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Article ; Online: Cigarette smoking in childhood and risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in adulthood

Xue Liu / Jiahong Sun / Min Zhao / Pascal Bovet / Bo Xi

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: BackgroundThis study was aimed to examine the association between cigarette smoking in childhood and mortality in adulthood, and the impact of non-smoking duration among smokers who subsequently quit smoking.MethodsWe used data from 472,887 adults aged ... ...

Abstract	BackgroundThis study was aimed to examine the association between cigarette smoking in childhood and mortality in adulthood, and the impact of non-smoking duration among smokers who subsequently quit smoking.MethodsWe used data from 472,887 adults aged 18–85 years examined once in the US National Health Interview Survey in 1997–2014, which was linked to mortality data from the National Death Index up to 31 December 2015. Cigarette smoking status in childhood (age 6 to 17 years) and adulthood (age 18 to 85 years) was self-reported using a standard questionnaire at the time of participation in the survey. The vital status of participants due all-causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and chronic lower respiratory diseases was obtained using mortality data from the National Death Index.ResultsDuring the mean follow-up of 8.75 years, compared with never smoking in childhood and adulthood, the risk of all-cause mortality among current adult smokers decreased slightly according to increasing age at smoking initiation: hazard ratios (HRs; 95% confidence intervals, CIs) were 2.54 (2.24–2.88) at age of 6–9 years, 2.44 (2.31–2.57) at age of 10–14 years, and 2.21 (2.12–2.31) at age of 15–17 years. Smoking cessation before the age of 30 years was not associated with increased risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality (all p > 0.05) compared to never smoking.ConclusionMortality risk was higher in individuals who started smoking at an earlier age in childhood. Inversely, smoking cessation before the age of 30 years was not associated with an increased risk of mortality compared to never smoking.
Keywords	childhood smoking ; mortality ; all-cause and cause-specific ; smoking initiation ; smoking cessation ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	310
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Weight status change from birth to childhood and the odds of high blood pressure among Chinese children

Cheng Li / Ziqi Liu / Min Zhao / Cheng Zhang / Pascal Bovet / Bo Xi

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: BackgroundIt is well documented that birth weight and childhood weight are associated with the blood pressure (BP) levels in childhood. However, the impact of weight status change from birth to childhood on BP among children is less well described. We ... ...

Abstract	BackgroundIt is well documented that birth weight and childhood weight are associated with the blood pressure (BP) levels in childhood. However, the impact of weight status change from birth to childhood on BP among children is less well described. We aimed to assess the association between changes in weight status from birth to childhood and high BP in childhood.Methods and resultsData were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Jinan, China, and a total of 5,546 children aged 6–17 years were included in this study. Based on the birth weight status [high weight (> 4,000 g) vs. normal weight (2,500–4,000 g)] and childhood weight status during the survey period [high weight (overweight and obesity) vs. normal weight], children were assigned into four groups: persistently normal weight (normal birth weight and normal childhood weight), resolved high weight (high birth weight but normal childhood weight), incident high weight (normal birth weight but high childhood weight), and persistently high weight (high birth weight and high childhood weight). After adjustment for sex and age, BP in childhood was more responsive to current body mass index (BMI) than birth weight. After adjustment for the potential covariates, compared with children who had persistently normal weight from birth to childhood, those with incident high weight (odds ratio [OR] = 3.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.29–4.57) and persistently high weight (OR = 3.52, 95% CI = 2.71–4.57) were associated with the increased odds of childhood high BP. However, children who had resolved high weight did not have significantly increased odds of high BP in childhood (OR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.59–1.25).ConclusionThe association of BP with recent BMI was stronger than with birth weight. Children who had incident or persistently high weight from birth to childhood had increased odds of high BP in childhood, whereas the odds was not significantly increased among those with high birth weight but changed to normal weight in childhood. Our findings ...
Keywords	birth weight ; childhood weight ; weight change ; children ; high blood pressure ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Hypertension Prevalence Based on Blood Pressure Measurements on Two vs. One Visits

Chloé Plumettaz / Bharathi Viswanathan / Pascal Bovet

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 17, Iss 9395, p

A Community-Based Screening Programme and a Narrative Review

2020 Volume 9395

Abstract: We assessed the difference in the prevalence of hypertension in community surveys when blood pressure (BP) was measured on two vs. one visits and its impact on hypertension awareness, treatment and control proportions. A community-based BP screening ... ...

