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Article ; Online: Ianalumab in Sjögren's syndrome: what can we learn from lupus trials?

Dyball, Sarah / Parker, Ben / Bruce, Ian N

2022 Volume 400, Issue 10355, Page(s) 807–808

MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Sjogren's Syndrome/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; ianalumab (ZN2GQ3II96)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	3306-6
ISSN	1474-547X ; 0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
ISSN (online)	1474-547X
ISSN	0023-7507 ; 0140-6736
DOI	10.1016/S0140-6736(22)01536-7
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Article ; Online: Parasite infection but not chronic microplastic exposure reduces the feeding rate in a freshwater fish

Parker, Ben / Britton, J. Robert / Green, Iain D. / Amat-Trigo, Fátima / Andreou, Demetra

Environmental Pollution. 2023 Mar., v. 320 p.121120-

2023

Abstract: Microplastics (plastics <5 mm) are an environmental contaminant that can negatively impact the behaviour and physiology of aquatic biota. Although parasite infection can also alter the behaviour and physiology of their hosts, few studies have ... ...

Abstract	Microplastics (plastics <5 mm) are an environmental contaminant that can negatively impact the behaviour and physiology of aquatic biota. Although parasite infection can also alter the behaviour and physiology of their hosts, few studies have investigated how microplastic and parasite exposure interact to affect hosts. Accordingly, an interaction experiment tested how exposure to environmentally relevant microplastic concentrations and the trophically transmitted parasite Pomphorhynchus tereticollis affected the parasite load, condition metrics and feeding rate of the freshwater fish final host chub Squalius cephalus. Microplastic exposure was predicted to increase infection susceptibility, resulting in increased parasite loads, whereas parasite and microplastic exposure were expected to synergistically and negatively impact condition indices and feeding rates. Following chronic (≈170 day) dietary microplastic exposure, fish were exposed to a given number of gammarids (4/8/12/16/20), with half of the fish presented with parasite infected individuals, before a comparative functional response experiment tested differences in feeding rates on different live prey densities. Contrary to predictions, dietary microplastic exposure did not affect parasite abundance at different levels of parasite exposure, specific growth rate was the only condition index that was lower for exposed but unexposed fish, with no single or interactive effects of microplastic exposure detected. However, parasite infected fish had significantly lower feeding rates than unexposed fish in the functional response experiment, with exposed but unexposed fish also showing an intermediate decrease in feeding rates. Thus, the effects of parasitism on individuals were considerably stronger than microplastic exposure, with no evidence of interactive effects. Impacts of environmentally relevant microplastic levels might thus be relatively minor versus other stressors, with their interactive effects difficult to predict based on their single effects.
Keywords	Gammaridae ; Pomphorhynchus ; Squalius cephalus ; freshwater fish ; microplastics ; parasite load ; parasites ; parasitism ; pollution ; specific growth rate ; Functional response ; Host-parasite interactions ; Multiple stressors
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-03
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121120
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Article ; Online: Parasite infection but not chronic microplastic exposure reduces the feeding rate in a freshwater fish.

Parker, Ben / Britton, J Robert / Green, Iain D / Amat-Trigo, Fátima / Andreou, Demetra

Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)

