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Article ; Online: Application of Forensic DNA Phenotyping for Prediction of Eye, Hair and Skin Colour in Highly Decomposed Bodies

Matteo Fabbri / Letizia Alfieri / Leila Mazdai / Paolo Frisoni / Rosa Maria Gaudio / Margherita Neri

Healthcare, Vol 11, Iss 647, p

2023 Volume 647

Abstract: In the last few years, predicting externally visible characteristics (EVCs) by adopting informative DNA molecular markers has become a method in forensic genetics that has increased its value, giving rise to an interesting field called “Forensic DNA ... ...

Abstract	In the last few years, predicting externally visible characteristics (EVCs) by adopting informative DNA molecular markers has become a method in forensic genetics that has increased its value, giving rise to an interesting field called “Forensic DNA Phenotyping” (FDP). The most meaningful forensic applications of EVCs prediction are those in which, having only a DNA sample isolated from highly decomposed remains, it is essential to reconstruct the physical appearance of a person. Through this approach, we set out to evaluate 20 skeletal remains of Italian provenance in order to associate them with as many cases of missing persons as possible. To achieve the intended goal, in this work we applied the HIrisPlex-S multiplex system through the conventional short tandem repeats (STR) method to confirm the expected identity of subjects by evaluating phenotypic features. To investigate the reliability and accuracy of the DNA-based EVCs prediction, pictures of the cases were compared as they were available to researchers. Results showed an overall prediction accuracy greater than 90% for all three phenotypic features—iris, hair, and skin colour—at a probability threshold of 0.7. The experimental analysis showed inconclusive results in only two cases; this is probably due to the characteristics of subjects who had an intermediate eye and hair colour, for which the DNA-based system needs to improve the prediction accuracy.
Keywords	forensic DNA phenotyping ; predictive DNA analysis ; HIrisPlex-S ; eye colour ; skin colour ; hair colour ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	612
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Age estimation using tooth cementum annulations

Emanuela Gualdi-Russo / Ilaria Saguto / Paolo Frisoni / Margherita Neri / Jessica Mongillo / Natascia Rinaldo

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Vol 27, Iss 5, p

bias and sources of inaccuracy

2022 Volume 141

Abstract: Background: Counting the tooth cementum annulations (TCA) is a method for estimating the age at death of adults by sections of their tooth root. The objective of this study was to assess the precision of counting the cementum incremental lines and the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Counting the tooth cementum annulations (TCA) is a method for estimating the age at death of adults by sections of their tooth root. The objective of this study was to assess the precision of counting the cementum incremental lines and the congruence between known age and age estimates. Possible factors affecting the accuracy of the estimate were also analyzed. Methods: A sample of 67 permanent teeth extracted from individuals with known age (18–84 years) and sex was analyzed to calculate the dental age. Results: Results demonstrate an excellent inter- and intra-observer reliability of annuli counting, with dissimilarities within the limits of agreement. A moderate positive correlation was found between chronological age and TCA. Our results showed that age congruence rates differed across age groups (85% congruence in individuals ≤30 years; 75% in individuals aged 31–60 years; 60% in the over 60s). Considering the bias, this method showed a clear tendency to underestimate age in specimens from old people. After age 43, the TCA estimate is highly inaccurate exceeding the underestimation of 10 years, on average, in comparison to the chronological age. Both chronological age and dental arch seem to influence the accuracy of estimates, unlike sex and the tooth root number. Conclusions: TCA analysis is characterized by high precision and low accuracy, decreasing with age. Therefore, its applicability is limited in elderly subjects. The choice of methods for age estimation in adult skeletal remains should take into account the particular age range of individuals. We recommend using different age estimation methods to verify the reliability of the performed assessments.
Keywords	age estimation ; forensic anthropology ; cementochronology ; tooth cementum annulations ; Biochemistry ; QD415-436 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	930
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	IMR Press
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Tooth Cementum Thickness as a Method of Age Estimation in the Forensic Context

Emanuela Gualdi-Russo / Ilaria Saguto / Paolo Frisoni / Margherita Neri / Natascia Rinaldo

Biology, Vol 11, Iss 784, p

2022 Volume 784

Abstract: Estimating age at death is a key element in the process of human identification of skeletal remains. The interest in dental cementum stems from its increase in thickness throughout life and, at the same time, from the fact it should not be affected by ... ...

