also tested on the evaluation of the phenolic fingerprints of Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum subsp. gaultherioides, and Fragaria × ananassa. Standard anthocyanin mixtures and extracts of the aforementioned fruits were analyzed to provide a phenolic characterization of real samples. The obtained results show that the sewage sludge–derived biochar can be a promising material for the development of electroanalytical sensors.
Keywords	Fragaria ananassa ; Vaccinium myrtillus ; Vaccinium uliginosum ; analytical chemistry ; anthocyanins ; biochar ; carbon electrodes ; chemical treatment ; circular economy ; electrochemistry ; environmental impact ; industrial wastewater treatment ; sewage ; sludge
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Size	p. 6295-6307.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article
ISSN	1618-2642
DOI	10.1007/s00216-022-04062-y
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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