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Article: On Decreasing the Exposure Necessary for the Gelatin Determination.

Rush, J E / Palmer, G A

2006 Volume 6, Issue 6, Page(s) 571–574

Language	English
Publishing date	2006-01-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2968-3
ISSN	1098-5530 ; 0021-9193
ISSN (online)	1098-5530
ISSN	0021-9193
DOI	10.1128/jb.6.6.571-574.1921
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Article: Breast cancer: diagnosis and treatment.

Palmer, G A

Nurse practitioner forum

1993 Volume 4, Issue 2, Page(s) 100–104

Abstract: Advanced breast cancer is a complicated disease. To adequately treat it, the physician must fully stage the patient. Treatment options are determined by the amount of disease and the type of breast cancer. These include hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, ... ...

Abstract	Advanced breast cancer is a complicated disease. To adequately treat it, the physician must fully stage the patient. Treatment options are determined by the amount of disease and the type of breast cancer. These include hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, surgical therapy, and radiotherapy. At times some or all of these are used either in combination or sequentially. Newer experimental therapies are promising. Even so, once the disease has spread beyond the breast and regional lymph nodes, it is not generally curable. Emphasis on early detection is justified for this reason.
MeSH term(s)	Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Breast Neoplasms/nursing ; Breast Neoplasms/therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Nurse Practitioners ; Prognosis
Language	English
Publishing date	1993-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1069412-2
ISSN	1045-5485
ISSN	1045-5485
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Article: Autonomous parvoviruses as gene transfer vehicles.

Palmer, G A / Tattersall, P

Contributions to microbiology

2000 Volume 4, Page(s) 178–202

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; DNA Replication ; DNA, Viral/biosynthesis ; Gene Transfer Techniques ; Humans ; Parvovirus/genetics ; Parvovirus/physiology ; Virus Replication
Chemical Substances	DNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2000
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. ; Review
ISSN	1420-9519
ISSN	1420-9519
DOI	10.1159/000060337
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Book: Wheat protein and end product quality

Palmer, G. A

(Technical report / Department of Agriculture, South Australia, ; no. 161)

1990

Author's details	G.A. Palmer
Series title	Technical report / Department of Agriculture, South Australia, ; no. 161
Keywords	plants ; plant cultural practices ; field crops ; crop production ; agronomy
Language	English
Size	18 p. :, ill. ;, 30 cm.
Publisher	Dept. of Agriculture
Publishing place	Adelaide, S. Aust
Document type	Book
Note	"March 1990." ; "AGDEX 112/88"--Cover. ; "Protein for profit"--Cover.
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Vemurafenib response in 2 patients with posttransplant refractory BRAF V600E-mutated multiple myeloma.

Sharman, J P / Chmielecki, J / Morosini, D / Palmer, G A / Ross, J S / Stephens, P J / Stafl, J / Miller, V A / Ali, S M

Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia

2014 Volume 14, Issue 5, Page(s) e161–3

MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use ; Boronic Acids/administration & dosage ; Bortezomib ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Dexamethasone/administration & dosage ; Disease Progression ; Fatal Outcome ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Humans ; Indoles/therapeutic use ; Male ; Mediastinal Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Mediastinal Neoplasms/pathology ; Mediastinal Neoplasms/therapy ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy ; Multiple Myeloma/etiology ; Multiple Myeloma/genetics ; Mutation, Missense ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics ; Neoplasms, Second Primary ; Osteolysis/etiology ; Osteolysis/pathology ; Osteolysis/radiotherapy ; Palliative Care ; Plasmacytoma/drug therapy ; Plasmacytoma/pathology ; Plasmacytoma/therapy ; Point Mutation ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/genetics ; Pyrazines/administration & dosage ; Remission Induction ; Salvage Therapy ; Sulfonamides/therapeutic use ; Thalidomide/administration & dosage ; Thalidomide/analogs & derivatives ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents ; Boronic Acids ; Indoles ; Neoplasm Proteins ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Pyrazines ; Sulfonamides ; vemurafenib (207SMY3FQT) ; Thalidomide (4Z8R6ORS6L) ; Bortezomib (69G8BD63PP) ; Dexamethasone (7S5I7G3JQL) ; BRAF protein, human (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf (EC 2.7.11.1) ; lenalidomide (F0P408N6V4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2540992-X
ISSN	2152-2669 ; 2152-2650
ISSN (online)	2152-2669
ISSN	2152-2650
DOI	10.1016/j.clml.2014.06.004
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Article: Disulfide bonds between two envelope proteins of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus are essential for viral infectivity.

