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  1. AU="Pargent, Florian"
  2. AU=Fausther Michel
  3. AU="Arrate, Clara"
  4. AU="Tarrach, Klaus"
  5. AU="Coburn, Bryan A"
  6. AU="Fieke Mooren"
  7. AU=Lubitz Steven A.
  8. AU=Chattopadhyay Sanchari
  9. AU=Ghanbari Behzad
  10. AU="Desmecht, Daniel"
  11. AU="Juškov, A. N"
  12. AU="Bach, Francis"
  13. AU="Afşin, Emine"
  14. AU="McLeod, Jonathan"
  15. AU=Srensen Morten Drby
  16. AU=de Noronha Lucia
  17. AU=Robinson Jennifer G
  18. AU=CHIACO JOHN MICHAEL S. CHUA
  19. AU="Simon, Benedikt"
  20. AU="Zhao, Andong"
  21. AU="Zhao, Tianshi"
  22. AU="Morris, Helen"

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  1. Artikel ; Online: Everything has its price: Foundations of cost-sensitive machine learning and its application in psychology.

    Sterner, Philipp / Goretzko, David / Pargent, Florian

    Psychological methods

    2023  

    Abstract: Psychology has seen an increase in the use of machine learning (ML) methods. In many applications, observations are classified into one of two groups (binary classification). Off-the-shelf classification algorithms assume that the costs of a ... ...

    Abstract Psychology has seen an increase in the use of machine learning (ML) methods. In many applications, observations are classified into one of two groups (binary classification). Off-the-shelf classification algorithms assume that the costs of a misclassification (false positive or false negative) are equal. Because this is often not reasonable (e.g., in clinical psychology), cost-sensitive machine learning (CSL) methods can take different cost ratios into account. We present the mathematical foundations and introduce a taxonomy of the most commonly used CSL methods, before demonstrating their application and usefulness on psychological data, that is, the drug consumption data set (
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-08-10
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2103345-6
    ISSN 1939-1463 ; 1082-989X
    ISSN (online) 1939-1463
    ISSN 1082-989X
    DOI 10.1037/met0000586
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Artikel ; Online: Machine Learning and Risk Assessment: Random Forest Does Not Outperform Logistic Regression in the Prediction of Sexual Recidivism.

    Etzler, Sonja / Schönbrodt, Felix D / Pargent, Florian / Eher, Reinhard / Rettenberger, Martin

    Assessment

    2023  Band 31, Heft 2, Seite(n) 460–481

    Abstract: Although many studies supported the use of actuarial risk assessment instruments (ARAIs) because they outperformed unstructured judgments, it remains an ongoing challenge to seek potentials for improvement of their predictive performance. Machine ... ...

    Abstract Although many studies supported the use of actuarial risk assessment instruments (ARAIs) because they outperformed unstructured judgments, it remains an ongoing challenge to seek potentials for improvement of their predictive performance. Machine learning (ML) algorithms, like random forests, are able to detect patterns in data useful for prediction purposes without explicitly programming them (e.g., by considering nonlinear effects between risk factors and the criterion). Therefore, the current study aims to compare conventional logistic regression analyses with the random forest algorithm on a sample of
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adult ; Humans ; Male ; Recidivism ; Random Forest ; Logistic Models ; Prospective Studies ; Sex Offenses ; Risk Assessment/methods
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-04-11
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1362144-0
    ISSN 1552-3489 ; 1073-1911
    ISSN (online) 1552-3489
    ISSN 1073-1911
    DOI 10.1177/10731911231164624
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Artikel: Machine learning and risk assessment

    Etzler, Sonja / Schonbrodt, Felix D. / Pargent, Florian / Eher, Reinhard / Rettenberger, Martin

    Assessment

    Random forest does not outperform logistic regression in the prediction of sexual recidivism

    2024  Band 31, Heft 2, Seite(n) 460–481

    Abstract: Although many studies supported the use of actuarial risk assessment instruments (ARAIs) because they outperformed unstructured judgments, it remains an ongoing challenge to seek potentials for improvement of their predictive performance. Machine ... ...