Abstract	Estimating age at death is a key element in the process of human identification of skeletal remains. The interest in dental cementum stems from its increase in thickness throughout life and, at the same time, from the fact it should not be affected by remodeling processes. Since the age assessment is particularly difficult in adults when using traditional anthropological methods on the skeleton, we tested a dental method based on maximum cementum thickness and developed new regression equations. We microscopically analyzed the histological sections of dental roots from a sample of 108 permanent teeth with known age and sex. Age at the time of dental extraction was in the range of 18–84 years. Our findings show that there were no differences in thickness between sexes, dental arch, and mono- and pluriradicular teeth. Separate regression equations were developed for individuals in the whole age range and individuals under 45 years. The equations were then tested on a hold-out sample from the same Mediterranean population demonstrating higher reliability for the equation developed for those under 45. Conversely, due to the increased error in age estimation in individuals over 45, this method should be used with caution in the forensic context when skeletal remains presumably belong to elderly individuals.
Keywords	age estimation ; tooth root ; cementum thickness ; forensic anthropology ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Increased iNOS and Nitrosative Stress in Dopaminergic Neurons of MDMA-Exposed Rats

Stefania Schiavone / Margherita Neri / Angela Bruna Maffione / Paolo Frisoni / Maria Grazia Morgese / Luigia Trabace / Emanuela Turillazzi

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 20, Iss 5, p

2019 Volume 1242

Abstract: Several mechanisms underlying 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) neurotoxicity have been proposed, including neurochemical alterations and excitotoxicity mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and reactive nitrogen ... ...

Abstract	Several mechanisms underlying 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA) neurotoxicity have been proposed, including neurochemical alterations and excitotoxicity mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). However, ROS, NO, and RNS sources in the brain are not fully known. We aimed to investigate possible alterations in the expression of the ROS producer NOX enzymes (NOX2, NOX1, and NOX4), NO generators (iNOS, eNOS, and nNOS), markers of oxidative (8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, 8OHdG), and nitrosative (3-nitrotyrosine, NT) stress, as well as the colocalization between cells positive for the dopamine transporter (DT1) and cells expressing the neuronal nuclei (NeuN) marker, in the frontal cortex of rats receiving saline or MDMA, sacrificed 6 h, 16 h, or 24 h after its administration. MDMA did not affect NOX2, NOX1, and NOX4 immunoreactivity, whereas iNOS expression was enhanced. The number of NT-positive cells was increased in MDMA-exposed animals, whereas no differences were detected in 8OHdG expression among experimental groups. MDMA and NT markers colocalized with DT1 positive cells. DT1 immunostaining was found in NeuN-positive stained cells. Virtually no colocalization was observed with microglia and astrocytes. Moreover, MDMA immunostaining was not found in NOX2-positive cells. Our results suggest that iNOS-derived nitrosative stress, but not NOX enzymes, may have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MDMA-induced neurotoxicity, highlighting the specificity of different enzymatic systems in the development of neuropathological alterations induced by the abuse of this psychoactive compound.
Keywords	MDMA ; oxidative stress ; nitrosative stress ; iNOS ; NADPH oxidases ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Illegal fishing with electrofishing devices in the Po river basin, Emilia Romagna, Italy

Sandro Mazzariol / Giorgia Corazzola / Silva Rubini / Francesco Quaglio / Alberto Perolo / Andrea Gustinelli / Marialetizia Fioravanti / Chiara Anna Garbarino / Maria Cristina Fontana / Paolo Frisoni / Rosa Maria Gaudio / Cinzia Centelleghe

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 6

Abstract: Abstract Electric fishing is an illegal hunting method, unfortunately widely used by poachers to paralyze fish and to catch many animals in a short time. In Italy, it is authorized only for scientific and conservative purposes. Between 2014 and 2018, the ...