Faaberg, K S / Even, C / Palmer, G A / Plagemann, P G

Journal of virology

1995 Volume 69, Issue 1, Page(s) 613–617

Abstract: Disulfide bonds were found to link the nonglycosylated envelope protein VP-2/M (19 kDa), encoded by open reading frame 6, and the major envelope glycoprotein VP-3 (25 to 42 kDa), encoded by open reading frame 5, of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus ( ... ...

Abstract	Disulfide bonds were found to link the nonglycosylated envelope protein VP-2/M (19 kDa), encoded by open reading frame 6, and the major envelope glycoprotein VP-3 (25 to 42 kDa), encoded by open reading frame 5, of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV). The two proteins comigrated in a complex of 45 to 55 kDa when the virion proteins were electrophoresed under nonreducing conditions but dissociated under reducing conditions. Furthermore, VP-2/M was quantitatively precipitated along with VP-3 in this complex by three neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to VP-3. The infectivity of LDV was rapidly and irreversibly lost during incubation with 5 to 10 mM dithiothreitol (> 99% in 6 h at room temperature), which is known to reduce disulfide bonds. LDV inactivation correlated with dissociation of VP-2/M and VP-3. The results suggest that disulfide bonds between VP-2/M and VP-3 are important for LDV infectivity. Hydrophobic moment analyses of the predicted proteins suggest that VP-2/M and VP-3 both possess three adjacent transmembrane segments and only very short ectodomains (10 and 32 amino acids, respectively) with one and two cysteines, respectively. Inactivation of LDV by dithiothreitol and dissociation of the two envelope proteins were not associated with alterations in LDV's density or sedimentation coefficient.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Disulfides/chemistry ; Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus/metabolism ; Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus/pathogenicity ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry ; Viral Envelope Proteins/physiology
Chemical Substances	Disulfides ; Viral Envelope Proteins
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	1995-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	80174-4
ISSN	1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
ISSN	0022-538X
DOI	10.1128/JVI.69.1.613-617.1995
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Article: The treatment of choroidal neovascular membranes by alpha interferon. An efficacy and toxicity study.

Chan, C K / Kempin, S J / Noble, S K / Palmer, G A

Ophthalmology

1994 Volume 101, Issue 2, Page(s) 289–300

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this phase 2 study was to determine the potential efficacy and safety of systemic alpha interferon in the treatment of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization associated with age-related macular degeneration or ocular ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: The purpose of this phase 2 study was to determine the potential efficacy and safety of systemic alpha interferon in the treatment of subfoveal choroidal neovascularization associated with age-related macular degeneration or ocular histoplasmosis. Method: Subcutaneous alpha interferon was administered to 24 patients (24 eyes), and they were prospectively studied. Alpha interferon was administered subcutaneously four times daily at a dose of 3 x 10(6) U/m2 (average total dose, 204 MU). The studied parameters included best-corrected visual acuity, membrane size, blood, exudates, and subretinal fluid. Toxic effects and performance status were graded according to the National Cancer Institute toxicity criteria and Karnofsky performance scale, respectively. Results: Of the 24 treated eyes, 5 (21%) showed objective evidence of anatomic improvement, as defined by decrease in membrane size or improvement in fluorescein angiographic characteristics, but in only 3 of these 5 was the improvement maintained. The same three patients achieved and maintained functional success (visual improvement). Two of the five patients with initial anatomic improvement had subsequent membrane recurrence, which resulted in no visual change in one but visual loss in the other. For the majority of patients, the anatomic and visual status remained the same or became worse after treatment. All patients experienced some degree of adverse reactions involving multiple organ systems. Decreased performance status affected 80% of the patients. Conclusion: This study documents that regression of choroidal neovascularization that occurred with alpha interferon treatment was minimal. Toxic effects interfering with patients' performance status are associated with alpha interferon treatment. Although a randomized trial of interferon versus no therapy may be warranted, fundamental issues (i.e., the biologic properties of interferon versus other more potent agents against choroidal neovascularization, medication dosages, and routes of administration), need to be addressed before embarking on such a trial.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Choroid/blood supply ; Choroid/drug effects ; Choroid/pathology ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Interferon alpha-2 ; Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage ; Interferon-alpha/adverse effects ; Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use ; Macular Degeneration/complications ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Recombinant Proteins
Chemical Substances	Interferon alpha-2 ; Interferon-alpha ; Recombinant Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	1994-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Clinical Trial ; Clinical Trial, Phase II ; Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	392083-5
ISSN	1549-4713 ; 0161-6420
ISSN (online)	1549-4713
ISSN	0161-6420
DOI	10.1016/s0161-6420(94)31349-2
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Zs.MO 533: Show issues

