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Article ; Online: Sub-Micro Organosolv Lignin as Bio-Based Epoxy Polymer Component: A Sustainable Curing Agent and Additive.

Pappa, Christina P / Torofias, Stylianos / Triantafyllidis, Konstantinos S

ChemSusChem

2023 Volume 16, Issue 13, Page(s) e202300076

Abstract: Sub-micro organosolv lignin (OBs) isolated from beechwood biomass, comprising of sub-micro sized particles (570 nm) with low molecular weight and dispersity and relatively high total phenolic -OH content, is utilized for the production of bio-based epoxy ...

Abstract	Sub-micro organosolv lignin (OBs) isolated from beechwood biomass, comprising of sub-micro sized particles (570 nm) with low molecular weight and dispersity and relatively high total phenolic -OH content, is utilized for the production of bio-based epoxy polymer composites. OBs lignin is incorporated into the glassy epoxy system based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and aliphatic polyoxypropylene α,ω-diamine (Jeffamine D-230), being utilized both as a curing agent, partially replacing D-230, and as an additive, substituting part of both petroleum-derived components. Up to 12 wt % replacement of D-230 by OBs lignin is achieved, whereas approximately 17 wt % of OBs effectively replaces the conventional epoxy polymer. The incorporation of OBs lignin in the polymeric matrix is achieved without the use of any solvent or previous functionalization. Enhanced properties are obtained, with substantial increases in tensile strength, strain, stiffness, glass transition temperature, antioxidant activity, and resistance to solvents.
MeSH term(s)	Lignin ; Temperature ; Polymers ; Tensile Strength ; Solvents ; Epoxy Resins
Chemical Substances	Lignin (9005-53-2) ; Polymers ; Solvents ; Epoxy Resins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-02
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1864-564X
ISSN (online)	1864-564X
DOI	10.1002/cssc.202300076
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Article ; Online: Kraft (Nano)Lignin as Reactive Additive in Epoxy Polymer Bio-Composites.

Pappa, Christina P / Cailotto, Simone / Gigli, Matteo / Crestini, Claudia / Triantafyllidis, Konstantinos S

Polymers

2024 Volume 16, Issue 4

Abstract: The demand for high-performance bio-based materials towards achieving more sustainable manufacturing and circular economy models is growing significantly. Kraft lignin (KL) is an abundant and highly functional aromatic/phenolic biopolymer, being the main ...

Abstract	The demand for high-performance bio-based materials towards achieving more sustainable manufacturing and circular economy models is growing significantly. Kraft lignin (KL) is an abundant and highly functional aromatic/phenolic biopolymer, being the main side product of the pulp and paper industry, as well as of the more recent 2nd generation biorefineries. In this study, KL was incorporated into a glassy epoxy system based on the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and an amine curing agent (Jeffamine D-230), being utilized as partial replacement of the curing agent and the DGEBA prepolymer or as a reactive additive. A D-230 replacement by pristine (unmodified) KL of up to 14 wt.% was achieved while KL-epoxy composites with up to 30 wt.% KL exhibited similar thermo-mechanical properties and substantially enhanced antioxidant properties compared to the neat epoxy polymer. Additionally, the effect of the KL particle size was investigated. Ball-milled kraft lignin (BMKL, 10 μm) and nano-lignin (NLH, 220 nm) were, respectively, obtained after ball milling and ultrasonication and were studied as additives in the same epoxy system. Significantly improved dispersion and thermo-mechanical properties were obtained, mainly with nano-lignin, which exhibited fully transparent lignin-epoxy composites with higher tensile strength, storage modulus and glass transition temperature, even at 30 wt.% loadings. Lastly, KL lignin was glycidylized (GKL) and utilized as a bio-based epoxy prepolymer, achieving up to 38 wt.% replacement of fossil-based DGEBA. The GKL composites exhibited improved thermo-mechanical properties and transparency. All lignins were extensively characterized using NMR, TGA, GPC, and DLS techniques to correlate and justify the epoxy polymer characterization results.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527146-5
ISSN	2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
ISSN (online)	2073-4360
ISSN	2073-4360
DOI	10.3390/polym16040553
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Article: The Effect of Nanobubbles on Transdermal Applications.

