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  1. Article ; Online: Occam's razor gets a new edge: the use of symmetries in model selection.

    Borgqvist, Johannes G / Palmer, Sam

    Journal of the Royal Society, Interface

    2022  Volume 19, Issue 193, Page(s) 20220324

    Abstract: We demonstrate the power of using symmetries for model selection in the context of mechanistic modelling. We analyse two different models called ... ...

    Abstract We demonstrate the power of using symmetries for model selection in the context of mechanistic modelling. We analyse two different models called the
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2156283-0
    ISSN 1742-5662 ; 1742-5689
    ISSN (online) 1742-5662
    ISSN 1742-5689
    DOI 10.1098/rsif.2022.0324
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: COVID-19 hospitalization rates rise exponentially with age, inversely proportional to thymic T-cell production.

    Palmer, Sam / Cunniffe, Nik / Donnelly, Ruairí

    Journal of the Royal Society, Interface

    2021  Volume 18, Issue 176, Page(s) 20200982

    Abstract: Here, we report that COVID-19 hospitalization rates follow an exponential relationship with age, doubling for every 16 years of age or equivalently increasing by 4.5% per year of life ( ...

    Abstract Here, we report that COVID-19 hospitalization rates follow an exponential relationship with age, doubling for every 16 years of age or equivalently increasing by 4.5% per year of life (
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging/immunology ; Aging/pathology ; Bayes Theorem ; COVID-19/pathology ; Child ; Female ; Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; T-Lymphocytes/physiology ; Thymus Gland/cytology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-17
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2156283-0
    ISSN 1742-5662 ; 1742-5689
    ISSN (online) 1742-5662
    ISSN 1742-5689
    DOI 10.1098/rsif.2020.0982
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Assessment of effectiveness of COVID-19 pandemic scheduling triage in an academic dermatology clinic.

    Tabatabai, Taylor / Thompson, Hannah / Cheung, Kevin / Palmer, Sam / Eckburg, Alexandra / Loeffler, Bradley T / Mott, Sarah L / Liu, Vincent

    Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

    2024  

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 603641-7
    ISSN 1097-6787 ; 0190-9622
    ISSN (online) 1097-6787
    ISSN 0190-9622
    DOI 10.1016/j.jaad.2024.01.081
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1540: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article ; Online: A Geospatial Analysis of Distances to Hospitals that Admit Pediatric Asthma Patients.

    Fishe, Jennifer / Finlay, Erik / Palmer, Sam / Hendry, Phyllis

    Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors

    2019  Volume 23, Issue 6, Page(s) 882–886

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Objective
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Aged ; Asthma/therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Databases, Factual ; Emergency Medical Services/organization & administration ; Female ; Florida ; Hospitalization ; Hospitals, Rural/organization & administration ; Humans ; Male ; Rural Health Services/organization & administration ; Spatial Analysis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1461751-1
    ISSN 1545-0066 ; 1090-3127
    ISSN (online) 1545-0066
    ISSN 1090-3127
    DOI 10.1080/10903127.2019.1593565
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 4762: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: Clinical, Operational, and Socioeconomic Analysis of EMS Bypass of the Closest Facility for Pediatric Asthma Patients.

