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  1. AU="Pannala, Ananth S"
  2. AU="Noda, K."
  3. AU="Almeida, Carolina Aparecida Faria"
  4. AU=Khoshakhlagh Arezou
  5. AU="Sofija Glamočlija"
  6. AU="Fleming, Sherry D"
  7. AU="Minkina, Tatiana M"
  8. AU="Fonseca, Danielle"
  9. AU="Maximilian, Carmen-Rodica"
  10. AU="Heuer, Lauren B"
  11. AU="Pan, Judy"
  12. AU="Doro, M."
  13. AU="Navarro-Zapata, Alfonso"
  14. AU="Martin, Emanuel H"
  15. AU="Biswas, Arnab"
  16. AU="Kurt Pfister"
  17. AU="Stefano Brignola"
  18. AU="Nierzwicki, Łukasz"
  19. AU="Benvin, Iva"
  20. AU="Sardesai, S. C."
  21. AU="Aldrees, Rana"

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  1. Artikel ; Online: Increasing Cellular Uptake and Permeation of Curcumin Using a Novel Polymer-Surfactant Formulation.

    Liu, Zhenqi / Lansley, Alison B / Duong, Tu Ngoc / Smart, John D / Pannala, Ananth S

    Biomolecules

    2022  Band 12, Heft 12

    Abstract: Several therapeutically active molecules are poorly water-soluble, thereby creating a challenge for pharmaceutical scientists to develop an active solution for their oral drug delivery. This study aimed to investigate the potential for novel polymer- ... ...

    Abstract Several therapeutically active molecules are poorly water-soluble, thereby creating a challenge for pharmaceutical scientists to develop an active solution for their oral drug delivery. This study aimed to investigate the potential for novel polymer-surfactant-based formulations (designated A and B) to improve the solubility and permeability of curcumin. A solubility study and characterization studies (FTIR, DSC and XRD) were conducted for the various formulations. The cytotoxicity of formulations and commercial comparators was tested via MTT and LDH assays, and their permeability by in vitro drug transport and cellular drug uptake was established using the Caco-2 cell model. The apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) are considered a good indicator of drug permeation. However, it can be argued that the magnitude of Papp, when used to reflect the permeability of the cells to the drug, can be influenced by the initial drug concentration (C
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-11-23
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2701262-1
    ISSN 2218-273X ; 2218-273X
    ISSN (online) 2218-273X
    ISSN 2218-273X
    DOI 10.3390/biom12121739
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel: Topical Micro-Emulsion of 5-Fluorouracil by a Twin Screw Processor-Based Novel Continuous Manufacturing Process for the Treatment of Skin Cancer: Preparation and In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations.

    Nikam, Ajinkya Nitin / Jacob, Angela / Raychaudhuri, Ruchira / Fernandes, Gasper / Pandey, Abhijeet / Rao, Vinay / Ahmad, Sheikh F / Pannala, Ananth S / Mutalik, Srinivas

    Pharmaceutics

    2023  Band 15, Heft 9

    Abstract: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a BCS class III drug, has low oral bioavailability and is cytotoxic in nature causing severe systemic side effects when administered through the intravenous route. Topical drug delivery could potentially mitigate the systemic side- ... ...

    Abstract 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), a BCS class III drug, has low oral bioavailability and is cytotoxic in nature causing severe systemic side effects when administered through the intravenous route. Topical drug delivery could potentially mitigate the systemic side-effects. Microemulsions (MEs) would be an apt solution due to enhanced partitioning of the drug to the skin. However, conventional methods for preparing MEs are inefficient since they are not continuous and are very tedious and time-consuming processes hence revealing the need for the development of continuous manufacturing technology. In our study, 5-FU MEs were prepared using a continuous manufacturing Twin Screw Process (TSP) and its efficiency in the treatment of skin cancer was evaluated. Water-in-oil MEs were prepared using isopropyl myristate as the oil phase and Aerosol OT and Tween 80 as the surfactants. The average particle size was observed to be 178 nm. Transmission electron microscopy was employed to confirm the size and shape of the MEs. FTIR study proved no physical or chemical interaction between the excipients and the drug. In vitro drug release using vertical diffusion cells and ex vivo skin permeation studies showed that the drug was released sustainably and permeated across the skin, respectively. In in vitro cytotoxicity studies, 5-FU MEs were accessed in HaCat and A431 cell lines to determine percentage cell viability and IC50. Skin irritation and histopathological examination implied that the 5-FU MEs did not cause any significant irritation to the skin. In vivo pharmacodynamics studies in rats suggested that the optimised formulation was effective in treating squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Therefore, 5-FU MEs efficiently overcame the various drawbacks faced during oral and intravenous drug delivery. Also, TSP proved to be a technique that overcomes the various problems associated with the conventional methods of preparing MEs.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-08-22
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2527217-2
    ISSN 1999-4923
    ISSN 1999-4923
    DOI 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092175
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Artikel ; Online: Preparation of liposomes containing small gold nanoparticles using electrostatic interactions.