Mitropoulos, Athanasios Ch / Pappa, Christina / Kosheleva, Ramonna I / Kyzas, George Z

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 13, Issue 18

Abstract: In the present work, a new method for dermal delivery using nanobubbles (NBs) is investigated. Oxygen NBs are generated in deionized water and used to produce cosmetic formulations with hyaluronic acid as an active ingredient. Nanobubbles result in the ... ...

Abstract	In the present work, a new method for dermal delivery using nanobubbles (NBs) is investigated. Oxygen NBs are generated in deionized water and used to produce cosmetic formulations with hyaluronic acid as an active ingredient. Nanobubbles result in the improvement of the effect and penetration of the active ingredient through Strat-M, a synthetic membrane that resembles human skin. Experiments conducted with the Franz Cell device confirm the greater penetration of the active ingredient into Strat-M due to NBs, compared to cosmetic formulations that do not contain NBs. The effect of NBs was further examined by measuring UV-Vis and FTIR spectra. A possible mechanism was outlined, too. It was also found that NBs do not change the pH or the FTIR spectrum of the cosmetic serum indicating non-toxicity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662255-5
ISSN	2079-4991
ISSN	2079-4991
DOI	10.3390/nano13182600
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Article ; Online: Late presentation during the COVID-19 pandemic of severe procidentia: a high-grade poorly differentiated sarcoma of unknown origin.

Pappa, Christina / Smyth, Sarah Louise / Soleymani Majd, Hooman

BMJ case reports

2022 Volume 15, Issue 2

Abstract: High-grade poorly differentiated sarcomas of unknown primary origin constitute a rare entity and are characterised by wide histopathological diversity and atypical presentations. We present such an unusual case attending with severe procidentia in a 68- ... ...

Abstract	High-grade poorly differentiated sarcomas of unknown primary origin constitute a rare entity and are characterised by wide histopathological diversity and atypical presentations. We present such an unusual case attending with severe procidentia in a 68-year-old postmenopausal female. On review of the literature, there are no similar cases reported. Herein, we present this case as in view of its rare clinical appearance combined with the advanced and histologically uncertain nature of the tumour, which raised significant challenges regarding diagnosis and surgical management in considerations of oncological hygiene and risk of tumour spillage. This was further potentiated by delay in diagnosis and treatment due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Sarcoma/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ISSN	1757-790X
ISSN (online)	1757-790X
DOI	10.1136/bcr-2021-246710
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Book ; Online ; Thesis: Evolving Technology Education in Primary Schools: A Two-Decade Journey Through a Systematic Review and Teacher Insights

Pappa, Christina Ioanna Verfasser] / [Pittich, Daniel [Akademischer Betreuer] / Riedl, Alfred Gutachter] / [Pittich, Daniel [Gutachter] / Georgiou, Despoina [Gutachter]

2024

Author's details	Christina Ioanna Pappa ; Gutachter: Alfred Riedl, Daniel Pittich, Despoina Georgiou ; Betreuer: Daniel Pittich
Keywords	Erziehung, Schul- und Bildungswesen ; Education
Subject code	sg370
Language	English
Publisher	Universitätsbibliothek der TU München
Publishing place	München
Document type	Book ; Online ; Thesis
Database	Digital theses on the web

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Article ; Online: Superiority of bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting in long-term survival after coronary artery bypass through the lenses of a bedside risk score.

Toumpoulis, Ioannis K / Pappa, Christina K / Kanistras, Dimitrios A / Anagnostopoulos, Constantine E / Toumpoulis, Stavros K

