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  1. Article ; Online: Approach to the Patient with Bilateral Adrenal Masses.

    Vassiliadi, Dimitra-Argyro / Delivanis, Danae-Anastasia / Papalou, Olga / Tsagarakis, Stylianos

    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

    2024  

    Abstract: Bilateral adrenal masses, increasingly encountered in clinical practice, manifest across diverse contexts, including incidental discovery, malignancy staging, and targeted imaging after hormonal diagnosis of adrenal disorders. The spectrum encompasses ... ...

    Abstract Bilateral adrenal masses, increasingly encountered in clinical practice, manifest across diverse contexts, including incidental discovery, malignancy staging, and targeted imaging after hormonal diagnosis of adrenal disorders. The spectrum encompasses various pathologies, such as cortical adenomas, macronodular adrenal disease, pheochromocytomas, myelolipomas, infiltrative disorders, primary and secondary malignancies. Notably, not all masses in both adrenal glands necessarily share the same etiology, often exhibiting diverse causes. Recently, the European Society of Endocrinology and the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors updated guidelines, introduced a four-option schema based on imaging, aiding in targeted hormonal testing and management. This "Approach to the Patient" review delves into the latest advancements in imaging, biochemical and, genetic approaches for the diagnostic and management nuances of bilateral adrenal masses. It provides insights and a contemporary framework for navigating the complexities associated with this clinical entity.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-13
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3029-6
    ISSN 1945-7197 ; 0021-972X
    ISSN (online) 1945-7197
    ISSN 0021-972X
    DOI 10.1210/clinem/dgae164
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Post-Thyroidectomy Development of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) Due to Calcium Over-Replacement.

    Papalou, Olga / Tavernaraki, Ekaterini / Tsagarakis, Stylianos / Vassiliadi, Dimitra Argyro

    JCEM case reports

    2023  Volume 1, Issue 5, Page(s) luad116

    Abstract: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) represents a distinct neurological entity characterized by a range of neurological signs and symptoms (seizures, headache, visual abnormalities, altered consciousness, and/or focal neurological signs) ... ...

    Abstract Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) represents a distinct neurological entity characterized by a range of neurological signs and symptoms (seizures, headache, visual abnormalities, altered consciousness, and/or focal neurological signs) and typical neuroimaging findings reflecting reversible subcortical vasogenic edema, usually in the setting of blood pressure fluctuations, cytotoxic drugs, autoimmune disorders, and eclampsia. Here we present a case of a 61-year-old woman, with a history of recent total thyroidectomy and postoperative hypoparathyroidism, who was admitted to the Emergency Department with generalized seizures. Although in this clinical setting, hypocalcemia is expected as the most possible underlying pathogenic factor for triggering seizures, the patient was diagnosed with iatrogenic hypercalcemia and milk-alkali syndrome. A brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated cortical swelling and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal abnormalities in both occipital, parietal, and right frontal lobes, consistent with PRES. The patient's encephalopathy resolved after resolution of hypercalcemia; she had no neurological deficits on discharge, while she was restarted on lower doses of calcium for hypoparathyroidism. This case illustrates the challenges imposed by postoperative hypoparathyroidism and highlights that PRES is a rare but serious complication of hypercalcemia of which endocrinologists should be aware.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Case Reports
    ISSN 2755-1520
    ISSN (online) 2755-1520
    DOI 10.1210/jcemcr/luad116
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The role of stress in PCOS.

    Papalou, Olga / Diamanti-Kandarakis, Evanthia

    Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism

    2017  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 87–95

    Abstract: Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrinopathy affecting a remarkable proportion of premenopausal women. Different studies have shown that stress is widely encountered in women with PCOS. Areas covered: As PCOS is a ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrinopathy affecting a remarkable proportion of premenopausal women. Different studies have shown that stress is widely encountered in women with PCOS. Areas covered: As PCOS is a multifaceted disorder, 'stress' incorporates different translations. We performed a literature review, focusing on the most recent data, regarding the multipotent role of stress in the syndrome. Expert commentary: Stress is believed to be an important component of PCOS. It encompasses different definitions that are all equivalent, like metabolic, inflammatory, oxidative and emotional stress. However, the type of stress that distinguishes PCOS is metabolic stress. It becomes evident early in life and constitutes the pathophysiological heart of the syndrome. Metabolic stress along with the other types of stress are the progenitors of severe long-term health implications, which exacerbate further the reproductive, metabolic and psychological derangements of the syndrome, leading to an endless cycle of chronic illness.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1744-8417
    ISSN (online) 1744-8417
    DOI 10.1080/17446651.2017.1266250
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The Role of Androgen Excess on Insulin Sensitivity in Women.

