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  1. Article ; Online: Harnessing mitochondrial metabolism and drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer and beyond by blocking heat-shock proteins.

    Parma, Beatrice / Wurdak, Heiko / Ceppi, Paolo

    Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy

    2022  Volume 65, Page(s) 100888

    Abstract: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the predominant histological subtype. Despite the emergence of targeted and immune-based therapies that have considerably improved the ... ...

    Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the predominant histological subtype. Despite the emergence of targeted and immune-based therapies that have considerably improved the clinical outcomes of selected patients, the overall NSCLC survival rate remains poor. NSCLC patients experience clinical relapse mainly because of chemoresistance. One promising therapeutic approach is targeting specific molecular vulnerabilities that are associated with the metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells. This strategy relies on evidence that cancer cells rewire their metabolism to sustain their uncontrolled growth as well as invasive and metastatic properties, promoting adaptive resistance to chemo-radiotherapy. A critical component of this malignant transformation is the increased dependency on high levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which support the elevated protein folding demand and quality control of misfolded oncoproteins. Here, we provide an overview of the literature on metabolism reprogramming, deregulation of mitochondrion and on the role of HSPs in promoting malignancy in lung and other cancer types. A particular focus is dedicated to the role of mitochondrial HSP60 (HSPD1) in NSCLC metabolism and drug resistance for the potential development of new resistance-defying anti-HSP drugs.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics ; Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics ; Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins/therapeutic use ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; Mitochondria ; Drug Resistance
    Chemical Substances Heat-Shock Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-28
    Publishing country Scotland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1474513-6
    ISSN 1532-2084 ; 1368-7646
    ISSN (online) 1532-2084
    ISSN 1368-7646
    DOI 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100888
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Book ; Online ; Thesis: Identification of the mitochondrial HSPD1 as metabolic vulnerability in non-small cell lung cancer

    Parma, Beatrice [Verfasser] / Slany, Robert [Akademischer Betreuer] / Mielenz, Dirk [Gutachter]

    2023  

    Author's details Beatrice Parma ; Gutachter: Dirk Mielenz ; Betreuer: Robert Slany
    Keywords Medizin, Gesundheit ; Medicine, Health
    Subject code sg610
    Language English
    Publisher Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU)
    Publishing place Erlangen
    Document type Book ; Online ; Thesis
    Database Digital theses on the web

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  3. Article ; Online: Rewiring innate and adaptive immunity with TLR9 agonist to treat osteosarcoma.

    Cascini, Caterina / Ratti, Chiara / Botti, Laura / Parma, Beatrice / Cancila, Valeria / Salvaggio, Adriana / Meazza, Cristina / Tripodo, Claudio / Colombo, Mario P / Chiodoni, Claudia

    Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR

    2023  Volume 42, Issue 1, Page(s) 154

    Abstract: Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescent. Surgery and multidrug chemotherapy are the standard of treatment achieving 60-70% of event-free survival for localized disease at diagnosis. However, for ... ...

    Abstract Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescent. Surgery and multidrug chemotherapy are the standard of treatment achieving 60-70% of event-free survival for localized disease at diagnosis. However, for metastatic disease, the prognosis is dismal. Exploiting immune system activation in the setting of such unfavorable mesenchymal tumors represents a new therapeutic challenge.
    Methods: In immune competent OS mouse models bearing two contralateral lesions, we tested the efficacy of intralesional administration of a TLR9 agonist against the treated and not treated contralateral lesion evaluating abscopal effect. Multiparametric flow cytometry was used to evaluate changes of the tumor immune microenviroment. Experiments in immune-deficient mice allowed the investigation of the role of adaptive T cells in TLR9 agonist effects, while T cell receptor sequencing was used to assess the expansion of specific T cell clones.
    Results: TLR9 agonist strongly impaired the growth of locally-treated tumors and its therapeutic effect also extended to the contralateral, untreated lesion. Multiparametric flow cytometry showed conspicuous changes in the immune landscape of the OS immune microenvironment upon TLR9 engagement, involving a reduction in M2-like macrophages, paralleled by increased infiltration of dendritic cells and activated CD8 T cells in both lesions. Remarkably, CD8 T cells were needed for the induction of the abscopal effect, whereas they were not strictly necessary for halting the growth of the treated lesion. T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of tumor infiltrating CD8 T cells showed the expansion of specific TCR clones in the treated tumors and, remarkably, their selected representation in the contralateral untreated lesions, providing the first evidence of the rewiring of tumor-associated T cell clonal architectures.
    Conclusions: Overall these data indicate that the TLR9 agonist acts as an in situ anti-tumor vaccine, activating an innate immune response sufficient to suppress local tumor growth while inducing a systemic adaptive immunity with selective expansion of CD8 T cell clones, which are needed for the abscopal effect.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Toll-Like Receptor 9/agonists ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Adaptive Immunity ; Osteosarcoma/drug therapy ; Bone Neoplasms ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Chemical Substances Toll-Like Receptor 9
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 803138-1
    ISSN 1756-9966 ; 0392-9078
    ISSN (online) 1756-9966
    ISSN 0392-9078
    DOI 10.1186/s13046-023-02731-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: 3D hydrogel-based microcapsules as an in vitro model to study tumorigenicity, cell migration and drug resistance.