    Finlay, Erik / Palmer, Sam / Abes, Benjamin / Abo, Benjamin / Fishe, Jennifer N

    The western journal of emergency medicine

    2021  Volume 22, Issue 4, Page(s) 972–978

    Abstract: Introduction: Pediatric hospital care is becoming increasingly regionalized, with fewer facilities providing inpatient care for common conditions such as asthma. That trend has major implications for emergency medical services (EMS) medical care and ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Pediatric hospital care is becoming increasingly regionalized, with fewer facilities providing inpatient care for common conditions such as asthma. That trend has major implications for emergency medical services (EMS) medical care and operations because EMS historically transports patients to the closest facility. This study describes EMS transport patterns of pediatric asthma patients in greater depth, including an analysis of facility bypass rates and the association of bypass with demographics and clinical outcomes.
    Methods: This was a retrospective study of pediatric asthma patients ages 2-18 years transported by Lee County, FL EMS between March 1, 2018 - December 31, 2019. A priori, we defined bypass as greater than five minutes extra transport time. We performed geospatial analysis and mapping of EMS pediatric asthma encounters. We used the Pediatric Destination Tree (PDTree) project's tiered approach to characterize receiving hospital facility pediatric capability. We analyzed incidence and characteristics of bypass, and bypass and non-bypass patient characteristics including demographics, emergency department (ED) clinical outcomes, and socioeconomic disadvantage (SED).
    Results: From the study period, there were a total of 262 encounters meeting inclusion criteria, 254 (96.9%) of which could be geocoded to EMS incident and destination locations. Most encounters (72.8%) bypassed at least one facility, and the average number of facilities bypassed per encounter was 1.52. For all 185 bypass encounters, there was a median additional travel time of 13.5 minutes (interquartile range 7.5 - 17.5). Using the PDTree's classification of pediatric capability of destination facilities, 172 of the 185 bypasses (93%) went to a Level I facility. Bypass incidence varied significantly by age, but not by minority status, asthma severity, or by the area deprivation index of the patient's home address. Overall, the highest concentrations of EMS incidents tended to occur in areas of greater SED. With regard to ED outcomes, ED length of stay did not vary between bypass and non-bypass patients (P = 0.54), and neither did hospitalization (P = 0.80).
    Conclusion: We found high rates of bypass for pediatric EMS encounters for asthma exacerbations, and that bypass frequency was significantly higher in younger age groups. With national trends pointing toward increasing pediatric healthcare regionalization, bypass has significant implications for EMS operations.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Asthma/epidemiology ; Asthma/therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Socioeconomic Factors
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2375700-0
    ISSN 1936-9018 ; 1936-9018
    ISSN (online) 1936-9018
    ISSN 1936-9018
    DOI 10.5811/westjem.2021.4.50382
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  6. Article ; Online: Risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation rises exponentially with age, inversely proportional to T-cell production

    Palmer, Sam / Cunniffe, Nik / Donnelly, Ruairi

    medRxiv

    Abstract: Here we report that COVID-19 hospitalisation rates follow an exponential relationship with age, increasing by 4.5% per year of life (95% CI: 4.2-5.2%). This mirrors the exponential decline of thymus volume and T-cell production (decreasing by 4.5% per ... ...

    Abstract Here we report that COVID-19 hospitalisation rates follow an exponential relationship with age, increasing by 4.5% per year of life (95% CI: 4.2-5.2%). This mirrors the exponential decline of thymus volume and T-cell production (decreasing by 4.5% per year). COVID-19 can therefore be added to the list of other diseases with this property, including those caused by MRSA, West Nile virus, Streptococcus Pneumonia and certain cancers, such as chronic myeloid leukemia and brain cancers. In addition, incidence of severe disease and mortality due to COVID-19 are both higher in men, consistent with the degree to which thymic involution (and the decrease in T-cell production with age) is more severe in men compared to women. For under 20s, COVID-19 incidence is remarkably low. A Bayesian analysis of daily hospitalisations, accounting for contact-based and environmental transmission, indicates that non-adults are the only age group to deviate significantly from the exponential relationship. Our model fitting suggests under 20s have 53-77% additional immune protection beyond that predicted by strong thymus function alone. We found no evidence for differences between age groups in susceptibility to overall infection, or, relative infectiousness to others. The simple inverse relationship between risk and thymus size we report here suggests that therapies based on T-cell mechanisms may be a promising target.
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-31
    Publisher Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1101/2020.08.25.20181487
    Database COVID19

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  7. Article ; Online: A Statewide Analysis of EMS' Pediatric Transport Destination Decisions.

    McManus, Kayla / Finlay, Erik / Palmer, Sam / Anders, Jennifer F / Hendry, Phyllis / Fishe, Jennifer N

    Prehospital emergency care : official journal of the National Association of EMS Physicians and the National Association of State EMS Directors

    2020  Volume 24, Issue 5, Page(s) 672–682

    Abstract: Introduction: ...

    Abstract Introduction:
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Choice Behavior ; Databases, Factual ; Decision Making ; Emergency Medical Services ; Florida ; Health Facilities ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Rural Population ; Time Factors ; Transportation of Patients
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1461751-1
    ISSN 1545-0066 ; 1090-3127
    ISSN (online) 1545-0066
    ISSN 1090-3127
    DOI 10.1080/10903127.2019.1699211
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 4762: Show issues Location:
    Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand)
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  8. Article ; Online: Reply to Jiménez-Alonso et al., Schooling and Zhao, and Mortazavi: Further discussion on the immunological model of carcinogenesis.