    Diamanti-Kandarakis, Evanthia / Papalou, Olga / Kandaraki, Eleni A

    Frontiers of hormone research

    2019  Volume 53, Page(s) 50–64

    Abstract: Sex steroids, except for their primary reproductive role, exert key effects on metabolic target tissues. Androgen receptors have been detected in various tissues, participating in both central and peripheral regulation of metabolism and insulin action. ... ...

    Abstract Sex steroids, except for their primary reproductive role, exert key effects on metabolic target tissues. Androgen receptors have been detected in various tissues, participating in both central and peripheral regulation of metabolism and insulin action. The physiological role of androgens in regulating multiple aspects of female insulin signaling and energy metabolism becomes evident early in utero, thus programming how insulin-targeted tissues will behave in later life. Across lifespan, distinct effects of androgens in all insulin-targeted tissues are controlled by their circulating serum levels, within a narrow window, outside of which disturbances in metabolism are observed. Thus, androgen excess in women, as documented in those with polycystic ovary syndrome, can adversely affect insulin sensitivity, promoting visceral adiposity, adipose tissue dysfunction, and, ultimately, insulin resistance.
    MeSH term(s) Adiposity ; Androgens/blood ; Androgens/metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperandrogenism/blood ; Hyperandrogenism/metabolism ; Insulin/blood ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/blood ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Androgens ; Insulin
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-09-09
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 1662-3762 ; 0301-3073
    ISSN (online) 1662-3762
    ISSN 0301-3073
    DOI 10.1159/000494902
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: An Occult Mediator of Metabolic Disease.

    Papalou, Olga / Kandaraki, Eleni A / Papadakis, George / Diamanti-Kandarakis, Evanthia

    Frontiers in endocrinology

    2019  Volume 10, Page(s) 112

    Abstract: Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a heterogeneous group of exogenous chemicals that can interfere with any aspect of endogenous hormones, represent an emerging global threat for human metabolism. There is now considerable evidence that the observed ... ...

    Abstract Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a heterogeneous group of exogenous chemicals that can interfere with any aspect of endogenous hormones, represent an emerging global threat for human metabolism. There is now considerable evidence that the observed upsurge of metabolic disease cannot be fully attributed to increased caloric intake, physical inactivity, sleep deficit, and ageing. Among environmental factors implicated in the global deterioration of metabolic health, EDCs have drawn the biggest attention of scientific community, and not unjustifiably. EDCs unleash a coordinated attack toward multiple components of human metabolism, including crucial, metabolically-active organs such as hypothalamus, adipose tissue, pancreatic beta cells, skeletal muscle, and liver. Specifically, EDCs' impact during critical developmental windows can promote the disruption of individual or multiple systems involved in metabolism, via inducing epigenetic changes that can permanently alter the epigenome in the germline, enabling changes to be transmitted to the subsequent generations. The clear effect of this multifaceted attack is the manifestation of metabolic disease, clinically expressed as obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Although limitations of EDCs research do exist, there is no doubt that EDCs constitute a crucial parameter of the global deterioration of metabolic health we currently encounter.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-03-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2592084-4
    ISSN 1664-2392
    ISSN 1664-2392
    DOI 10.3389/fendo.2019.00112
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Oxidative Stress in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

    Papalou, Olga / Victor, Victor M / Diamanti-Kandarakis, Evanthia

    Current pharmaceutical design

    2016  Volume 22, Issue 18, Page(s) 2709–2722

    Abstract: Unlabelled: Backgrouund: Polycystic ovary syndrome is a multifaceted disorder with a pathogenetic pathway that is not fully understood yet. Apart from hormonal derangements, insulin signaling defects and adipose tissue dysfunction, oxidative stress, ... ...

    Abstract Unlabelled: Backgrouund: Polycystic ovary syndrome is a multifaceted disorder with a pathogenetic pathway that is not fully understood yet. Apart from hormonal derangements, insulin signaling defects and adipose tissue dysfunction, oxidative stress, defined as an imbalance derived from excessive formation of oxidants in the presence of limited antioxidants defenses, has been actively implicated in the etiology of the syndrome.
    Methods: This review focuses on understanding the putative role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of PCOS and analyzing its interconnection with the rest etiologic parameters and its contribution to the reproductive and metabolic manifestations of the syndrome.
    Results: Although underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated yet, it becomes evident that oxidative stress holds a respectable share in the pathogenesis of PCOS. In fact, PCOS can be considered as a purely oxidative state, where the body antioxidants cannot outweigh the excessive production of free radicals.
    Conclusion: Oxidative stress, in conjunction with the rest etiologic mechanisms of PCOS and the cardinal contribution of environmental factors, leads to an adverse redox status that stigmatizes the natural process of the syndrome.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/metabolism ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-01-09
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1304236-1
    ISSN 1873-4286 ; 1381-6128
    ISSN (online) 1873-4286
    ISSN 1381-6128
    DOI 10.2174/1381612822666160216151852
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and NC-CAH: Distinct Characteristics and Common Findings. A Systematic Review.