Abstract	Abstract Electric fishing is an illegal hunting method, unfortunately widely used by poachers to paralyze fish and to catch many animals in a short time. In Italy, it is authorized only for scientific and conservative purposes. Between 2014 and 2018, the Ferrara section of the Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute of Lombardy and Emilia Romagna, Italy, received nine cases of potentially illegal electric fishing in Po river and its tributary rivers. Necropsies were performed following standard protocols and samples of different tissues were collected and examined using histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques. Gross lesions frequently observed were circulatory alteration phenomena (i.e. multi-organ hyperemia, hemorrhages and congestion, hemopericardium), also found histologically, in addition to multifocal degenerative and necrotic muscular processes that could be attributed to injuries from electric current, as already reported in literature. Immunohistochemical investigations confirmed degenerative and necrotic lesions with myoglobin depletion and a corresponding fibrinogen accumulation. Myoglobin globules were also detected in the renal parenchyma, as consequent of rhabdomyolysis. The results of this study allowed to correlate electric fishing to gross, histologic and immunohistochemical lesions, which together constitute a pathognomonic picture to be considered a reference standard in this type of illegal controversy.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Worsening of the Toxic Effects of (±) Cis -4,4′-DMAR Following Its Co-Administration with (±) Trans -4,4′-DMAR

Micaela Tirri / Paolo Frisoni / Sabrine Bilel / Raffaella Arfè / Claudio Trapella / Anna Fantinati / Giorgia Corli / Beatrice Marchetti / Fabio De-Giorgio / Cristian Camuto / Monica Mazzarino / Rosa Maria Gaudio / Giovanni Serpelloni / Fabrizio Schifano / Francesco Botrè / Matteo Marti

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 8771, p

Neuro-Behavioural, Physiological, Immunohistochemical and Metabolic Studies in Mice

2021 Volume 8771

Abstract: 4,4’-Dimethylaminorex (4,4’-DMAR) is a new synthetic stimulant, and only a little information has been made available so far regarding its pharmaco-toxicological effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the systemic administration ...

Abstract	4,4’-Dimethylaminorex (4,4’-DMAR) is a new synthetic stimulant, and only a little information has been made available so far regarding its pharmaco-toxicological effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the systemic administration of both the single (±) cis (0.1–60 mg/kg) and (±) trans (30 and 60 mg/kg) stereoisomers and their co-administration (e.g., (±) cis at 1, 10 or 60 mg/kg + (±) trans at 30 mg/kg) in mice. Moreover, we investigated the effect of 4,4′-DMAR on the expression of markers of oxidative/nitrosative stress (8-OHdG, iNOS, NT and NOX2), apoptosis (Smac/DIABLO and NF-κB), and heat shock proteins (HSP27, HSP70, HSP90) in the cerebral cortex. Our study demonstrated that the (±) cis stereoisomer dose-dependently induced psychomotor agitation, sweating, salivation, hyperthermia, stimulated aggression, convulsions and death. Conversely, the (±) trans stereoisomer was ineffective whilst the stereoisomers’ co-administration resulted in a worsening of the toxic (±) cis stereoisomer effects. This trend of responses was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis on the cortex. Finally, we investigated the potentially toxic effects of stereoisomer co-administration by studying urinary excretion. The excretion study showed that the (±) trans stereoisomer reduced the metabolism of the (±) cis form and increased its amount in the urine, possibly reflecting its increased plasma levels and, therefore, the worsening of its toxicity.
Keywords	4-4′-DMAR ; immunohistochemistry ; drug metabolism ; hyperthermia ; novel psychoactive substances ; stimulant ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The diatoms test in veterinary medicine: A pilot study on cetaceans and sea turtles

Rubini, Silva / Alessandra Pautasso / Bruno Cozzi / Carla Grattarola / Chiara Russotto / Federica Giorda / Natascia Pedriali / Paolo Frisoni / Rosa Maria Gaudio / Sandro Mazzariol / Stefania Barbieri / Walter Mignone

Forensic science international. 2018,

2018

Abstract: Fishing activities are considered one of the most relevant threats for cetaceans and sea turtles conservation since these animals are sometimes found dead entangled in fishing gears. Currently, postmortem diagnosis is based mainly on the presence of nets ...