    Titelübersetzung Maschinelles Lernen und Risikobewertung: Random Forest übertrifft die logistische Regression bei der Vorhersage von sexuellen Rückfällen nicht. (DeepL)
    Abstract Although many studies supported the use of actuarial risk assessment instruments (ARAIs) because they outperformed unstructured judgments, it remains an ongoing challenge to seek potentials for improvement of their predictive performance. Machine learning (ML) algorithms, like random forests, are able to detect patterns in data useful for prediction purposes without explicitly programming them (e.g., by considering nonlinear effects between risk factors and the criterion). Therefore, the current study aims to compare conventional logistic regression analyses with the random forest algorithm on a sample of N = 511 adult male individuals convicted of sexual offenses. Data were collected at the Federal Evaluation Center for Violent and Sexual Offenders in Austria within a prospective-longitudinal research design and participants were followed-up for an average of M = 8.2 years. The Static-99, containing static risk factors, and the Stable-2007, containing stable dynamic risk factors, were included as predictors. The results demonstrated no superior predictive performance of the random forest compared with logistic regression; furthermore, methods of interpretable ML did not point to any robust nonlinear effects. Altogether, results supported the statistical use of logistic regression for the development and clinical application of ARAIs.
    Schlagwörter Algorithmen ; Algorithms ; Criminal Offenders ; Decision Tree Algorithms ; Entscheidungsbaum-Algorithmen ; Logistic Regression ; Logistische Regression ; Machine Learning ; Maschinelles Lernen ; Predictive Validity ; Prädiktive Validität ; Recidivism ; Risikoerfassung ; Risk Assessment ; Rückfälligkeit (Delinquenz) ; Sex Offenses ; Sexualdelikte ; Straffällige
    Sprache Englisch
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 1362144-0
    ISSN 1552-3489 ; 1073-1911
    ISSN (online) 1552-3489
    ISSN 1073-1911
    DOI 10.1177/10731911231164624
    Datenquelle PSYNDEX

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  4. Artikel: Das Konfidenz-/Signifikanzniveau impliziert ein bestimmtes Kostenverhältnis zwischen Fehler 1. Art und Fehler 2. Art. Für ein stärkeres Einbeziehen der Entscheidungstheorie in die psychologische Einzelfalldiagnostik

    Sterner, Philipp / Friemelt, Benedikt / Goretzko, David / Kraus, Elisabeth / Bühner, Markus / Pargent, Florian

    Diagnostica

    2024  , Seite(n) 1–13

    Abstract: Die psychologische Einzelfalldiagnostik erfordert oft konkrete Entscheidungen, z. B. ob Personen in einem psychologischen Bereich "unterdurchschnittlich" sind. Alle deutschen Lehrbücher empfehlen, die Messunsicherheit von psychologischen Tests zu ... ...

    Titelübersetzung The confidence/significance level implies a certain cost ratio between type I error and type II error. An appeal for a stronger focus on decisiontheory in psychological assessment
    Abstract Die psychologische Einzelfalldiagnostik erfordert oft konkrete Entscheidungen, z. B. ob Personen in einem psychologischen Bereich "unterdurchschnittlich" sind. Alle deutschen Lehrbücher empfehlen, die Messunsicherheit von psychologischen Tests zu berücksichtigen, z. B. durch kritische Differenzen, Hypothesentests oder Konfidenzintervalle. Diese Empfehlungen ähneln jedoch Heuristiken ohne eine nachvollziehbare Begründung, wie das geeignete Signifikanz- oder Konfidenzniveau zu wählen ist. Die statistische Entscheidungstheorie ist ein mathematischer Rahmen, um rationale Entscheidungen zu treffen. Obwohl sie bereits früh in der Psychologie behandelt wurde, findet sie heute wenig Beachtung. Aus einer entscheidungstheoretischen Perspektive betrachtet, lassen sich die impliziten Annahmen aktueller Entscheidungsheuristiken aufzeigen. Die Verwendung zweiseitiger Hypothesentests und Konfidenzintervalle mit einem Signifikanzniveau von Alpha = 0.05 impliziert beispielsweise, dass Fehler 1. Art 39-mal schwerwiegender eingestuft werden als Fehler 2. Art. In diesem Artikel geben wir eine kurze Einführung in die Entscheidungstheorie und nutzen dieses Framework, um die Auswirkungen auf die derzeitige Praxis zu erörtern. Außerdem stellen wir eine Umfrage unter klinischen Neuropsychologinnen und -psychologen vor, die für ein Fallbeispiel ihre internen Kostenverhältnisse angaben. Obwohl die Kostenverhältnisse der Praktikerinnen und Praktiker variierten, wählte die Mehrheit weniger extreme Verhältnisse als die üblichen Heuristiken vermuten ließen. Wir argumentieren, dass die Einzelfalldiagnostik von einer expliziten Berücksichtigung entscheidungstheoretischer Implikationen profitieren würde und skizzieren mögliche zukünftige Forschungsrichtungen.
    Schlagwörter Alpha-Fehler (Statistik) ; Bayesian Analysis ; Bayessche Analyse ; Beta-Fehler (Statistik) ; Confidence Limits (Statistics) ; Decision Theory ; Entscheidungstheorie ; Error of Measurement ; Konfidenzgrenzen (Statistik) ; Messfehler ; Neuropsychologie ; Neuropsychology ; Psychological Assessment ; Psychologinnen und Psychologen ; Psychologische Messung ; Psychologists ; Type I Errors ; Type II Errors
    Sprache Deutsch
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 212493-2
    ISSN 0012-1924 ; 0012-1924
    ISSN (online) 0012-1924
    ISSN 0012-1924
    DOI 10.1026/0012-1924/a000329
    Datenquelle PSYNDEX

