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  1. Article: Time-restricted feeding restores metabolic flexibility in adult mice with excess adiposity.

    Yan, Lin / Rust, Bret M / Palmer, Daniel G

    Frontiers in nutrition

    2024  Volume 11, Page(s) 1340735

    Abstract: Introduction: Obesity is prevalent with the adult population in the United States. Energy-dense diets and erratic eating behavior contribute to obesity. Time-restricted eating is a dietary strategy in humans that has been advanced to reduce the ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Obesity is prevalent with the adult population in the United States. Energy-dense diets and erratic eating behavior contribute to obesity. Time-restricted eating is a dietary strategy in humans that has been advanced to reduce the propensity for obesity. We hypothesized that time-restricted feeding (TRF) would improve metabolic flexibility and normalize metabolic function in adult mice with established excess adiposity.
    Methods: Male C57BL/6NHsd mice were initially fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to establish excess body adiposity, while control mice were fed a normal diet. Then, the HFD-fed mice were assigned to two groups, either
    Results and discussion: Energy intake and body fat mass were similar in TRF and HFD-fed mice. TRF restored rhythmic oscillations of respiratory exchange ratio (RER), which had been flattened by the HFD, with greater RER amplitude in the dark phase. Insulin sensitivity was improved and plasma cholesterol and hepatic triacylglycerol were decreased by TRF. When compared to HFD, TRF decreased transcription of circadian genes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-15
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2776676-7
    ISSN 2296-861X
    ISSN 2296-861X
    DOI 10.3389/fnut.2024.1340735
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  2. Article ; Online: Anxiety Screening in Polytrauma Patients by Use of Single-Item Reporting With the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory: How Brief Is Too Brief?

    Palmer, Glen A / Palmer, Daniel G

    Psychological reports

    2021  Volume 125, Issue 6, Page(s) 2922–2935

    Abstract: Purpose/objective: This study examined the clinical utility of a single item for anxiety from the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) in determining the need for mental health referral for veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI).: Research ... ...

    Abstract Purpose/objective: This study examined the clinical utility of a single item for anxiety from the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) in determining the need for mental health referral for veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI).
    Research method/design: Three hundred eighty veterans referred for TBI evaluation were administered the NSI and a common anxiety screening measure (Beck Anxiety Inventory; BAI). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to determine ideal BAI total cutoff scores for a single item of the NSI pertaining to anxiety (i.e., "anxious or tense").
    Results: Using multiclass ROC curve analyses, NSI scores of 3 and 4 for the sample were comparable to scores of 11 and 22 on the BAI, respectively. Post hoc ROC curve analyses were then conducted on the sample after removal of potentially invalid NSI protocols (i.e., Validity-10 scores greater than 22), and NSI scores 3 and 4 corresponded with scores of 11 and 20, respectively.
    Conclusion/implications: A minimum score of 3 (severe) on the NSI item was deemed sufficient to indicate the need for further mental health referral without warranting additional screening for anxiety. Further analyses also revealed that removal of positive Validity-10 protocols did not significantly change ROC curve findings, suggesting that the particular NSI item for anxiety can still be used for clinical purposes despite an otherwise invalid protocol. Implications for treatment and recommendations pertaining to when additional screening might be required are discussed.
    MeSH term(s) Anxiety/diagnosis ; Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis ; Humans ; Multiple Trauma ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/diagnosis ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology ; Veterans/psychology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 205658-6
    ISSN 1558-691X ; 0033-2941
    ISSN (online) 1558-691X
    ISSN 0033-2941
    DOI 10.1177/00332941211031789
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  3. Article ; Online: Single-item depression screening with the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI): Do scores assist clinicians with predicting need for mental health interventions?

    Palmer, Glen A / Palmer, Daniel G / McMillen, Taylor N

    Psychological services

    2022  Volume 20, Issue 3, Page(s) 690–696

    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a single item for depression from the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and a common depression screening measure to predict need for further mental health consultation for veterans ... ...

    Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between a single item for depression from the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and a common depression screening measure to predict need for further mental health consultation for veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Three hundred eighty veterans referred to a Veterans Affairs Health Care System TBI clinic for evaluation were administered the NSI and a common depression screening measure (Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition; BDI-II). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to determine best cutoff scores on the BDI-II corresponding with a single item of the NSI item pertaining to depression (i.e., "depressed or sad"). Using multiclass ROC curve analyses, results suggested that a minimum score of 3 (severe) on the specific NSI item indicated need for further mental health referral without warranting additional screening for depression. Analyses further demonstrated that removal of invalid NSI protocols did not significantly change ROC curve findings. Therefore, the NSI item for depression can still be used for making clinical decisions despite the protocol being considered otherwise invalid. Implications for treatment and recommendations for screening are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Depression/diagnosis ; Mental Health ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic ; Veterans/psychology ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2156662-8
    ISSN 1939-148X ; 1541-1559
    ISSN (online) 1939-148X
    ISSN 1541-1559
    DOI 10.1037/ser0000652
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  4. Article ; Online: Efficacy of Butyrate to Inhibit Colonic Cancer Cell Growth Is Cell Type-Specific and Apoptosis-Dependent.