    Dichello, Gennaro A / Fukuda, Takahiro / Maekawa, Toru / Whitby, Raymond L D / Mikhalovsky, Sergey V / Alavijeh, Mohammed / Pannala, Ananth S / Sarker, Dipak K

    European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences

    2017  Band 105, Seite(n) 55–63

    Abstract: The development of liposome-nanoparticle colloid systems offers a versatile approach towards the manufacture of multifunctional therapeutic platforms. A strategy to encapsulate small metallic nanoparticles (<4nm) within multilamellar vesicles, effected ... ...

    Abstract The development of liposome-nanoparticle colloid systems offers a versatile approach towards the manufacture of multifunctional therapeutic platforms. A strategy to encapsulate small metallic nanoparticles (<4nm) within multilamellar vesicles, effected by exploiting electrostatic interactions was investigated. Two liposome-gold nanoparticle (lipo-GNP) systems were prepared by the reverse-phase evaporation method employing cationic or anionic surface functionalised particles in combination with oppositely charged lipid compositions with subsequent post-formulation PEGylation. Structural characterisation using electron microscopy and elemental analysis revealed a regular distribution of GNPs between adjacent lipid bilayers of intact liposomes. Nanoparticle encapsulation efficacy of the two lipo-GNP systems was revealed to be significantly different (p=0.03), evaluated by comparing the ratio of measured lipid to gold concentration (loading content) determined by a colorimetric assay and atomic emission spectroscopy, respectively. It was concluded that the developed synthetic strategy is an effective approach for the preparation of liposome-nanoparticle colloids with potential to control the relative concentration of encapsulated particles to lipids by providing favourable electrostatic interactions.
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2017-07-15
    Erscheinungsland Netherlands
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1154366-8
    ISSN 1879-0720 ; 0928-0987
    ISSN (online) 1879-0720
    ISSN 0928-0987
    DOI 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.05.001
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Artikel: pH-dependent nitration of para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in the stomach.

    Pannala, Ananth S / Mani, Ali R / Rice-Evans, Catherine A / Moore, Kevin P

    Free radical biology & medicine

    2006  Band 41, Heft 6, Seite(n) 896–901

    Abstract: The major urinary metabolite of nitrotyrosine is 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3-Nitro-HPA). However, recent animal studies have shown that the majority of urinary 3-Nitro-HPA is derived from nitration of endogenous para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid ( ... ...

    Abstract The major urinary metabolite of nitrotyrosine is 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3-Nitro-HPA). However, recent animal studies have shown that the majority of urinary 3-Nitro-HPA is derived from nitration of endogenous para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA), a metabolite of tyrosine. One potential site for the formation of 3-Nitro-HPA is the stomach, where nitrous acid is formed by the reaction of nitrite in saliva with gastric acid. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is pH-dependent nitration of salivary para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid or tyrosine, and the effects of dietary nitrate. Healthy volunteers (n = 18) ingested either a low or high nitrate diet, with and without the administration of omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor. Urinary 3-Nitro-HPA excretion increased from 197 +/- 52 to 319 +/- 88 microg/day on switching from a low to a high nitrate diet (P < 0.05), and decreased (166 +/- 53 mug/day, P < 0.05) when gastric pH was increased by omeprazole. To determine whether 3-Nitro-HPA can be formed by nitration of para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid in the stomach, 500 microg of deuterated para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid was ingested with a high nitrate meal. This led to the excretion of both deuterated HPA and 3-Nitro-HPA in the urine, confirming that para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid is absorbed, and nitrated. Since omeprazole decreases the formation of 3-Nitro-HPA, presumably by decreasing the nitration of endogenous para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid present in saliva, and the observation that ingested deuterated para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid is nitrated and excreted, we conclude that endogenous para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid is nitrated in the stomach, absorbed, and excreted as 3-Nitro-HPA.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Acrylates/metabolism ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Kinetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Phenols/metabolism ; Reference Values ; Stomach/metabolism ; Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives ; Tyrosine/metabolism ; Tyrosine/urine
    Chemische Substanzen Acrylates ; Nitrates ; Phenols ; p-hydroxyphenyl acrylate ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; 3-nitrotyrosine (3604-79-3) ; Tyrosine (42HK56048U)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2006-09-15
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 807032-5
    ISSN 1873-4596 ; 0891-5849
    ISSN (online) 1873-4596
    ISSN 0891-5849
    DOI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.05.010
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Artikel: Simultaneous detection of the antioxidant and pro-oxidant activity of dietary polyphenolics in a peroxidase system.

