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Article ; Online: Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Pentosan Polysulfate Toxicity Using Adaptive Optics Scanning Light Ophthalmoscopy.

Bowles Johnson, Kristen E / Tang, Janet A H / Kunala, Karteek / Huynh, Khang T / Parkins, Keith / Yang, Qiang / Hunter, Jennifer J

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science

2024 Volume 65, Issue 4, Page(s) 27

Abstract: Purpose: Fluorescence lifetime ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) is an emerging clinical modality that could provide biomarkers of retinal health beyond fluorescence intensity. Adaptive optics (AO) ophthalmoscopy provides the confocality to measure fluorescence ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Fluorescence lifetime ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) is an emerging clinical modality that could provide biomarkers of retinal health beyond fluorescence intensity. Adaptive optics (AO) ophthalmoscopy provides the confocality to measure fluorescence lifetime (FL) primarily from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) whereas clinical FLIO has greater influence from fluorophores in the inner retina and lens. Adaptive optics fluorescence lifetime ophthalmoscopy (AOFLIO) measures of FL in vivo could provide insight into RPE health at different stages of disease. In this study, we assess changes in pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) toxicity, a recently described toxicity that has clinical findings similar to advanced age-related macular degeneration. Methods: AOFLIO was performed on three subjects with PPS toxicity (57-67 years old) and six age-matched controls (50-64 years old). FL was analyzed with a double exponential decay curve fit and with phasor analysis. Regions of interest (ROIs) were subcategorized based on retinal features on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and compared to age-matched controls. Results: Twelve ROIs from PPS toxicity subjects met the threshold for analysis by curve fitting and 15 ROIs met the threshold for phasor analysis. Subjects with PPS toxicity had prolonged FL compared to age-matched controls. ROIs of RPE degeneration had the longest FLs, with individual pixels extending longer than 900 ps. Conclusions: Our study shows evidence that AOFLIO can provide meaningful information in outer retinal disease beyond what is obtainable from fluorescence intensity alone. More studies are needed to determine the prognostic value of AOFLIO.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium ; Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester ; Retina ; Ophthalmoscopy/methods ; Retinal Degeneration ; Tomography, Optical Coherence/methods ; Fluorescein Angiography/methods
Chemical Substances	Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester (37300-21-3)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	391794-0
ISSN	1552-5783 ; 0146-0404
ISSN (online)	1552-5783
ISSN	0146-0404
DOI	10.1167/iovs.65.4.27
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Article ; Online: Cone-Opponent Ganglion Cells in the Primate Fovea Tuned to Noncardinal Color Directions.

Godat, Tyler / Kohout, Kendall / Parkins, Keith / Yang, Qiang / McGregor, Juliette E / Merigan, William H / Williams, David R / Patterson, Sara S

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience

2024 Volume 44, Issue 18

Abstract: A long-standing question in vision science is how the three cone photoreceptor types-long (L), medium (M), and short (S) wavelength sensitive-combine to generate our perception of color. Hue perception can be described along two opponent axes: red-green ... ...

Abstract	A long-standing question in vision science is how the three cone photoreceptor types-long (L), medium (M), and short (S) wavelength sensitive-combine to generate our perception of color. Hue perception can be described along two opponent axes: red-green and blue-yellow. Psychophysical measurements of color appearance indicate that the cone inputs to the red-green and blue-yellow opponent axes are M vs. L + S and L vs. M + S, respectively. However, the "cardinal directions of color space" revealed by psychophysical measurements of color detection thresholds following adaptation are L vs. M and S vs. L + M. These cardinal directions match the most common cone-opponent retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the primate retina. Accordingly, the cone opponency necessary for color appearance is thought to be established in the cortex. While neurons with the appropriate M vs. L + S and L vs. M + S opponency have been reported in the retina and lateral geniculate nucleus, their existence continues to be debated. Resolving this long-standing debate is necessary because a complete account of the cone opponency in the retinal output is critical for understanding how downstream neural circuits process color. Here, we performed adaptive optics calcium imaging to noninvasively measure foveal RGC light responses in the living
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/physiology ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Fovea Centralis/physiology ; Color Perception/physiology ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Male ; Female ; Macaca fascicularis
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-05-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	604637-x
ISSN	1529-2401 ; 0270-6474
ISSN (online)	1529-2401
ISSN	0270-6474
DOI	10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1738-23.2024
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Article: Erratum: Adaptive optics fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy of

Tang, Janet A H / Granger, Charles E / Kunala, Karteek / Parkins, Keith / Huynh, Khang T / Bowles-Johnson, Kristen / Yang, Qiang / Hunter, Jennifer J

Biomedical optics express

2023 Volume 14, Issue 4, Page(s) 1544

Abstract: This corrects the article on p. 1737 in vol. 13, PMID: 35414970.]. ...