    Oncel, Sema / Safratowich, Bryan D / Lindlauf, James E / Liu, Zhenhua / Palmer, Daniel G / Briske-Anderson, Mary / Zeng, Huawei

    Nutrients

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 4

    Abstract: Increasing dietary fiber consumption is linked to lower colon cancer incidence, and this anticancer effect is tied to elevated levels of short-chain fatty acids (e.g., butyrate) because of the fermentation of fiber by colonic bacteria. While butyrate ... ...

    Abstract Increasing dietary fiber consumption is linked to lower colon cancer incidence, and this anticancer effect is tied to elevated levels of short-chain fatty acids (e.g., butyrate) because of the fermentation of fiber by colonic bacteria. While butyrate inhibits cancer cell proliferation, the impact on cancer cell type remains largely unknown. To test the hypothesis that butyrate displays different inhibitory potentials due to cancer cell type, we determined half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Butyrates/pharmacology ; Caco-2 Cells ; Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Fatty Acids, Volatile ; Cell Proliferation
    Chemical Substances Butyrates ; Fatty Acids, Volatile
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-14
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu16040529
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  5. Article: Consumption of a high-fat diet alters transcriptional rhythmicity in liver from pubertal mice.

    Yan, Lin / Sundaram, Sneha / Rust, Bret M / Palmer, Daniel G / Johnson, LuAnn K / Zeng, Huawei

    Frontiers in nutrition

    2023  Volume 9, Page(s) 1068350

    Abstract: Introduction: Childhood obesity is associated with adult obesity, which is a risk factor for chronic diseases. Obesity, as an environmental cue, alters circadian rhythms. The hypothesis of this study was that consumption of a high-fat diet alters ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Childhood obesity is associated with adult obesity, which is a risk factor for chronic diseases. Obesity, as an environmental cue, alters circadian rhythms. The hypothesis of this study was that consumption of a high-fat diet alters metabolic rhythms in pubertal mice.
    Methods: Weanling female C57BL/6NHsd mice were fed a standard AIN93G diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 3 weeks. Livers were collected from six-week-old mice every 4 h over a period of 48 h for transcriptome analysis.
    Results and discussion: The HFD altered rhythmicity of differentially rhythmic transcripts in liver. Specifically, the HFD elevated expression of circadian genes
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-04
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2776676-7
    ISSN 2296-861X
    ISSN 2296-861X
    DOI 10.3389/fnut.2022.1068350
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  6. Article ; Online: Biochemical Validation of a Self-Administered Carotenoid Intake Screener to Assess Carotenoid Intake in Nonobese Adults.

    Casperson, Shanon L / Scheett, Angela / Palmer, Daniel G / Jahns, Lisa / Hess, Julie M / Roemmich, James N

    Current developments in nutrition

    2022  Volume 7, Issue 2, Page(s) 100024

    Abstract: Background: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between carotenoid intake and health. However, an accurate measurement of carotenoid intake is challenging. FFQ is the most commonly used dietary assessment method and is typically ... ...

    Abstract Background: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between carotenoid intake and health. However, an accurate measurement of carotenoid intake is challenging. FFQ is the most commonly used dietary assessment method and is typically composed of 100-200 items. However, the greater participant burden that accompanies a more detailed FFQ provides only a marginal gain in accuracy. Therefore, a brief validated carotenoid intake screener is needed.
    Objectives: To conduct secondary analysis evaluating the validity of a newly developed 44-item carotenoid intake screener from The Juice Study: Sensitivity of Skin Carotenoid Status to Detect Change in Intake (NCT03202043) against corresponding plasma carotenoid concentrations (primary) and skin carotenoids (secondary) in nonobese Midwestern American adults.
    Methods: Healthy adults (
    Results: The total carotenoid intake, as determined by the carotenoid intake screener, correlated with both the plasma total carotenoid concentration (r = 0.52;
    Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate an acceptable relative validity of the carotenoid intake screener to assess total carotenoid intake in adults classified as those having a healthy body or those with overweight.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-23
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2475-2991
    ISSN (online) 2475-2991
    DOI 10.1016/j.cdnut.2022.100024
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  7. Article ; Online: Sensitivity of Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy to Detect Changes in Skin Carotenoids in Adults Without Obesity in Response to Increased Carotenoid Intake: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

    Casperson, Shanon L / Roemmich, James N / Larson, Kate J / Hess, Julie M / Palmer, Daniel G / Jahns, Lisa

    The Journal of nutrition

    2023  Volume 153, Issue 2, Page(s) 588–597

    Abstract: Background: The sensitivity of commercially available devices to detect changes in skin carotenoids is not known.: Objectives: We aimed to determine the sensitivity of pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (RS) to detect changes in skin ... ...