    Chan, Tom S / Galati, Giuseppe / Pannala, Ananth S / Rice-Evans, Catherine / O'Brien, Peter J

    Free radical research

    2003  Band 37, Heft 7, Seite(n) 787–794

    Abstract: The ability to reduce the peroxidase (myeloglobin/H2O2)-generated ABTS*+ [2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation] has been used to rank the antioxidant activity of various agents including dietary flavonoids and chalcones. ... ...

    Abstract The ability to reduce the peroxidase (myeloglobin/H2O2)-generated ABTS*+ [2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation] has been used to rank the antioxidant activity of various agents including dietary flavonoids and chalcones. Surprisingly, we found that in the presence of catalytic concentrations of the phenol B-ring containing flavonoids, apigenin, naringenin and the chalcone phloretin, the formation of the ABTS*+ was initially increased. The enhanced formation of the ABTS*+ was attributed to the peroxidase/H2O2 mediated generation of polyphenolic phenoxyl radicals that were able to co-oxidize ABTS. The relative ABTS*+ generating ability of these dietary polyphenolics correlated with their ability to co-oxidize NADH to the NAD* radical with the resultant generation of superoxide. This pro-oxidant activity was not observed for either luteolin or eriodyctiol, which are B-ring catecholic analogues of apigenin and naringenin, respectively, suggesting that these antioxidants are incapable of the transition metal-independent generation of reactive oxygen species. This pro-oxidant activity of the polyphenolics therefore needs to be taken into account when quantifying antioxidant activity.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Antioxidants/metabolism ; Antioxidants/pharmacology ; Apigenin ; Benzothiazoles ; Cations ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Flavanones/metabolism ; Flavonoids/metabolism ; Free Radicals ; Indicators and Reagents/pharmacology ; Models, Chemical ; NAD/chemistry ; NAD/metabolism ; Oxidants/chemistry ; Oxidants/metabolism ; Oxidants/pharmacology ; Oxygen/chemistry ; Oxygen/metabolism ; Oxygen Consumption ; Peroxidases/metabolism ; Phenols/metabolism ; Phloretin/metabolism ; Polyphenols ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Spectrophotometry ; Sulfonic Acids/pharmacology ; Time Factors
    Chemische Substanzen Antioxidants ; Benzothiazoles ; Cations ; Flavanones ; Flavonoids ; Free Radicals ; Indicators and Reagents ; Oxidants ; Phenols ; Polyphenols ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Sulfonic Acids ; NAD (0U46U6E8UK) ; 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (28752-68-3) ; Apigenin (7V515PI7F6) ; Peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.-) ; naringenin (HN5425SBF2) ; Phloretin (S5J5OE47MK) ; Oxygen (S88TT14065)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2003-07-14
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1194130-3
    ISSN 1029-2470 ; 1071-5762
    ISSN (online) 1029-2470
    ISSN 1071-5762
    DOI 10.1080/1071576031000094899
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Artikel ; Online: Nitration of endogenous para-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and the metabolism of nitrotyrosine.

    Mani, Ali R / Pannala, Ananth S / Orie, Nelson N / Ollosson, Richard / Harry, David / Rice-Evans, Catherine A / Moore, Kevin P

    The Biochemical journal

    2003  Band 374, Heft Pt 2, Seite(n) 521–527

    Abstract: Reactive nitrogen species, such as peroxynitrite, can nitrate tyrosine in proteins to form nitrotyrosine. Nitrotyrosine is metabolized to 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (NHPA), which is excreted in the urine. This has led to the notion that ... ...