Hellenic journal of cardiology : HJC = Hellenike kardiologike epitheorese

2021 Volume 64, Page(s) 15–23

Abstract: Objective: Risk algorithms for the prediction of long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) do not include the use of bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) grafting among the independent predictors. We sought to reveal the ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Risk algorithms for the prediction of long-term survival after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) do not include the use of bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) grafting among the independent predictors. We sought to reveal the superiority of BITA grafting in the long-term outcome through the lenses of an existing bedside risk score (BRS). Methods: This study analyzed data from 5,666 consecutive patients undergoing isolated (n = 4,715 - BITA = 2,792) and combined (n = 951 - BITA = 246) CABG. The mean follow-up period was 10.3 years (interquartile range, 9.9 years). All the predictors of an existing BRS were available for analysis (age, body mass index, ejection fraction, unstable hemodynamic state, left main disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, congestive heart failure, malignant ventricular arrhythmia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, and previous heart surgery). Furthermore, a modified BRS was constructed taking into account the use of BITA grafting and combined CABG. Results: The good discriminatory ability and satisfactory calibration of the BRS was confirmed in the isolated CABG subgroup. The modified BRS showed improved discriminatory ability and similar calibration. It showed a time-varying coefficient, and accordingly, we calculated the adjusted survival predictions up to 20 years after isolated and combined CABG with or without BITA grafting. Patients with BITA grafting in the low-risk quartile showed 68.4% and 65.5% predicted survival rates at 20 years in the isolated and combined CABG subgroups, respectively, versus the survival rates of 56.4% and 52.8% observed among patients without BITA grafting. Conclusion: The modified BRS is a useful simplified algorithm for clinicians in choosing treatment intervention for severe isolated or combined coronary artery disease. We clearly demonstrated the superiority of BITA grafting in long-term survival throughout the entire range of the modified BRS.
MeSH term(s)	Coronary Artery Bypass/adverse effects ; Coronary Artery Disease/surgery ; Humans ; Mammary Arteries/surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-03
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2215027-4
ISSN	2241-5955 ; 1109-9666
ISSN (online)	2241-5955
ISSN	1109-9666
DOI	10.1016/j.hjc.2021.10.001
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Article ; Online: Prediction of Long-Term Survival after Coronary Artery Bypass with Bilateral Internal Thoracic Artery Grafting: External Validation of A Contemporary Nomogram.

Toumpoulis, Ioannis K / Kanistras, Dimitrios A / Pappa, Christina K / Zagoriti, Zoi / Anagnostopoulos, Constantine E / Toumpoulis, Stavros K

Journal of cardiovascular development and disease

2022 Volume 9, Issue 11

Abstract: Background: This study aimed to verify the external validation of a contemporary nomogram in predicting long-term survival after an isolated coronary artery bypass with bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting (CABG-BITA). Methods: Consecutive ... ...

Abstract	Background: This study aimed to verify the external validation of a contemporary nomogram in predicting long-term survival after an isolated coronary artery bypass with bilateral internal thoracic artery grafting (CABG-BITA). Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent CABG-BITA at a single center were included in the study. All the predictors of the original risk score (age, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, chronic renal failure, old myocardial infarction, ejection fraction, intra-aortic balloon pump and peripheral arterial disease) were available for analysis. Results: Among the 2846 consecutive patients, a total of 1176 (41.3%) deaths were recorded during the 31,383 patient years of follow-up. The median EuroSCORE II was 2.35, and the median follow-up was 11.1 years. The risk score showed 72.7% overall discriminatory ability as measured by Harrell’s concordance statistic. It showed satisfactory calibration at 10, 15 and 20 years of follow-up. The risk score showed a time-varying nonlinear effect, and accordingly, adjusted long-term survival predictions were calculated. There were subgroups (scores < 50 points) with favorable 20-year survival rates ranging from 77% to 60%. Higher risk subgroups (scores > 90 points) showed poor 20-year survival rates ranging from 22% to 4%. Conclusions: The validated risk score represents a useful algorithm for the detection of patients who could benefit after CABG-BITA with respect to long-term survival. Although further multi-center studies are required worldwide to reveal the usefulness of this score in the clinical setting, its wide adoption may act as a motivation for cardiac surgeons resulting in higher numbers of CABG-BITA procedures.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-02
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2777082-5
ISSN	2308-3425 ; 2308-3425
ISSN (online)	2308-3425
ISSN	2308-3425
DOI	10.3390/jcdd9110375
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Article ; Online: Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(lactic acid) Composites with Organosolv Lignin.

Terzopoulou, Zoi / Xanthopoulou, Eleftheria / Pardalis, Nikolaos / Pappa, Christina P / Torofias, Stylianos / Triantafyllidis, Konstantinos S / Bikiaris, Dimitrios N

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 27, Issue 23

Abstract: Lignin, being one of the main structural components of lignocellulosic biomass, is considered the most abundant natural source of phenolics and aromatics. Efforts for its valorisation were recently explored as it is mostly treated as waste from heat/ ... ...