    Palmer, Sam / Albergante, Luca / Blackburn, Clare C / Newman, T J

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2018  Volume 115, Issue 19, Page(s) E4319–E4321

    MeSH term(s) Carcinogenesis ; Humans ; Models, Immunological
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-04-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.1802809115
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 1148: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Thymic involution and rising disease incidence with age.

    Palmer, Sam / Albergante, Luca / Blackburn, Clare C / Newman, T J

    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

    2018  Volume 115, Issue 8, Page(s) 1883–1888

    Abstract: For many cancer types, incidence rises rapidly with age as an apparent power law, supporting the idea that cancer is caused by a gradual accumulation of genetic mutations. Similarly, the incidence of many infectious diseases strongly increases with age. ... ...

    Abstract For many cancer types, incidence rises rapidly with age as an apparent power law, supporting the idea that cancer is caused by a gradual accumulation of genetic mutations. Similarly, the incidence of many infectious diseases strongly increases with age. Here, combining data from immunology and epidemiology, we show that many of these dramatic age-related increases in incidence can be modeled based on immune system decline, rather than mutation accumulation. In humans, the thymus atrophies from infancy, resulting in an exponential decline in T cell production with a half-life of ∼16 years, which we use as the basis for a minimal mathematical model of disease incidence. Our model outperforms the power law model with the same number of fitting parameters in describing cancer incidence data across a wide spectrum of different cancers, and provides excellent fits to infectious disease data. This framework provides mechanistic insight into cancer emergence, suggesting that age-related decline in T cell output is a major risk factor.
    MeSH term(s) Aging/immunology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Neoplasms/etiology ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Thymus Gland/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-02-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 209104-5
    ISSN 1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
    ISSN (online) 1091-6490
    ISSN 0027-8424
    DOI 10.1073/pnas.1714478115
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    Zs.A 1148: Show issues Location:
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  10. Article ; Online: Thymic epithelial cell fate and potency in early organogenesis assessed by single cell transcriptional and functional analysis.

    Farley, Alison Mary / Chengrui, An / Palmer, Sam / Liu, Dong / Kousa, Anastasia I / Rouse, Paul / Major, Viktoria / Sweetman, Joanna / Morys, Jan / Corsinotti, Andrea / Nichols, Jennifer / Ure, Janice / McLay, Renee / Boulter, Luke / Chapman, S Jon / Tomlinson, Simon R / Blackburn, C Clare

    Frontiers in immunology

    2023  Volume 14, Page(s) 1202163

    Abstract: During development, cortical (c) and medullary (m) thymic epithelial cells (TEC) arise from the third pharyngeal pouch endoderm. Current models suggest that within the thymic primordium most TEC exist in a bipotent/common thymic epithelial progenitor ... ...

    Abstract During development, cortical (c) and medullary (m) thymic epithelial cells (TEC) arise from the third pharyngeal pouch endoderm. Current models suggest that within the thymic primordium most TEC exist in a bipotent/common thymic epithelial progenitor cell (TEPC) state able to generate both cTEC and mTEC, at least until embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5) in the mouse. This view, however, is challenged by recent transcriptomics and genetic evidence. We therefore set out to investigate the fate and potency of TEC in the early thymus. Here using single cell (sc) RNAseq we identify a candidate mTEC progenitor population at E12.5, consistent with recent reports. Via lineage-tracing we demonstrate this population as mTEC fate-restricted, validating our bioinformatics prediction. Using potency analyses we also establish that most E11.5 and E12.5 progenitor TEC are cTEC-fated. Finally we show that overnight culture causes most if not all E12.5 cTEC-fated TEPC to acquire functional bipotency, and provide a likely molecular mechanism for this changed differentiation potential. Collectively, our data overturn the widely held view that a common TEPC predominates in the E12.5 thymus, showing instead that sublineage-primed progenitors are present from the earliest stages of thymus organogenesis but that these early fetal TEPC exhibit cell-fate plasticity in response to extrinsic factors. Our data provide a significant advance in the understanding of fetal thymic epithelial development and thus have implications for thymus-related clinical research, in particular research focussed on generating TEC from pluripotent stem cells.
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Epithelial Cells ; Cell Differentiation ; Thymus Gland ; Organogenesis ; Embryonic Stem Cells
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-25
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2606827-8
    ISSN 1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
    ISSN (online) 1664-3224
    ISSN 1664-3224
    DOI 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1202163
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