    Ertekin, Özlem / Monavari, Mahshid / Krüger, René / Fuentes-Chandía, Miguel / Parma, Beatrice / Letort, Gaelle / Tripal, Philipp / Boccaccini, Aldo R / Bosserhoff, Anja K / Ceppi, Paolo / Kappelmann-Fenzl, Melanie / Leal-Egaña, Aldo

    Acta biomaterialia

    2022  Volume 142, Page(s) 208–220

    Abstract: In this work, we analyzed the reliability of alginate-gelatin microcapsules as artificial tumor model. These tumor-like scaffolds are characterized by their composition and stiffness (∼25 kPa), and their capability to restrict -but not hinder- cell ... ...

    Abstract In this work, we analyzed the reliability of alginate-gelatin microcapsules as artificial tumor model. These tumor-like scaffolds are characterized by their composition and stiffness (∼25 kPa), and their capability to restrict -but not hinder- cell migration, proliferation and release from confinement. Hydrogel-based microcapsules were initially utilized to detect differences in mechano-sensitivity between MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and the endothelial cell line EA.hy926. Additionally, we used RNA-seq and transcriptomic methods to determine how the culture strategy (i.e. 2D v/s 3D) may pre-set the expression of genes involved in multidrug resistance, being then validated by performing cytotoxicological tests and assays of cell morphology. Our results show that both breast cancer cells can generate elongated multicellular spheroids inside the microcapsules, prior being released (mimicking intravasation stages), a behavior which was not observed in endothelial cells. Further, we demonstrate that cells isolated from 3D scaffolds show resistance to cisplatin, a process which seems to be strongly influenced by mechanical stress, instead of hypoxia. We finally discuss the role played by aneuploidy in malignancy and resistance to anticancer drugs, based on the increased number of polynucleated cells found within these microcapsules. Overall, our outcomes demonstrate that alginate-gelatin microcapsules represent a simple, yet very accurate tumor-like model, enabling us to mimic the most relevant malignant hints described in vivo, suggesting that confinement and mechanical stress need to be considered when studying pathogenicity and drug resistance of cancer cells in vitro. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: In this work, we analyzed the reliability of alginate-gelatin microcapsules as an artificial tumor model. These scaffolds are characterized by their composition, elastic properties, and their ability to restrict cell migration, proliferation, and release from confinement. Our results demonstrate four novel outcomes: (i) studying cell migration and proliferation in 3D enabled discrimination between malignant and non-pathogenic cells, (ii) studying the cell morphology of cancer aggregates entrapped in alginate-gelatin microcapsules enabled determination of malignancy degree in vitro, (iii) determination that confinement and mechanical stress, instead of hypoxia, are required to generate clones resistant to anticancer drugs (i.e. cisplatin), and (iv) evidence that resistance to anticancer drugs could be due to the presence of polynucleated cells localized inside polymer-based artificial tumors.
    MeSH term(s) Alginates/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Breast Neoplasms ; Capsules ; Cell Movement ; Cisplatin/pharmacology ; Drug Resistance ; Endothelial Cells ; Female ; Gelatin/pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydrogels/pharmacology ; Hypoxia ; Reproducibility of Results
    Chemical Substances Alginates ; Antineoplastic Agents ; Capsules ; Hydrogels ; Gelatin (9000-70-8) ; Cisplatin (Q20Q21Q62J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2173841-5
    ISSN 1878-7568 ; 1742-7061
    ISSN (online) 1878-7568
    ISSN 1742-7061
    DOI 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: The role of miR-200b/c in balancing EMT and proliferation revealed by an activity reporter.

    Gollavilli, Paradesi Naidu / Parma, Beatrice / Siddiqui, Aarif / Yang, Hai / Ramesh, Vignesh / Napoli, Francesca / Schwab, Annemarie / Natesan, Ramakrishnan / Mielenz, Dirk / Asangani, Irfan Ahmed / Brabletz, Thomas / Pilarsky, Christian / Ceppi, Paolo

    Oncogene

    2021  Volume 40, Issue 12, Page(s) 2309–2322

    Abstract: Since their discovery, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely studied in almost every aspect of biology and medicine, leading to the identification of important gene regulation circuits and cellular mechanisms. However, investigations are generally focused ... ...