Abstract	[This corrects the article on p. 1737 in vol. 13, PMID: 35414970.].
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2572216-5
ISSN	2156-7085
ISSN	2156-7085
DOI	10.1364/BOE.485995
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Article: Cone-Opponent Ganglion Cells in the Primate Fovea Tuned to Non-Cardinal Color Directions.

Godat, Tyler / Kohout, Kendall / Yang, Qiang / Parkins, Keith / McGregor, Juliette E / Merigan, William H / Williams, David R / Patterson, Sara S

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract: A long-standing question in vision science is how the three cone photoreceptor types - long (L), medium (M) and short (S) wavelength sensitive - combine to generate our perception of color. Hue perception can be described along two opponent axes: red- ... ...

Abstract	A long-standing question in vision science is how the three cone photoreceptor types - long (L), medium (M) and short (S) wavelength sensitive - combine to generate our perception of color. Hue perception can be described along two opponent axes: red-green and blue-yellow. Psychophysical measurements of color appearance indicate that the cone inputs to the red-green and blue-yellow opponent axes are M vs. L+S and L vs. M+S, respectively. However, the "cardinal directions of color space" revealed by psychophysical measurements of color detection thresholds are L vs. M and S vs. L+M. The cardinal directions match the most common cone-opponent retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the primate retina. Accordingly, the cone opponency necessary for color appearance is thought to be established in cortex. However, small populations with the appropriate M vs. L+S and L vs. M+S cone-opponency have been reported in large surveys of cone inputs to primate RGCs and their projections to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) yet their existence continues to be debated. Resolving this long-standing open question is needed as a complete account of the cone-opponency in the retinal output is critical for efforts to understand how downstream neural circuits process color. Here, we performed adaptive optics calcium imaging to longitudinally and noninvasively measurements of the foveal RGC light responses in the living macaque eye. We confirm the presence of L vs. M+S and M vs. L+S neurons with non-cardinal cone-opponency and demonstrate that cone-opponent signals in the retinal output are substantially more diverse than classically thought.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.09.15.557995
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Article: Edge effects in fire-prone landscapes: Ecological importance and implications for fauna.

Parkins, Kate / York, Alan / Di Stefano, Julian

Ecology and evolution

2018 Volume 8, Issue 11, Page(s) 5937–5948

Abstract: Edges are ecologically important environmental features and have been well researched in agricultural and urban landscapes. However, little work has been conducted in flammable ecosystems where spatially and temporally dynamic fire edges are expected to ... ...

Abstract	Edges are ecologically important environmental features and have been well researched in agricultural and urban landscapes. However, little work has been conducted in flammable ecosystems where spatially and temporally dynamic fire edges are expected to influence important processes such as recolonization of burnt areas and landscape connectivity. We review the literature on fire, fauna, and edge effects to summarize current knowledge of faunal responses to fire edges and identify knowledge gaps. We then develop a conceptual model to predict faunal responses to fire edges and present an agenda for future research. Faunal abundance at fire edges changes over time, but patterns depend on species traits and resource availability. Responses are also influenced by edge architecture (e.g., size and shape), site and landscape context, and spatial scale. However, data are limited and the influence of fire edges on both local abundance and regional distributions of fauna is largely unknown. In our conceptual model, biophysical properties interact with the fire regime (e.g., patchiness, frequency) to influence edge architecture. Edge architecture and species traits influence edge permeability, which is linked to important processes such as movement, resource selection, and species interactions. Predicting the effect of fire edges on fauna is challenging, but important for biodiversity conservation in flammable landscapes. Our conceptual model combines several drivers of faunal fire responses (biophysical properties, regime attributes, species traits) and will therefore lead to improved predictions. Future research is needed to understand fire as an agent of edge creation; the spatio-temporal flux of fire edges across landscapes; and the effect of fire edges on faunal movement, resource selection, and biotic interactions. To aid the incorporation of new data into our predictive framework, our model has been designed as a Bayesian Network, a statistical tool capable of analyzing complex environmental relationships, dealing with data gaps, and generating testable hypotheses.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2635675-2
ISSN	2045-7758
ISSN	2045-7758
DOI	10.1002/ece3.4076
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Article: Adaptive optics fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy of