2023 Volume 320, Page(s) 121120

Abstract	Microplastics (plastics <5 mm) are an environmental contaminant that can negatively impact the behaviour and physiology of aquatic biota. Although parasite infection can also alter the behaviour and physiology of their hosts, few studies have investigated how microplastic and parasite exposure interact to affect hosts. Accordingly, an interaction experiment tested how exposure to environmentally relevant microplastic concentrations and the trophically transmitted parasite Pomphorhynchus tereticollis affected the parasite load, condition metrics and feeding rate of the freshwater fish final host chub Squalius cephalus. Microplastic exposure was predicted to increase infection susceptibility, resulting in increased parasite loads, whereas parasite and microplastic exposure were expected to synergistically and negatively impact condition indices and feeding rates. Following chronic (≈170 day) dietary microplastic exposure, fish were exposed to a given number of gammarids (4/8/12/16/20), with half of the fish presented with parasite infected individuals, before a comparative functional response experiment tested differences in feeding rates on different live prey densities. Contrary to predictions, dietary microplastic exposure did not affect parasite abundance at different levels of parasite exposure, specific growth rate was the only condition index that was lower for exposed but unexposed fish, with no single or interactive effects of microplastic exposure detected. However, parasite infected fish had significantly lower feeding rates than unexposed fish in the functional response experiment, with exposed but unexposed fish also showing an intermediate decrease in feeding rates. Thus, the effects of parasitism on individuals were considerably stronger than microplastic exposure, with no evidence of interactive effects. Impacts of environmentally relevant microplastic levels might thus be relatively minor versus other stressors, with their interactive effects difficult to predict based on their single effects.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Microplastics ; Plastics/toxicity ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Parasites ; Cyprinidae ; Parasitic Diseases ; Fresh Water/parasitology ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring
Chemical Substances	Microplastics ; Plastics ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280652-6
ISSN	1873-6424 ; 0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
ISSN (online)	1873-6424
ISSN	0013-9327 ; 0269-7491
DOI	10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121120
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Article ; Online: An imperfect world: assessing safety of biological treatments in systemic lupus erythematosus. Comment on the article by Materne et al.

Rodziewicz, Mia / Dyball, Sarah / Achieng, Sheilla / Brix, Silke R / Parker, Ben / Bruce, Ian N

Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.)

2023 Volume 76, Issue 2, Page(s) 315–316

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy ; Biological Products/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Biological Products
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-30
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2756371-6
ISSN	2326-5205 ; 2326-5191
ISSN (online)	2326-5205
ISSN	2326-5191
DOI	10.1002/art.42689
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Article ; Online: Pausing drugs and spacing vaccines: an open question.

Rodziewicz, Mia / Dyball, Sarah / Bruce, Ian / Parker, Ben

The Lancet. Rheumatology

2021 Volume 3, Issue 10, Page(s) e683

Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-22
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2665-9913
ISSN (online)	2665-9913
DOI	10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00274-5
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Article ; Online: The Relationship between Systemic Racism, Residential Segregation, and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in COVID-19 Deaths in the United States.

Franz, Berkeley / Parker, Ben / Milner, Adrienne / Braddock, Jomills H

Ethnicity & disease

2022 Volume 32, Issue 1, Page(s) 31–38

Abstract: Introduction: Although Black Americans are not substantially more likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19, hospitalization rates and death rates are considerably higher than for White Americans. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Although Black Americans are not substantially more likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19, hospitalization rates and death rates are considerably higher than for White Americans. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between systemic racism generally, and residential segregation in particular, and racial/ethnic disparities in deaths due to COVID-19. Methods: To assess racial disparities in COVID-19 and systemic racism in US states, we calculated descriptive statistics and bivariate Pearson correlations. Using data on deaths through December 2020, we developed a weighted logistic mixed model to assess whether state-level systemic racism generally and residential segregation, in particular, predicted the probability of COVID-19 deaths among Americans, considering key sociodemographic factors. Results: Residential segregation is a stronger predictor of COVID-19 deaths among Black Americans, as compared to systemic racism more generally. Looking at the interaction between residential segregation and COVID-19 death rates by race, residential segregation is associated with negative outcomes for Black and White Americans, but disproportionately impacts Black state residents (P<.001), who have 2.14 times higher odds of dying from COVID-19 when residential segregation is increased. Conclusion: To understand and address disparities in infectious disease, researchers and public health practitioners should acknowledge how different forms of systemic racism shape health outcomes in the United States. More attention should be given to the mechanisms by which infectious disease pandemics exacerbate health disparities in areas of high residential segregation and should inform more targeted health policies. Such policy changes stand to make all American communities more resilient in the face of new and emerging infectious diseases.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Humans ; Residence Characteristics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Social Segregation ; Systemic Racism ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1274267-3
ISSN	1945-0826 ; 1049-510X
ISSN (online)	1945-0826
ISSN	1049-510X
DOI	10.18865/ed.32.1.31
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Article: Microplastic loads within riverine fishes and macroinvertebrates are not predictable from ecological or morphological characteristics

Parker, Ben / Andreou, Demetra / Pabortsava, Katsiaryna / Barrow, Magdalena / Green, Iain D. / Britton, J. Robert

Science of the total environment. 2022 May 25,

2022

Abstract: Microplastics are a relatively new but important form of freshwater contamination that can be ingested by a range of different species, with particle counts thought to be predictable from species ecology and morphology. Here, we report levels of ... ...