Abstract	Lignin, being one of the main structural components of lignocellulosic biomass, is considered the most abundant natural source of phenolics and aromatics. Efforts for its valorisation were recently explored as it is mostly treated as waste from heat/energy production via combustion. Among them, polymer-based lignin composites are a promising approach to both valorise lignin and to fine tune the properties of polymers. In this work, organosolv lignin, from beech wood, was used as fillers in a poly (lactic acid) (PLA) matrix. The PLA/lignin composites were prepared using melt mixing of masterbatches with neat PLA in three different lignin contents: 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 wt%. Lignin was used as-isolated, via the organosolv biomass pretreatment/fractionation process and after 8 h of ball milling. The composites were characterised with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, their antioxidant activity was assessed with the 2,2-Diphenyil-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, the colour was measured with a colorimeter and the mechanical properties were evaluated with tensile testing. Ball milling, at least under the conditions applied in this study, did not induce a further substantial decrease in the already relatively small organosolv lignin primary particles of ~1 μm. All the produced PLA/lignin composites had a uniform dispersion of lignin. Compression-moulded films were successfully prepared, and they were coloured brown, with ball-milled lignin, giving a slightly lighter colour in comparison with the as-received lignin. Hydrogen bonding was detected between the components of the composites, and crystallization of the PLA was suppressed by both lignin, with the suppression being less pronounced by the ball-milled lignin. All composites showed a significantly improved antioxidant activity, and their mechanical properties were maintained for filler content 1 wt%.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1413402-0
ISSN	1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
ISSN (online)	1420-3049
ISSN	1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
DOI	10.3390/molecules27238143
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Article ; Online: Can maternal hormones play a significant role in delivery mode?

Pappa, Christina / Gkrozou, Fani / Dimitriou, Evangelos / Tsonis, Orestis / Kitsouli, Aikaterini / Varvarousis, Dimitrios / Xydis, Vasileios / Paschopoulos, Minas / Kitsoulis, Panagiotis

Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology

2022 , Page(s) 1–8

Abstract: The aim of this study was primarily to evaluate the levels of progesterone, oestradiol and relaxin during different delivery modes and secondarily to assess specific traits and changes in maternal pelvic dimensions during pregnancy and childbirth, in ... ...

Abstract	The aim of this study was primarily to evaluate the levels of progesterone, oestradiol and relaxin during different delivery modes and secondarily to assess specific traits and changes in maternal pelvic dimensions during pregnancy and childbirth, in correlation with foetal size and maternal hormonal profile. Nulliparous women (
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604639-3
ISSN	1364-6893 ; 0144-3615
ISSN (online)	1364-6893
ISSN	0144-3615
DOI	10.1080/01443615.2022.2109139
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Article: Mixed Endometrial Epithelial Carcinoma: Epidemiology, Treatment and Survival Rates-A 10-Year Retrospective Cohort Study from a Single Institution.

Pappa, Christina / Le Thanh, Valentina / Smyth, Sarah Louise / Zouridis, Andreas / Kashif, Ammara / Sadeghi, Negin / Sattar, Alisha / Damato, Stephen / Abdalla, Mostafa / Laganà, Antonio Simone / Ferrari, Federico / Kehoe, Sean / Addley, Susan / Soleymani Majd, Hooman

Journal of clinical medicine

2023 Volume 12, Issue 19

Abstract: Mixed endometrial carcinoma (MEEC) refers to rare endometrial tumours that are composed of two or more distinct histotypes, at least one of which is serous or clear cell. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, treatment outcomes and ... ...

Abstract	Mixed endometrial carcinoma (MEEC) refers to rare endometrial tumours that are composed of two or more distinct histotypes, at least one of which is serous or clear cell. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, treatment outcomes and survival rates of patients with mixed endometrial carcinoma. The medical records of 34 patients diagnosed with MEEC between March 2010 and January 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Clinicopathological variables and treatment strategies were assessed, and overall survival and disease-free survival rates were evaluated. The histology of endometrioid and serous component was found in 26 (76.5%) patients, followed by serous and clear-cell components (5/34, 14.5%) and mixed endometrioid serous and clear-cell components (3/34, 8.8%). The median age at diagnosis was 70 years (range 52-84), and the median follow-up time was 55 months. The 5-year disease-free survival and the 5-year overall survival were 50.4% and 52.4%, respectively. Advanced disease stage was identified as an independent predictor of inferior disease-free (<0.003) and overall survival (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662592-1
ISSN	2077-0383
ISSN	2077-0383
DOI	10.3390/jcm12196373
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