    Abstract Reactive nitrogen species, such as peroxynitrite, can nitrate tyrosine in proteins to form nitrotyrosine. Nitrotyrosine is metabolized to 3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (NHPA), which is excreted in the urine. This has led to the notion that measurement of urinary NHPA may provide a time-integrated index of nitrotyrosine formation in vivo. However, it is not known whether NHPA is derived exclusively from metabolism of nitrotyrosine, or whether it can be formed by nitration of circulating para -hydroxyphenylacetic acid (PHPA), a metabolite of tyrosine. In the present study, we have developed a gas chromatography MS assay for NHPA and PHPA to determine whether or not NHPA can be formed directly by nitration of PHPA. Following the injection of nitrotyrosine, 0.5+/-0.16% of injected dose was recovered unchanged as nitrotyrosine, and 4.3+/-0.2% as NHPA in the urine. To determine whether or not NHPA could be formed by the nitration of PHPA, deuterium-labelled PHPA ([(2)H(6)]PHPA) was injected, and the formation of deuterated NHPA ([(2)H(5)]NHPA) was measured. Of the infused [(2)H(6)]PHPA, 78+/-2% was recovered in the urine unchanged, and approx. 0.23% was recovered as [(2)H(5)]NHPA. Since the plasma concentration of PHPA is markedly higher than free nitrotyrosine (approx. 400-fold), the nitration of high-circulating endogenous PHPA to form NHPA becomes very significant and accounts for the majority of NHPA excreted in urine. This is the first study to demonstrate that NHPA can be formed by nitration of PHPA in vivo, and that this is the major route for its formation.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Animals ; Deuterium/administration & dosage ; Deuterium/metabolism ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Lipopolysaccharides/administration & dosage ; Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology ; Male ; Models, Chemical ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Nitrophenols/blood ; Nitrophenols/metabolism ; Nitrophenols/urine ; Nitrosation ; Phenylacetates/blood ; Phenylacetates/metabolism ; Phenylacetates/urine ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reference Standards ; Tyrosine/administration & dosage ; Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives ; Tyrosine/metabolism ; Tyrosine/pharmacology
    Chemische Substanzen Lipopolysaccharides ; Nitrates ; Nitrophenols ; Phenylacetates ; 4-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl acetic acid (10463-20-4) ; 3-nitrotyrosine (3604-79-3) ; 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (3J9SHG0RCN) ; Tyrosine (42HK56048U) ; Deuterium (AR09D82C7G)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2003-09-01
    Erscheinungsland England
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2969-5
    ISSN 1470-8728 ; 0006-2936 ; 0306-3275 ; 0264-6021
    ISSN (online) 1470-8728
    ISSN 0006-2936 ; 0306-3275 ; 0264-6021
    DOI 10.1042/BJ20030670
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Artikel: The effect of dietary nitrate on salivary, plasma, and urinary nitrate metabolism in humans.

    Pannala, Ananth S / Mani, Ali R / Spencer, Jeremy P E / Skinner, Vernon / Bruckdorfer, K Richard / Moore, Kevin P / Rice-Evans, Catherine A

    Free radical biology & medicine

    2003  Band 34, Heft 5, Seite(n) 576–584

    Abstract: Dietary nitrate is metabolized to nitrite by bacterial flora on the posterior surface of the tongue leading to increased salivary nitrite concentrations. In the acidic environment of the stomach, nitrite forms nitrous acid, a potent nitrating/nitrosating ...

    Abstract Dietary nitrate is metabolized to nitrite by bacterial flora on the posterior surface of the tongue leading to increased salivary nitrite concentrations. In the acidic environment of the stomach, nitrite forms nitrous acid, a potent nitrating/nitrosating agent. The aim of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetics of dietary nitrate in relation to the formation of salivary, plasma, and urinary nitrite and nitrate in healthy subjects. A secondary aim was to determine whether dietary nitrate increases the formation of protein-bound 3-nitrotyrosine in plasma, and if dietary nitrate improves platelet function. The pharmacokinetic profile of urinary nitrate excretion indicates total clearance of consumed nitrate in a 24 h period. While urinary, salivary, and plasma nitrate concentrations increased between 4- and 7-fold, a significant increase in nitrite was only detected in saliva (7-fold). High dietary nitrate consumption does not cause a significant acute change in plasma concentrations of 3-nitrotyrosine or in platelet function.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adult ; Blood Platelets/metabolism ; Blood Proteins/metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diet ; Female ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolic Clearance Rate ; Middle Aged ; Nitrates/pharmacokinetics ; Nitrites/metabolism ; Platelet Aggregation ; Saliva/metabolism ; Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives ; Tyrosine/blood
    Chemische Substanzen Blood Proteins ; Nitrates ; Nitrites ; 3-nitrotyrosine (3604-79-3) ; Tyrosine (42HK56048U)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2003-02-15
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 807032-5
    ISSN 1873-4596 ; 0891-5849
    ISSN (online) 1873-4596
    ISSN 0891-5849
    DOI 10.1016/s0891-5849(02)01353-9
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Artikel: The reaction of flavanols with nitrous acid protects against N-nitrosamine formation and leads to the formation of nitroso derivatives which inhibit cancer cell growth.