Tang, Janet A H / Granger, Charles E / Kunala, Karteek / Parkins, Keith / Huynh, Khang T / Bowles-Johnson, Kristen / Yang, Qiang / Hunter, Jennifer J

Biomedical optics express

2022 Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 1737–1754

Abstract: The intrinsic fluorescence properties of lipofuscin - naturally occurring granules that accumulate in the retinal pigment epithelium - are a potential biomarker for the health of the eye. A new modality is described here which combines adaptive optics ... ...

Abstract	The intrinsic fluorescence properties of lipofuscin - naturally occurring granules that accumulate in the retinal pigment epithelium - are a potential biomarker for the health of the eye. A new modality is described here which combines adaptive optics technology with fluorescence lifetime detection, allowing for the investigation of functional and compositional differences within the eye and between subjects. This new adaptive optics fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscope was demonstrated in 6 subjects. Repeated measurements between visits had a minimum intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.59 Although the light levels were well below maximum permissible exposures, the safety of the imaging paradigm was tested using clinical measures; no concerns were raised. This new technology allows for
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2572216-5
ISSN	2156-7085
ISSN	2156-7085
DOI	10.1364/BOE.451628
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Article ; Online: Radiological incidence of donor-site incisional hernia and parastomal hernia after vertical rectus abdominus myocutaneous flap-based reconstruction following colorectal surgery.

Tang, Alethea M / Spencer, Naomi / Parkins, Kristie / Bevan, Victoria / Taylor, Gregory / Markham, Derrian / Drew, Peter / Harries, Rhiannon L

Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland

2022 Volume 25, Issue 4, Page(s) 738–746

Abstract: Aim: A vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM) flap is commonly used to reconstruct perineal defects for low rectal and anal cancer. The incidence of midline incisional hernias after VRAM reconstruction varies from 3.6% when detected clinically to ...

Abstract	Aim: A vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM) flap is commonly used to reconstruct perineal defects for low rectal and anal cancer. The incidence of midline incisional hernias after VRAM reconstruction varies from 3.6% when detected clinically to 50% when detected radiologically. The aim of this study is to accurately determine the radiological incidence of donor-site incisional and parastomal hernia following VRAM reconstruction. Method: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing colorectal surgery requiring VRAM reconstruction over 10 years. Data were collected on patient demographics, indication for surgery and surgical procedure, including details of any hernia repair. Images from surveillance CTs were reviewed for the presence and size of midline incisional and/or parastomal hernias. Parastomal hernias were classified based on the European Hernia Society (EHS) classification. Results: One hundred and seventy three patients were included in the analysis. The median age was 67 years (range 29-88 years) and the median length of follow-up was 49 months (interquartile range 24.3-71.0 months). The cumulative incidence of donor-site incisional hernia after VRAM at 1, 2 and 5 years was 15.1%, 25.4% and 29.1%, respectively. The cumulative incidence for PSH at 1, 2 and 5 years was 33.1%, 46.6% and 53.3%, respectively (95% CI 45.4%-60.5%). Conclusion: Most patients who develop donor-site incisional hernia and parastomal herniation following VRAM tend to do so within the first 2 years. Although the use of CT imaging improves the diagnosis of donor-site incisional and parastomal hernias, the clinical significance of this is unknown.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Child ; Incisional Hernia/diagnostic imaging ; Incisional Hernia/epidemiology ; Incisional Hernia/etiology ; Myocutaneous Flap/transplantation ; Rectus Abdominis/diagnostic imaging ; Rectus Abdominis/transplantation ; Incidence ; Colorectal Surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Hernia
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1440017-0
ISSN	1463-1318 ; 1462-8910
ISSN (online)	1463-1318
ISSN	1462-8910
DOI	10.1111/codi.16400
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Zs.A 5799: Show issues

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Article: Habitat use at fire edges: Does animal activity follow temporal patterns of habitat change?

Parkins, Kate / Scott, Amy / Di Stefano, Julian / Swan, Matthew / Sitters, Holly / York, Alan

Forest ecology and management. 2019 May 07,

2019

Abstract: Edges are ecologically important environmental features that have been well researched in agricultural and urban landscapes. However, little work has been conducted in flammable ecosystems where spatially and temporally dynamic fire edges are expected to ...