    Abstract Since their discovery, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely studied in almost every aspect of biology and medicine, leading to the identification of important gene regulation circuits and cellular mechanisms. However, investigations are generally focused on the analysis of their downstream targets and biological functions in overexpression and knockdown approaches, while miRNAs endogenous levels and activity remain poorly understood. Here, we used the cellular plasticity-regulating process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as a model to show the efficacy of a fluorescent sensor to separate cells with distinct EMT signatures, based on miR-200b/c activity. The system was further combined with a CRISPR-Cas9 screening platform to unbiasedly identify miR-200b/c upstream regulating genes. The sensor allows to infer miRNAs fundamental biological properties, as profiling of sorted cells indicated miR-200b/c as a molecular switch between EMT differentiation and proliferation, and suggested a role for metabolic enzymes in miR-200/EMT regulation. Analysis of miRNAs endogenous levels and activity for in vitro and in vivo applications could lead to a better understanding of their biological role in physiology and disease.
    MeSH term(s) Cell Differentiation/genetics ; Cell Plasticity/genetics ; Cell Proliferation/genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics ; Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics ; HCT116 Cells ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics
    Chemical Substances MIRN200 microRNA, human ; MicroRNAs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 639046-8
    ISSN 1476-5594 ; 0950-9232
    ISSN (online) 1476-5594
    ISSN 0950-9232
    DOI 10.1038/s41388-021-01708-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Thymidylate synthase drives the phenotypes of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer.

    Siddiqui, Mohammad Aarif / Gollavilli, Paradesi Naidu / Ramesh, Vignesh / Parma, Beatrice / Schwab, Annemarie / Vazakidou, Maria Eleni / Natesan, Ramakrishnan / Saatci, Ozge / Rapa, Ida / Bironzo, Paolo / Schuhwerk, Harald / Asangani, Irfan Ahmed / Sahin, Ozgur / Volante, Marco / Ceppi, Paolo

    British journal of cancer

    2020  Volume 124, Issue 1, Page(s) 281–289

    Abstract: Background: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enhances motility, stemness, chemoresistance and metastasis. Little is known about how various pathways coordinate to elicit EMT's different functional aspects in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ...

    Abstract Background: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) enhances motility, stemness, chemoresistance and metastasis. Little is known about how various pathways coordinate to elicit EMT's different functional aspects in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thymidylate synthase (TS) has been previously correlated with EMT transcription factor ZEB1 in NSCLC and imparts resistance against anti-folate chemotherapy. In this study, we establish a functional correlation between TS, EMT, chemotherapy and metastasis and propose a network for TS mediated EMT.
    Methods: Published datasets were analysed to evaluate the significance of TS in NSCLC fitness and prognosis. Promoter reporter assay was used to sort NSCLC cell lines in TS
    Results: TS levels were prognostic and predicted chemotherapy response. Cell lines with higher TS promoter activity were more mesenchymal-like. RNA-seq identified EMT as one of the most differentially regulated pathways in connection to TS expression. EMT transcription factors HOXC6 and HMGA2 were identified as upstream regulator of TS, and AXL, SPARC and FOSL1 as downstream effectors. TS knock-down reduced the metastatic colonisation in vivo.
    Conclusion: These results establish TS as a theranostic NSCLC marker integrating survival, chemo-resistance and EMT, and identifies a regulatory network that could be targeted in EMT-driven NSCLC.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/enzymology ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/physiology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/enzymology ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology ; Mice ; Phenotype ; Thymidylate Synthase/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Thymidylate Synthase (EC 2.1.1.45)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80075-2
    ISSN 1532-1827 ; 0007-0920
    ISSN (online) 1532-1827
    ISSN 0007-0920
    DOI 10.1038/s41416-020-01095-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Metabolic impairment of non-small cell lung cancers by mitochondrial HSPD1 targeting.

    Parma, Beatrice / Ramesh, Vignesh / Gollavilli, Paradesi Naidu / Siddiqui, Aarif / Pinna, Luisa / Schwab, Annemarie / Marschall, Sabine / Zhang, Shuman / Pilarsky, Christian / Napoli, Francesca / Volante, Marco / Urbanczyk, Sophia / Mielenz, Dirk / Schrøder, Henrik Daa / Stemmler, Marc / Wurdak, Heiko / Ceppi, Paolo

    Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR

    2021  Volume 40, Issue 1, Page(s) 248

    Abstract: Background: The identification of novel targets is of paramount importance to develop more effective drugs and improve the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Since cells alter their ... ...