    Lee, Stephanie Y H / Munerol, Bibiana / Pollard, Susan / Youdim, Kuresh A / Pannala, Ananth S / Kuhnle, Gunter G C / Debnam, Edward S / Rice-Evans, Catherine / Spencer, Jeremy P E

    Free radical biology & medicine

    2005  Band 40, Heft 2, Seite(n) 323–334

    Abstract: Studies have suggested that diets rich in polyphenols such as flavonoids may lead to a reduced risk of gastrointestinal cancers. We demonstrate the ability of monomeric and dimeric flavanols to scavenge reactive nitrogen species derived from nitrous acid. ...

    Abstract Studies have suggested that diets rich in polyphenols such as flavonoids may lead to a reduced risk of gastrointestinal cancers. We demonstrate the ability of monomeric and dimeric flavanols to scavenge reactive nitrogen species derived from nitrous acid. Both epicatechin and dimer B2 (epicatechin dimer) inhibited nitrous acid-induced formation of 3-nitrotyrosine and the formation of the carcinogenic N-nitrosamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine. The reaction of monomeric and dimeric epicatechin with nitrous acid led to the formation of mono- and di-nitroso flavanols, whereas the reaction with hesperetin resulted primarily in the formation of nitrated products. Although, epicatechin was transferred across the jejunum of the small intestine yielding metabolites, its nitroso form was not absorbed. Dimer B2 but not epicatechin monomer inhibited the proliferation of, and triggered apoptosis in, Caco-2 cells. The latter was accompanied by caspase-3 activation and reductions in Akt phosphorylation, suggesting activation of apoptosis via inhibition of prosurvival signaling. Furthermore, the dinitroso derivative of dimer B2, and to a lesser extent the dinitroso-epicatechin, also induced significant toxic effects in Caco-2 cells. The inhibitory effects on cellular proliferation were paralleled by early inhibition of ERK 1/2 phosphorylation and later reductions in cyclin D1 levels, indicating modulation of cell cycle regulation in Caco-2 cells. These effects highlight multiple routes in which dietary derived flavanols may exert beneficial effects in the gastrointestinal tract.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Absorption ; Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Apoptosis/physiology ; Caco-2 Cells ; Caspase 3 ; Caspases/drug effects ; Caspases/metabolism ; Catechin/analogs & derivatives ; Catechin/chemistry ; Catechin/pharmacology ; Cell Cycle/drug effects ; Cell Cycle/physiology ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Colonic Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism ; Cyclin D1/drug effects ; Cyclin D1/metabolism ; Dimethylnitrosamine ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Flavonoids/chemistry ; Flavonoids/pharmacology ; Gastrointestinal Tract/drug effects ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/drug effects ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism ; Nitrosamines/antagonists & inhibitors ; Nitrosamines/chemistry ; Nitrosamines/metabolism ; Nitroso Compounds/chemistry ; Nitroso Compounds/metabolism ; Nitroso Compounds/pharmacology ; Nitrous Acid/antagonists & inhibitors ; Nitrous Acid/chemistry ; Phenols/chemistry ; Phenols/pharmacology ; Phosphorylation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/drug effects ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Rats ; Reactive Nitrogen Species/antagonists & inhibitors ; Reactive Nitrogen Species/pharmacology ; Time Factors ; Tyrosine/analogs & derivatives ; Tyrosine/antagonists & inhibitors ; Tyrosine/metabolism
    Chemische Substanzen Flavonoids ; Nitrosamines ; Nitroso Compounds ; Phenols ; Reactive Nitrogen Species ; epicatechin dimer B2 ; Cyclin D1 (136601-57-5) ; 3-nitrotyrosine (3604-79-3) ; Tyrosine (42HK56048U) ; Catechin (8R1V1STN48) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases (EC 2.7.12.2) ; CASP3 protein, human (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Casp3 protein, rat (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Caspase 3 (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Caspases (EC 3.4.22.-) ; Dimethylnitrosamine (M43H21IO8R) ; Nitrous Acid (T2I5UM75DN)
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2005-10-11
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 807032-5
    ISSN 1873-4596 ; 0891-5849
    ISSN (online) 1873-4596
    ISSN 0891-5849
    DOI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2005.08.031
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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