Abstract	Edges are ecologically important environmental features that have been well researched in agricultural and urban landscapes. However, little work has been conducted in flammable ecosystems where spatially and temporally dynamic fire edges are expected to influence animal activity patterns, particularly for animals reliant on vegetation for cover, foraging or nesting. We quantified the response of ground-dwelling mammals to fire edges and sought to determine whether animal activity mirrored temporal changes in regenerating understorey vegetation. We used a space-for-time substitution sampling design and selected a series of 26 treatment sites burnt by prescribed fire, where time since fire ranged from 0-7 years. Ten long-unburnt sites acted as controls. At each treatment site we identified a burnt/unburnt edge and used camera traps and Elliott traps to survey ground-dwelling mammals on either side. Habitat structure was measured at all 36 sites. We used general and generalised linear mixed models to determine the response of both habitat and animals to time since fire on both burnt and unburnt sides of edges. In addition, we used a resource selection index to assess the congruence between changes in understorey complexity and animal activity identified in the first set of analyses. On the unburnt side of the edge understorey complexity remained constant over time. On the burnt side understorey complexity followed a hump-shaped trend, peaking at 3-years post-fire where it exceeded the level of complexity on the unburnt edge. Larger animals with general resource requirements were more active at burnt compared to unburnt edges immediately after fire, but similarly active on both sides of fire edges from three years post-fire. Despite some activity on the burnt side of edges immediately after fire, small mammals were generally less active on burnt edges compared to unburnt edges for up to three years. Native species’ activity did not follow patterns of temporal change in structurally complex understorey vegetation. For all species, selection was strongest at recently burnt edges with little vegetation and substantially lower at 3-7 year old regenerating edges where understorey complexity was higher. In general, patterns of selection on the unburnt side of edges were similar over time. Our findings suggest that vegetation change on the burnt side of fire edges may not be a good predictor of native mammal use. Foxes and cats, exotic predators in our system, were also using the burnt edge more than expected immediately after fire. Immediate post-fire predation may be higher at fire edges than elsewhere, and recently burnt edge zones could be suitable locations for integrated predator and fire management.
Keywords	cameras ; cats ; ecosystems ; foraging ; foxes ; habitat preferences ; habitats ; indigenous species ; landscapes ; nesting ; predation ; predators ; prescribed burning ; selection index ; small mammals ; surveys ; temporal variation ; traps ; understory ; urban areas ; vegetation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0507
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	751138-3
ISSN	0378-1127
ISSN	0378-1127
DOI	10.1016/j.foreco.2019.05.013
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Z 6026: Show issues

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Article: Faulty tracheal tube connector.

Guruswamy, V / Parkins, K

Anaesthesia

2006 Volume 61, Issue 9, Page(s) 915–916

MeSH term(s)	Bradycardia/etiology ; Equipment Failure ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation ; Postoperative Care ; Respiration, Artificial
Language	English
Publishing date	2006-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Letter
ZDB-ID	80033-8
ISSN	1365-2044 ; 0003-2409
ISSN (online)	1365-2044
ISSN	0003-2409
DOI	10.1111/j.1365-2044.2006.04774.x
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Zs.A 388: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Catastrophic haemorrhage from button battery ingestion in children: a growing problem.

Wright, Katie / Parkins, Kate / Jahn, Haiko / Rowlands, Rachel / Davies, Ffion

Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)

2017 Volume 106, Issue 9, Page(s) 1391–1393

MeSH term(s)	Child, Preschool ; Deglutition Disorders/etiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Electric Power Supplies ; Esophagus/diagnostic imaging ; Esophagus/injuries ; Foreign Bodies/complications ; Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging ; Foreign Bodies/epidemiology ; Hematemesis/etiology ; Hematemesis/therapy ; Hemorrhage/etiology ; Humans ; Peptides ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Radiography ; Tracheoesophageal Fistula/etiology
Chemical Substances	Peptides ; hematide ; Polyethylene Glycols (3WJQ0SDW1A)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-09
Publishing country	Norway
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	203487-6
ISSN	1651-2227 ; 0365-1436 ; 0803-5253
ISSN (online)	1651-2227
ISSN	0365-1436 ; 0803-5253
DOI	10.1111/apa.13934
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