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  5. Buch ; Online: Detection, avoidance, and compensation - three studies on extreme response style

    Pargent, Florian / Bühner, Markus

    2017  

    Verfasserangabe Florian Pargent ; Betreuer: Markus Bühner
    Sprache Englisch
    Umfang 1 Online-Ressource
    Verlag Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
    Erscheinungsort München
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
    Datenquelle Bibliothek der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover

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  6. Buch ; Online: Regularized target encoding outperforms traditional methods in supervised machine learning with high cardinality features

    Pargent, Florian / Pfisterer, Florian / Thomas, Janek / Bischl, Bernd

    2021  

    Abstract: Since most machine learning (ML) algorithms are designed for numerical inputs, efficiently encoding categorical variables is a crucial aspect in data analysis. A common problem are high cardinality features, i.e. unordered categorical predictor variables ...

    Abstract Since most machine learning (ML) algorithms are designed for numerical inputs, efficiently encoding categorical variables is a crucial aspect in data analysis. A common problem are high cardinality features, i.e. unordered categorical predictor variables with a high number of levels. We study techniques that yield numeric representations of categorical variables which can then be used in subsequent ML applications. We focus on the impact of these techniques on a subsequent algorithm's predictive performance, and -- if possible -- derive best practices on when to use which technique. We conducted a large-scale benchmark experiment, where we compared different encoding strategies together with five ML algorithms (lasso, random forest, gradient boosting, k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine) using datasets from regression, binary- and multiclass- classification settings. In our study, regularized versions of target encoding (i.e. using target predictions based on the feature levels in the training set as a new numerical feature) consistently provided the best results. Traditionally widely used encodings that make unreasonable assumptions to map levels to integers (e.g. integer encoding) or to reduce the number of levels (possibly based on target information, e.g. leaf encoding) before creating binary indicator variables (one-hot or dummy encoding) were not as effective in comparison.

    Comment: Comput Stat (2022)
    Schlagwörter Statistics - Machine Learning ; Computer Science - Machine Learning
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 006
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-04-01
    Erscheinungsland us
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  7. Artikel: Evaluation of the German Version of the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Screening Scale for DSM-5 as a Screening Tool for Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary Care.

    Ballmann, Cora / Kölle, Markus Alexander / Bekavac-Günther, Ines / Wolf, Florian / Pargent, Florian / Barzel, Anne / Philipsen, Alexandra / Gensichen, Jochen

    Frontiers in psychology

    2022  Band 13, Seite(n) 858147

    Abstract: Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common, but often undiagnosed. A valid and time-efficient screening tool for primary care is needed. Objective of this study is to evaluate the German version of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale ... ...

    Abstract Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is common, but often undiagnosed. A valid and time-efficient screening tool for primary care is needed. Objective of this study is to evaluate the German version of the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale for DSM-5 (ASRS-5) and its feasibility, acceptability, and reliability as a screening tool for adult ADHD in primary care. A multi-centered prospective, diagnostic study was performed. We recruited 262 patients in primary care practices and at an ADHD Outpatient Service of a department of psychiatry in Germany. Patients from 18 to 65 years with suspected or diagnosed ADHD were included by medical doctors, as well as non-ADHD patients as "negative controls." Participants filled in the ASRS-5 and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The Integrated Diagnosis of Adult ADHD, revised version (IDA-R) performed by trained interviewers was used for validation. Feasibility, acceptability, and credibility in primary care practices were examined through a semi-structured interview. The German version of the ASRS-5 showed comparable psychometric properties to the English original version (sensitivity 95.6% and specificity 72.3%). For factor structure, a parallel analysis suggested one latent dimension. Performing confirmatory factor analysis, the best fit was achieved for a general factor with one correlated error. Internal consistency results in Raykovs Omega = 0.86 and Cronbach's
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-04-22
    Erscheinungsland Switzerland
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2563826-9
    ISSN 1664-1078
    ISSN 1664-1078
    DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.858147
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Buch ; Online ; Dissertation / Habilitation: Detection, avoidance, and compensation - three studies on extreme response style

    Pargent, Florian [Verfasser] / Bühner, Markus [Akademischer Betreuer]

    2017  

    Verfasserangabe Florian Pargent ; Betreuer: Markus Bühner
    Schlagwörter Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin ; Agriculture, Veterinary Science
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) sg630
    Sprache Englisch
    Verlag Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
    Erscheinungsort München
    Dokumenttyp Buch ; Online ; Dissertation / Habilitation
    Datenquelle Digitale Dissertationen im Internet

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  9. Artikel ; Online: Cognitive reserve in young and old healthy subjects: differences and similarities in a testing-the-limits paradigm with DSST.