    Abstract Background: The sensitivity of commercially available devices to detect changes in skin carotenoids is not known.
    Objectives: We aimed to determine the sensitivity of pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (RS) to detect changes in skin carotenoids in response to increasing carotenoid intake.
    Methods: Nonobese adults were randomly assigned to a control (water; n = 20; females = 15 (75%); mean age: 31 ± 3 (SE) y; mean BMI: 26 ± 1 kg/m
    Results: A correlation was observed between skin and plasma carotenoids (r = 0.65; P < 0.001). Skin carotenoids were greater than baseline starting at week 1 in the HIGH (290 ± 20 vs. 321 ± 24 RSI; P ≤ 0.01), week 2 in the MED (274 ± 18 vs. 290 ± 23 RSI; P ≤ 0.03), and week 3 in the LOW (261 ± 18 vs. 288 ± 15 RSI; P ≤ 0.03). Compared with control, differences in skin carotenoids were observed starting at week 2 in the HIGH ([268 ± 16 vs. 338 ± 26 RSI; P ≤ 0.01] except for week 3 [287 ± 20 vs. 335 ± 26 RSI; P = 0.08]) and week 6 in the MED (303 ± 26 vs. 363 ± 27 RSI; P ≤ 0.03). No differences were observed between the control and LOW.
    Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that RS can detect changes in skin carotenoids in adults without obesity when daily carotenoid intake is increased by 13.1 mg for a minimum of 3 wk. However, a minimum difference in intake of 23.9 mg of carotenoids is needed to detect group differences. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT03202043.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Adult ; Humans ; Diet ; Carotenoids ; Fruit/chemistry ; Vegetables ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman/methods ; Obesity ; Skin
    Chemical Substances Carotenoids (36-88-4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Randomized Controlled Trial ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 218373-0
    ISSN 1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
    ISSN (online) 1541-6100
    ISSN 0022-3166
    DOI 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.01.002
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  8. Article ; Online: Dietary Guidelines Meet NOVA: Developing a Menu for A Healthy Dietary Pattern Using Ultra-Processed Foods.

    Hess, Julie M / Comeau, Madeline E / Casperson, Shanon / Slavin, Joanne L / Johnson, Guy H / Messina, Mark / Raatz, Susan / Scheett, Angela J / Bodensteiner, Anne / Palmer, Daniel G

    The Journal of nutrition

    2023  Volume 153, Issue 8, Page(s) 2472–2481

    Abstract: Background: A proposed topic for the 2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) Scientific Advisory Committee to address is the relationship between dietary patterns with ultra-processed foods (UPF) and body composition and weight status. Implementing ... ...

    Abstract Background: A proposed topic for the 2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) Scientific Advisory Committee to address is the relationship between dietary patterns with ultra-processed foods (UPF) and body composition and weight status. Implementing the NOVA system, the most commonly applied framework for determining whether a food is "ultra-processed," in dietary guidance could omit several nutrient-dense foods from recommended healthy diets in the DGA.
    Objective: The purpose of this proof-of-concept study was to determine the feasibility of building a menu that aligns with recommendations for a healthy dietary pattern from the 2020 DGA and includes ≥80% kcal from UPF as defined by NOVA.
    Design: To accomplish this objective, we first developed a list of foods that fit NOVA criteria for UPF, fit within dietary patterns in the 2020 DGA, and are commonly consumed by Americans. We then used these foods to develop a 7-d, 2000 kcal menu modeled on MyPyramid sample menus and assessed this menu for nutrient content as well as for diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015).
    Results: In the ultra-processed DGA menu that was created, 91% of kcal were from UPF, or NOVA category 4. The HEI-2015 score was 86 out of a possible 100 points. This sample menu did not achieve a perfect score due primarily to excess sodium and an insufficient amount of whole grains. This menu provided adequate amounts of all macro- and micronutrients except vitamin D, vitamin E, and choline.
    Conclusions: Healthy dietary patterns can include most of their energy from UPF, still receive a high diet quality score, and contain adequate amounts of most macro- and micronutrients.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Food, Processed ; Diet ; Nutrition Policy ; Food Handling ; Vitamins ; Micronutrients ; Fast Foods ; Energy Intake
    Chemical Substances Vitamins ; Micronutrients
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 218373-0
    ISSN 1541-6100 ; 0022-3166
    ISSN (online) 1541-6100
    ISSN 0022-3166
    DOI 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.06.028
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