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Book ; Article ; Online: Hairy roots as a vaccine production and delivery system

Skarjinskaia, M. / Ruby, K. / Araujo, A. / Taylor, K. / Gopalasamy-Raju, V. / Musiychuk, K. / Chichester, J.A. / Palmer, G.A. / Rosa, P. de la / Mett, V. / Ugulava, N. / Streatfield, S.J. / Yusibov, V.

2013

Abstract: S.115-134 ... Prevention of infectious diseases by vaccination is often limited because of the lack of safe, effective, and accessible vaccines. Traditional vaccines are expensive and require special conditions for storage, distribution, and administration. ...

Abstract	S.115-134 Prevention of infectious diseases by vaccination is often limited because of the lack of safe, effective, and accessible vaccines. Traditional vaccines are expensive and require special conditions for storage, distribution, and administration. Plants have potential for large-scale production of a variety of inexpensive and highly effective recombinant proteins for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, including subunit vaccines. There are several approaches for the production of vaccine antigens in plants, including transient expression systems based on Agrobacterium delivery of binary vectors or plant viral vectors, stable transgenic plants, and plant cell or tissue cultures. Axenic plant cultures maintained under defined physical and chemical conditions appear to be an attractive production platform when target proteins need to be synthesized in a fully controlled environment. Hairy root cultures meet the criteria for such a system. Hairy root cultures, generated from edible plants and producing target antigens, provide a potential approach for the development of vaccines for oral delivery. With this approach, there are no protein extraction and purification costs and the active biomolecule is protected by the plant cell wall during passage through the upper gastrointestinal tract. This allows for gradual release of antigen at mucosal surfaces in the gut. Lyophilized hairy root cultures expressing vaccine antigens can be stored at ambient temperature for extended periods of time, which should facilitate storage and distribution, ultimately allowing for large populations to be vaccinated.
Subject code	580
Language	English
Publishing country	de
Document type	Book ; Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Coexistence in lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus pools of variants that differ in neuropathogenicity and ability to establish a persistent infection.

Chen, Z / Rowland, R R / Anderson, G W / Palmer, G A / Plagemann, P G

Journal of virology

1997 Volume 71, Issue 4, Page(s) 2913–2920

Abstract: Neuropathogenic isolates of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) differ from nonneuropathogenic isolates in their unique ability to infect anterior horn neurons of immunosuppressed C58 and AKR mice and cause paralytic disease (age-dependent ... ...