    Abstract Background: The identification of novel targets is of paramount importance to develop more effective drugs and improve the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Since cells alter their metabolic rewiring during tumorigenesis and along cancer progression, targeting key metabolic players and metabolism-associated proteins represents a valuable approach with a high therapeutic potential. Metabolic fitness relies on the functionality of heat shock proteins (HSPs), molecular chaperones that facilitate the correct folding of metabolism enzymes and their assembly in macromolecular structures.
    Methods: Gene fitness was determined by bioinformatics analysis from available datasets from genetic screenings. HSPD1 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from NSCLC patients. Real-time proliferation assays with and without cytotoxicity reagents, colony formation assays and cell cycle analyses were used to monitor growth and drug sensitivity of different NSCLC cells in vitro. In vivo growth was monitored with subcutaneous injections in immune-deficient mice. Cell metabolic activity was analyzed through extracellular metabolic flux analysis. Specific knockouts were introduced by CRISPR/Cas9.
    Results: We show heat shock protein family D member 1 (HSPD1 or HSP60) as a survival gene ubiquitously expressed in NSCLC and associated with poor patients' prognosis. HSPD1 knockdown or its chemical disruption by the small molecule KHS101 induces a drastic breakdown of oxidative phosphorylation, and suppresses cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. By combining drug profiling with transcriptomics and through a whole-genome CRISPR/Cas9 screen, we demonstrate that HSPD1-targeted anti-cancer effects are dependent on oxidative phosphorylation and validated molecular determinants of KHS101 sensitivity, in particular, the creatine-transporter SLC6A8 and the subunit of the cytochrome c oxidase complex COX5B.
    Conclusions: These results highlight mitochondrial metabolism as an attractive target and HSPD1 as a potential theranostic marker for developing therapies to combat NSCLC.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology ; Chaperonin 60/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; Lung Neoplasms/mortality ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology ; Mice ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism ; Survival Analysis
    Chemical Substances Chaperonin 60 ; HSPD1 protein, human ; Mitochondrial Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 803138-1
    ISSN 1756-9966 ; 0392-9078
    ISSN (online) 1756-9966
    ISSN 0392-9078
    DOI 10.1186/s13046-021-02049-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: 3D Spheroids Versus 3D Tumor-Like Microcapsules: Confinement and Mechanical Stress May Lead to the Expression of Malignant Responses in Cancer Cells.

    Fuentes-Chandía, Miguel / Vierling, Andreas / Kappelmann-Fenzl, Melanie / Monavari, Mahshid / Letort, Gaelle / Höne, Lucas / Parma, Beatrice / Antara, Sharmin Khan / Ertekin, Özlem / Palmisano, Ralph / Dong, Meng / Böpple, Kathrin / Boccaccini, Aldo R / Ceppi, Paolo / Bosserhoff, Anja K / Leal-Egaña, Aldo

    Advanced biology

    2021  Volume 5, Issue 7, Page(s) e2000349

    Abstract: As 2D surfaces fail to resemble the tumoral milieu, current discussions are focused on which 3D cell culture strategy may better lead the cells to express in vitro most of the malignant hints described in vivo. In this study, this question is assessed by ...

    Abstract As 2D surfaces fail to resemble the tumoral milieu, current discussions are focused on which 3D cell culture strategy may better lead the cells to express in vitro most of the malignant hints described in vivo. In this study, this question is assessed by analyzing the full genetic profile of MCF7 cells cultured either as 3D spheroids-considered as "gold standard" for in vitro cancer research- or immobilized in 3D tumor-like microcapsules, by RNA-Seq and transcriptomic methods, allowing to discriminate at big-data scale, which in vitro strategy can better resemble most of the malignant features described in neoplastic diseases. The results clearly show that mechanical stress, rather than 3D morphology only, stimulates most of the biological processes involved in cancer pathogenicity, such as cytoskeletal organization, migration, and stemness. Furthermore, cells entrapped in hydrogel-based scaffolds are likely expressing other physiological hints described in malignancy, such as the upregulated expression of metalloproteinases or the resistance to anticancer drugs, among others. According to the knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to answer which 3D experimental system can better mimic the neoplastic architecture in vitro, emphasizing the relevance of confinement in cancer pathogenicity, which can be easily achieved by using hydrogel-based matrices.
    MeSH term(s) Capsules ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Humans ; Hydrogels ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Spheroids, Cellular ; Stress, Mechanical
    Chemical Substances Capsules ; Hydrogels
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-07
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 2701-0198
    ISSN (online) 2701-0198
    DOI 10.1002/adbi.202000349
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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