Abstract	Fishing activities are considered one of the most relevant threats for cetaceans and sea turtles conservation since these animals are sometimes found dead entangled in fishing gears. Currently, postmortem diagnosis is based mainly on the presence of nets and lines on the body and the related marks and injuries evident at gross examination. A more detailed and objective evidence is needed to clarify doubts cases and the diatoms technique, used in forensic human medicine, could support drowning diagnosis also in this field. Diatoms’ investigation was implemented to be applied in marine vertebrate on 8 striped (Stenella coeruleoalba) and 1 bottlenose (Tursiops truncatus) dolphins and 5 sea turtles (Caretta caretta) stranded along the Italian coastlines with a likely cause of death hypothized on necropsies carried out by veterinary pathologists. Diatoms were microscopically searched in the bone marrow collected from long bones implementing protocols used in human medicine and their presence was observed in 4 cetaceans and 2 sea turtles. Despite a clear relation between diatoms’ presence and amount and the likely cause of death was not proved due to the poor number of samples, the higher burden of diatoms was found in 3 animals deemed to be death for the interaction with human activity. Despite more studied are necessary to identify the possible relation between the cause of death and diatoms’ findings, the present study implemented this technique to be adapted to marine animals, confirming its possible application also in veterinary forensic medicine.
Keywords	aquacultural and fisheries equipment ; Bacillariophyceae ; bone marrow ; Caretta caretta ; coasts ; death ; dolphins ; forensic sciences ; humans ; medicine ; necropsy ; protocols ; sea turtles ; Stenella coeruleoalba ; Tursiops truncatus ; veterinary medicine
Language	English
Size	p. .
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	424042-x
ISSN	1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
ISSN (online)	1872-6283
ISSN	0379-0738
DOI	10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.06.033
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: A Probable Fatal Case of Oleander ( Nerium oleander ) Poisoning on a Cattle Farm

Silva Rubini / Sabina Strano Rossi / Serena Mestria / Sara Odoardi / Sara Chendi / Andrea Poli / Giuseppe Merialdi / Giuseppina Andreoli / Paolo Frisoni / Rosa Maria Gaudio / Anna Baldisserotto / Piergiacomo Buso / Stefano Manfredini / Guido Govoni / Stefania Barbieri / Cinzia Centelleghe / Giorgia Corazzola / Sandro Mazzariol / Carlo Alessandro Locatelli

Toxins, Vol 11, Iss 8, p

A New Method of Detection and Quantification of the Oleandrin Toxin in Rumen

2019 Volume 442

Abstract: Oleander ( Nerium oleander ) is an ornamental plant common in tropical and sub-tropical regions that is becoming increasingly widespread, even in temperate regions. Oleander poisoning may occur in animals and humans. The main active components contained ... ...

Abstract	Oleander ( Nerium oleander ) is an ornamental plant common in tropical and sub-tropical regions that is becoming increasingly widespread, even in temperate regions. Oleander poisoning may occur in animals and humans. The main active components contained in the plant are cardiac glycosides belonging to the class of cardenolides that are toxic to many species, from human to insects. This work describes a case of oleander poisoning that occurred on a small cattle farm and resulted in the fatality of all six resident animals. Furthermore, the investigation of the poisonous agent is described, with particular focus on the characterization of the oleandrin toxin that was recovered from the forage and rumen contents. The innovation of this study is the first description of the detection and quantification of the oleandrin toxin by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) in rumen.
Keywords	oleander ; Nerium oleander ; poisonous plant ; cattle ; LC–HRMS ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Multicentre observational study on practice of prehospital management of hypotensive trauma patients

John B Holcomb / Tiziana Cena / David Lockey / Luca Montagnani / Simona Cavallo / Andrea Cortegiani / Lorenzo Gamberini / Carlo Coniglio / Marco Tartaglione / Valentina Chiarini / Cristian Lupi / Giovanni Gordini / Tobias Gauss / Aimone Giugni / Maria Teresa Strano / Luca Carenzo / Carlo Alberto Mazzoli / Silvia Cavagna / Davide Allegri /

Giovanni Sbrana / Andrea Caglià / Jacopo Pernechele / Andrea Mina / Roberto Vacca / Roberto Gioachin / Valeria Bonato / Claudia Monge / Paolo Frisoni / Luca Nicora / Giovanna Zilio / Cristina Barbarino / Andrea Paoli / Giacomo Magagnotti / Andrea Spagna / Alberto Trincanato / Francesca Verginella / Marta Pescolderung / Stefania Armani / Adriano Valerio / Giulio Desiderio / Edoardo Picetti / Michela Ciminello / Christian Tosato / Yuri Ferrara / Stefano Barbadori / Silvia Pini / Andrea Vignali / Alberto Baratta / Davide Durì / Calogero Centonze

BMJ Open, Vol 12, Iss

the SPITFIRE study protocol

2022 Volume 5

Keywords	Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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