Abstract	Microplastics are a relatively new but important form of freshwater contamination that can be ingested by a range of different species, with particle counts thought to be predictable from species ecology and morphology. Here, we report levels of microplastics in a 26 μm-5 mm size range within the macroinvertebrate and fish community of a lowland river (Dorset Stour, SW England), and test the hypothesis that counts are predictable from characteristics such as feeding guild, body length and trophic position. Macroinvertebrates (n = 257, 12 taxa) and fish (n = 418, 9 species) were collected from distinct river reaches by kick sampling and rod and line angling, respectively. Batches of whole macroinvertebrates and individual fish gastrointestinal tracts were digested with 30% hydrogen peroxide before microplastic screening and FTIR polymer confirmation on a particle subset. Particles were found in 40% of pooled macroinvertebrate batches (taxa incidences: 14–75%) and 39% of fishes (species incidences: 29–47%). Dominant particle feature categories were ≤100 μm, blue/green, fragments and fibres identified as various polyolefins. Although particle counts in macroinvertebrates were highest in Ephemeroptera (mean of 0.74 particles per individual), the relationships between particle loads, batch number and guild were all non-significant. In fishes, particle counts were not significantly related to species, stomach structure, feeding guild or body length, with spatial differences also not apparent across the catchment. Individual fish particle counts were similarly not significantly associated with their trophic positions (calculated from bulk δ¹⁵N values for a subset of fishes) and parasite load of Pomphorhynchus tereticollis. Correlations between fish and macroinvertebrate particle counts within specific river reaches were also not significant. In entirety, these results indicated although loadings of microplastic particles were relatively consistent within the two communities, they were not predictable from any of their ecological or morphological characteristics.
Keywords	Ephemeroptera ; Pomphorhynchus ; body length ; environment ; fish ; fish communities ; freshwater ; hydrogen peroxide ; macroinvertebrates ; microplastics ; parasite load ; riparian areas ; rivers ; stomach ; watersheds ; England
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0525
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156321
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Article ; Online: Predicting progression from undifferentiated connective tissue disease to definite connective tissue disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Dyball, Sarah / Rodziewicz, Mia / Mendoza-Pinto, Claudia / Bruce, Ian N / Parker, Ben

Autoimmunity reviews

2022 Volume 21, Issue 11, Page(s) 103184

Abstract: Purpose: Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) encapsulates a broad range of conditions including incomplete forms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc), some of whom progress to a formal clinical diagnosis over ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD) encapsulates a broad range of conditions including incomplete forms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc), some of whom progress to a formal clinical diagnosis over time. This systematic review (SR) and meta-analysis aimed to identify clinical and laboratory features and biomarkers that can predict progression of UCTD. Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out on MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Randomized Controlled Trials. Abstracts and full-text manuscripts were screened by two reviewers. Publications were included if they included at least 20 UCTD patients, a minimum of six months of follow up, and provided data on at least one risk factor for developing a defined CTD. The QUIPS tool was used to assess risk of bias (RoB) and GRADE for grading the quality of the evidence. The study is registered with PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021237725). Results: Fifty-nine studies were included in the SR, and forty-one in the meta-analysis. The predictors for progression to SLE with the highest certainty of evidence included those with younger age (MD -5.96 [-11.05-0.87 years]), serositis (RR 2.69 [1.61-4.51]), or the presence of anti-dsDNA antibodies (RR 4.27 [1.92-9.51]). For SSc, the highest certainty of evidence included puffy fingers (RR [3.09 [1.48-6.43]), abnormal nailfold changes (NFC) (avascular areas [RR 5.71 (3.03-10.8)] or active or late SSc pattern [RR 2.24 (1.25-4.01)] and anti-topoisomerase-I (RR 1.83 [1.45-2.30]). No novel biomarkers were included in the meta-analysis; however HLA molecules, regulatory T cell shift, pro-inflammatory cytokines and complement activation products were identified as potential predictors for evolution of disease. Conclusions: Clinical and immunological parameters may predict which patients with UCTD progress to definitive disease; however, the heterogeneous nature and RoB in most studies limits the ability to apply these results in routine clinical practice. Limited data suggest that some novel biomarkers may provide additional predictive value but these will need larger well designed studies to fully delineate their clinical utility.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Diseases ; Connective Tissue Diseases/diagnosis ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/diagnosis ; Scleroderma, Systemic ; Biomarkers ; Disease Progression
Chemical Substances	anti-dsDNA autoantibody ; Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-27
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2144145-5
ISSN	1873-0183 ; 1568-9972
ISSN (online)	1873-0183
ISSN	1568-9972
DOI	10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103184
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Article ; Online: Microplastic loads within riverine fishes and macroinvertebrates are not predictable from ecological or morphological characteristics.