    Papadakis, Georgios / Kandaraki, Eleni A / Tseniklidi, Ermioni / Papalou, Olga / Diamanti-Kandarakis, Evanthia

    Frontiers in endocrinology

    2019  Volume 10, Page(s) 388

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-06-19
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Systematic Review
    ZDB-ID 2592084-4
    ISSN 1664-2392
    ISSN 1664-2392
    DOI 10.3389/fendo.2019.00388
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  8. Article ; Online: MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Nutrition as a mediator of oxidative stress in metabolic and reproductive disorders in women.

    Diamanti-Kandarakis, Evanthia / Papalou, Olga / Kandaraki, Eleni A / Kassi, Georgia

    European journal of endocrinology

    2017  Volume 176, Issue 2, Page(s) R79–R99

    Abstract: Nutrition can generate oxidative stress and trigger a cascade of molecular events that can disrupt oxidative and hormonal balance. Nutrient ingestion promotes a major inflammatory and oxidative response at the cellular level in the postprandial state, ... ...

    Abstract Nutrition can generate oxidative stress and trigger a cascade of molecular events that can disrupt oxidative and hormonal balance. Nutrient ingestion promotes a major inflammatory and oxidative response at the cellular level in the postprandial state, altering the metabolic state of tissues. A domino of unfavorable metabolic changes is orchestrated in the main metabolic organs, including adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, liver and pancreas, where subclinical inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, mitochondrial deregulation and impaired insulin response and secretion take place. Simultaneously, in reproductive tissues, nutrition-induced oxidative stress can potentially violate delicate oxidative balance that is mandatory to secure normal reproductive function. Taken all the above into account, nutrition and its accompanying postprandial oxidative stress, in the unique context of female hormonal background, can potentially compromise normal metabolic and reproductive functions in women and may act as an active mediator of various metabolic and reproductive disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Adipose Tissue/metabolism ; Endocrinology ; Female ; Humans ; Metabolic Diseases/physiopathology ; Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Oxidative Stress/physiology ; Reproduction/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1183856-5
    ISSN 1479-683X ; 0804-4643
    ISSN (online) 1479-683X
    ISSN 0804-4643
    DOI 10.1530/EJE-16-0616
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    Uh III Zs.147: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article ; Online: Tailoring treatment for PCOS phenotypes.

    Papadakis, Georgios / Kandaraki, Eleni A / Garidou, Anna / Koutsaki, Maria / Papalou, Olga / Diamanti-Kandarakis, Evanthia / Peppa, Melpomeni

    Expert review of endocrinology & metabolism

    2020  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 9–18

    Abstract: ... ...

    Abstract Introduction
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Anovulation ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperandrogenism ; Phenotype ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/drug therapy
    Chemical Substances Anti-Mullerian Hormone (80497-65-0)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-31
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1744-8417
    ISSN (online) 1744-8417
    DOI 10.1080/17446651.2021.1865152
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  10. Article ; Online: Is cardiovascular risk in women with PCOS a real risk? Current insights.

    Papadakis, Georgios / Kandaraki, Eleni / Papalou, Olga / Vryonidou, Andromachi / Diamanti-Kandarakis, Evanthia

    Minerva endocrinologica

    2017  Volume 42, Issue 4, Page(s) 340–355

    Abstract: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive aged women. PCOS incorporates not only symptoms related to the reproductive system but also a clustering of systemic metabolic abnormalities that are linked with ... ...

    Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in reproductive aged women. PCOS incorporates not only symptoms related to the reproductive system but also a clustering of systemic metabolic abnormalities that are linked with increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). More specifically, metabolic aberrations such as impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, accompanied by increased low-grade inflammation as well as elevated coagulation factors appear to contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk. Even though many studies have indicated a rise in surrogate biomarkers of CVD in women with PCOS, it is still doubtful to what extent and magnitude this elevation can be translated to real cardiovascular events. Furthermore, the cardiovascular risk factors appear to vary significantly in the different phenotypes of the syndrome. Women with PCOS have the potential for early atherosclerosis, myocardial and endothelial dysfunction. Whether PCOS women are at real cardiovascular risk compared to controls remains between the verge of theoretical and real threat for the PCOS women at any age but particularly in the post-menopausal state. Interestingly, although the presence of the CVD risk factors is well documented in PCOS women, their combination on different phenotypes may play a role, which eventually results in a spectrum of clinical manifestations of CVD with variable degree of severity. The present manuscript aims to review the interaction between PCOS and the combination of several cardiovascular risk factors.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-12
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 423687-7
    ISSN 1827-1634 ; 0391-1977
    ISSN (online) 1827-1634
    ISSN 0391-1977
    DOI 10.23736/S0391-1977.17.02609-8
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