Abstract	Neuropathogenic isolates of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) differ from nonneuropathogenic isolates in their unique ability to infect anterior horn neurons of immunosuppressed C58 and AKR mice and cause paralytic disease (age-dependent poliomyelitis [ADPM]). However, we and others have found that neuropathogenic LDVs fail to retain their neuropathogenicity during persistent infections of both ADPM-susceptible and nonsusceptible mice. On the basis of a segment in open reading frame 2 that differs about 60% between the neuropathogenic LDV-C and the nonneuropathogenic LDV-P, we have developed a reverse transcription-PCR assay that distinguishes between the genomes of the two LDVs and detects as little as 10 50% infectious doses (ID50) of LDV. With this assay, we found that LDV-P and LDV-C coexist in most available pools of LDV-C and LDV-P. For example, various plasma pools of 10(9.5) ID50 of LDV-C/ml contained about 10(5) ID50 of LDV-P/ml. Injection of such an LDV-C pool into mice of various strains resulted in the rapid displacement in the circulation of LDV-C by LDV-P as the predominant LDV, but LDV-C also persisted in the mice at a low level along with LDV-P. We have freed LDV-C of LDV-P by endpoint dilution (LDV-C-EPD). LDV-C-EPD infected mice as efficiently as did LDV-P, but its level of viremia during the persistent phase was only 1/10,000 that observed for LDV-P. LDV-permissive macrophages accumulated and supported the efficient replication of superinfecting LDV-P. Therefore, although neuropathogenic LDVs possess the unique ability to infect anterior horn neurons of ADPM-susceptible mice, they exhibit a reduced ability to establish a persistent infection in peripheral tissues of mice regardless of the strain. The specific suppression of LDV-C replication in persistently infected mice is probably due in part to a more efficient neutralization of LDV-C than LDV-P by antibodies to the primary envelope glycoprotein, VP-3P. Both neuropathogenicity and the higher sensitivity to antibody neutralization correlated with the absence of two of three N-linked polylactosaminoglycan chains on the ca. 30-amino-acid ectodomain of VP-3P, which seems to carry the neutralization epitope(s) and forms part of the virus receptor attachment site.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arterivirus Infections/virology ; Base Sequence ; DNA, Viral ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus/genetics ; Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus/pathogenicity ; Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus/physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons/virology ; Virus Latency
Chemical Substances	DNA, Viral
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	1997-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	80174-4
ISSN	1098-5514 ; 0022-538X
ISSN (online)	1098-5514
ISSN	0022-538X
DOI	10.1128/JVI.71.4.2913-2920.1997
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Article: Pregnancies following blastocyst stage transfer in PGD cycles at risk for beta-thalassaemic haemoglobinopathies.

Palmer, G A / Traeger-Synodinos, J / Davies, S / Tzetis, M / Vrettou, C / Mastrominas, M / Kanavakis, E

Human reproduction (Oxford, England)

2002 Volume 17, Issue 1, Page(s) 25–31

Abstract: Background: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) usually involves blastomere biopsy 3 days post-insemination (p.i.), followed by genetic analysis and transfer of unaffected embryos later on day 3 or 4. We evaluate a strategy involving embryo biopsy ... ...

Abstract	Background: Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) usually involves blastomere biopsy 3 days post-insemination (p.i.), followed by genetic analysis and transfer of unaffected embryos later on day 3 or 4. We evaluate a strategy involving embryo biopsy on day 3 p.i., genetic analysis on day 4 and, following culture in blastocyst sequential media, transfer of unaffected embryos on day 5 p.i. Methods: PGD cycles were initiated in 15 couples at risk of transmitting beta-thalassaemia major. Oocyte retrieval and ICSI were performed according to standard protocols. Embryo culture used blastocyst sequential media. Embryos were biopsied on day 3 p.i. using acid Tyrode's for zona drilling, and the single blastomeres were genotyped by a protocol involving nested polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis. Results: Forty of 109 (37%) embryos biopsied on day 3 p.i. developed to blastocysts by day 5 p.i., with at least one blastocyst available for transfer in 12 cycles (80%). Genotype analysis characterized 51/109 (47%) embryos unaffected for beta-thalassaemia major, of which 28 were blastocysts. Transfer of 37 day 5 p.i. embryos (blastocysts and non blastocysts) initiated eight clinical pregnancies. Implantation rate per embryo transferred was 12/37 (32%). Conclusions: Embryo biopsy on day 3, followed by delayed transfer until day 5 p.i. offers a novel and effective strategy to overcome the time limit encountered when performing PGD, without compromising embryo implantation.
MeSH term(s)	Biopsy ; Blastocyst ; Culture Media ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Organ Culture Techniques ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Preimplantation Diagnosis ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Time Factors ; beta-Thalassemia/diagnosis ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics
Chemical Substances	Culture Media
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632776-x
ISSN	1460-2350 ; 0268-1161 ; 1477-741X
ISSN (online)	1460-2350
ISSN	0268-1161 ; 1477-741X
DOI	10.1093/humrep/17.1.25
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