    Zihl, Josef / Fink, Thomas / Pargent, Florian / Ziegler, Matthias / Bühner, Markus

    PloS one

    2014  Band 9, Heft 1, Seite(n) e84590

    Abstract: Cognitive reserve (CR) is understood as capacity to cope with challenging conditions, e.g. after brain injury or in states of brain dysfunction, or age-related cognitive decline. CR in elderly subjects has attracted much research interest, but ... ...

    Abstract Cognitive reserve (CR) is understood as capacity to cope with challenging conditions, e.g. after brain injury or in states of brain dysfunction, or age-related cognitive decline. CR in elderly subjects has attracted much research interest, but differences between healthy older and younger subjects have not been addressed in detail hitherto. Usually, one-time standard individual assessments are used to characterise CR. Here we observe CR as individual improvement in cognitive performance (gain) in a complex testing-the-limits paradigm, the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), with 10 repeated measurements, in 140 younger (20-30 yrs) and 140 older (57-74 yrs) healthy subjects. In addition, we assessed attention, memory and executive function, and mood and personality traits as potential influence factors for CR. We found that both, younger and older subjects showed significant gains, which were significantly correlated with speed of information processing, verbal short-term memory and visual problem solving in the older group only. Gender, personality traits and mood did not significantly influence gains in either group. Surprisingly about half of the older subjects performed at the level of the younger group, suggesting that interindividual differences in CR are possibly age-independent. We propose that these findings may also be understood as indication that one-time standard individual measurements do not allow assessment of CR, and that the use of DSST in a testing-the-limits paradigm is a valuable assessment method for CR in young and elderly subjects.
    Mesh-Begriff(e) Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Cognition ; Cognitive Reserve/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Individuality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Young Adult
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2014-01-03
    Erscheinungsland United States
    Dokumenttyp Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0084590
    Datenquelle MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Artikel: To challenge the morning lark and the night owl

    Schoedel, Ramona / Pargent, Florian / Au, Quay / Völkel, Sarah Theres / Schuwerk, Tobias / Bühner, Markus / Stachl, Clemens

    European Journal of Personality

    Using smartphone sensing data to investigate day-night behaviour patterns

    2020  Band 34, Heft 5, Seite(n) 733–752

    Abstract: For decades, day-night patterns in behaviour have been investigated by asking people about their sleep-wake timing, their diurnal activity patterns, and their sleep duration. We demonstrate that the increasing digitalization of lifestyle offers new ... ...

    Titelübersetzung Um die Morgenlerche und die Nachteule herauszufordern: Verwendung von Smartphone-Sensordaten zur Untersuchung von Tag-Nacht-Verhaltensmustern
    Abstract For decades, day-night patterns in behaviour have been investigated by asking people about their sleep-wake timing, their diurnal activity patterns, and their sleep duration. We demonstrate that the increasing digitalization of lifestyle offers new possibilities for research to investigate day-night patterns and related traits with the help of behavioural data. Using smartphone sensing, we collected in vivo data from 597 participants across several weeks and extracted behavioural day-night pattern indicators. Using this data, we explored three popular research topics. First, we focused on individual differences in day-night patterns by investigating whether 'morning larks' and 'night owls' manifest in smartphone-sensed behavioural indicators. Second, we examined whether personality traits are related to day-night patterns. Finally, exploring social jetlag, we investigated whether traits and work weekly day-night behaviours influence day-night patterns on weekends. Our findings highlight that behavioural data play an essential role in understanding daily routines and their relations to personality traits. We discuss how psychological research can integrate new behavioural approaches to study personality.
    Schlagwörter Alltagsaktivitäten ; Behavioral Assessment ; Biologische Rhythmen beim Menschen ; Chronotyp ; Chronotype ; Daily Activities ; Human Biological Rhythms ; Mobile Phones ; Mobiltelefone ; Personality Traits ; Persönlichkeitsmerkmale ; Schlaf-Wach-Zyklus ; Sleep Wake Cycle ; Smartphone Use ; Smartphone-Nutzung ; Verhaltensdiagnostik
    Sprache Englisch
    Dokumenttyp Artikel
    ZDB-ID 1501719-9
    ISSN 1099-0984 ; 0890-2070
    ISSN (online) 1099-0984
    ISSN 0890-2070
    DOI 10.1002/per.2258
    Datenquelle PSYNDEX

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