Parker, Ben / Andreou, Demetra / Pabortsava, Katsiaryna / Barrow, Magdalena / Green, Iain D / Britton, J Robert

The Science of the total environment

2022 Volume 839, Page(s) 156321

Abstract	Microplastics are a relatively new but important form of freshwater contamination that can be ingested by a range of different species, with particle counts thought to be predictable from species ecology and morphology. Here, we report levels of microplastics in a 26 μm-5 mm size range within the macroinvertebrate and fish community of a lowland river (Dorset Stour, SW England), and test the hypothesis that counts are predictable from characteristics such as feeding guild, body length and trophic position. Macroinvertebrates (n = 257, 12 taxa) and fish (n = 418, 9 species) were collected from distinct river reaches by kick sampling and rod and line angling, respectively. Batches of whole macroinvertebrates and individual fish gastrointestinal tracts were digested with 30% hydrogen peroxide before microplastic screening and FTIR polymer confirmation on a particle subset. Particles were found in 40% of pooled macroinvertebrate batches (taxa incidences: 14-75%) and 39% of fishes (species incidences: 29-47%). Dominant particle feature categories were ≤100 μm, blue/green, fragments and fibres identified as various polyolefins. Although particle counts in macroinvertebrates were highest in Ephemeroptera (mean of 0.74 particles per individual), the relationships between particle loads, batch number and guild were all non-significant. In fishes, particle counts were not significantly related to species, stomach structure, feeding guild or body length, with spatial differences also not apparent across the catchment. Individual fish particle counts were similarly not significantly associated with their trophic positions (calculated from bulk δ
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Environmental Monitoring ; Fishes ; Microplastics ; Plastics ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
Chemical Substances	Microplastics ; Plastics ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156321
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Article ; Online: Low microplastic loads in riverine European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from southwest England during their marine-freshwater transition.

Parker, Ben / Andreou, Demetra / Green, Iain D / Pabortsava, Katsiaryna / Boardman, Rose M / Pinder, Adrian C / Wright, Rosalind M / Britton, Robert

Journal of fish biology

2023 Volume 103, Issue 1, Page(s) 194–198

Abstract: The microplastic loads in elvers of the critically endangered European eel Anguilla anguilla, sampled in the lower reaches of three English rivers, were very low (incidence: 3.3%, mean ± s.d.: 0.03 ± 0.18 particles) and did not vary with body length or ... ...

Abstract	The microplastic loads in elvers of the critically endangered European eel Anguilla anguilla, sampled in the lower reaches of three English rivers, were very low (incidence: 3.3%, mean ± s.d.: 0.03 ± 0.18 particles) and did not vary with body length or between rivers. Particles were mostly black, polyolefins, fibres and fragments of size 101-200 μm. Current levels indicate a low contamination pressure locally and, consequently, management efforts might prioritise mitigating the effects of other stressors affecting the species.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anguilla ; Microplastics ; Plastics ; Fresh Water ; England
Chemical Substances	Microplastics ; Plastics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	410564-3
ISSN	1095-8649 ; 0022-1112
ISSN (online)	1095-8649
ISSN	0022-1112
DOI	10.1111/jfb.15426
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