Abstract	We assessed the difference in the prevalence of hypertension in community surveys when blood pressure (BP) was measured on two vs. one visits and its impact on hypertension awareness, treatment and control proportions. A community-based BP screening programme was conducted in public places in the Seychelles (619 adults) and BP was rechecked a few days later among untreated participants with high BP (≥140/90 mmHg). A narrative review of the literature on this question was also conducted. Only 64% of untreated participants with high BP still had high BP at the second visit. The prevalence of hypertension in the whole sample decreased by 13% (from 33.8% to 29.5%) when BP was measured on two vs. one visits. These results concurred with our findings in our narrative review based on 10 surveys. In conclusion, the prevalence of hypertension can be markedly overestimated in community surveys when BP is measured on two vs. one visits. The overestimation could be addressed by measuring BP on a second visit among untreated individuals with high BP or, possibly, by taking more readings at the first visit. These findings have relevance for clinical practice, policy and surveillance.
Keywords	blood pressure ; hypertension ; screening ; surveillance ; prevalence ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Maternal cigarette smoking before or during pregnancy increases the risk of birth congenital anomalies

Lili Yang / Huan Wang / Liu Yang / Min Zhao / Yajun Guo / Pascal Bovet / Bo Xi

BMC Medicine, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a population-based retrospective cohort study of 12 million mother-infant pairs

2022 Volume 17

Abstract: Abstract Background The associations of maternal cigarette smoking with congenital anomalies in offspring have been inconsistent. This study aimed to clarify the associations of the timing and intensity of maternal cigarette smoking with 12 subtypes of ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background The associations of maternal cigarette smoking with congenital anomalies in offspring have been inconsistent. This study aimed to clarify the associations of the timing and intensity of maternal cigarette smoking with 12 subtypes of birth congenital anomalies based on a nationwide large birth cohort in the USA. Methods We used nationwide birth certificate data from the US National Vital Statistics System during 2016–2019. Women reported the average daily number of cigarettes they consumed 3 months before pregnancy and in each subsequent trimester during pregnancy. Twelve subtypes of congenital anomalies were identified in medical records. Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate the risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for 12 subtypes of congenital anomalies associated with the timing (i.e., before pregnancy, and during three different trimesters of pregnancy) and intensity (i.e., number of cigarettes consumed per day) of maternal cigarette smoking. Results Among the 12,144,972 women included, 9.3% smoked before pregnancy and 7.0%, 6.0%, and 5.7% in the first, second, and third trimester, respectively. Maternal smoking before or during pregnancy significantly increased the risk of six subtypes of birth congenital anomalies (i.e., congenital diaphragmatic hernia, gastroschisis, limb reduction defect, cleft lip with or without cleft palate, cleft palate alone, and hypospadias), even as low as 1–5 cigarettes per day. The adjusted RRs (95% CIs) for overall birth congenital anomalies (defined as having any one of the congenital malformations above significantly associated with maternal cigarette smoking) among women who smoked 1–5, 6–10, and ≥ 11 cigarettes per day before pregnancy were 1.31 (1.22–1.41), 1.25 (1.17–1.33), and 1.35 (1.28–1.43), respectively. Corresponding values were 1.23 (1.14–1.33), 1.33 (1.24–1.42), 1.33 (1.23–1.43), respectively, for women who smoked cigarettes in the first trimester; 1.32 (1.21–1.44), 1.36 (1.26–1.47), and 1.38 (1.23–1.54), ...
Keywords	Cigarette smoking ; Congenital anomalies ; Pregnancy ; Offspring ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Socioeconomic status and risk factors for non-communicable diseases in low-income and lower-middle-income countries

Silvia Stringhini / Pascal Bovet

The Lancet Global Health, Vol 5, Iss 3, Pp e230-e

2017 Volume 231

Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Hypertension in children

Arnaud Chiolero / Pascal Bovet

The Lancet Public Health, Vol 2, Iss 8, Pp e346-e

from screening to primordial prevention

2017 Volume 347

Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior among Young Adolescents in 68 LMICs, and Their Relationships with National Economic Development

Chuanwei Ma / Yuanyuan Zhang / Min Zhao / Pascal Bovet / Bo Xi

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 17, Iss 7752, p

2020 Volume 7752

Abstract: It is unclear whether physical activity and sedentary behavior are associated with economic development in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to assess the association between these two behaviors and country economic development among ... ...

Abstract	It is unclear whether physical activity and sedentary behavior are associated with economic development in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to assess the association between these two behaviors and country economic development among young adolescents in LMICs. Data came from the Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS) conducted between 2009 and 2016 in 68 LMICs. A total of 180,298 adolescents aged 12–15 years were included; 15.3% of young adolescents achieved the recommended level for sufficient physical activity (≥60 min/day of physical activity of any kind per week according to WHO) and 64.6% achieved a low sedentary behavior (≤2 h of sitting activities/day according to some guidelines, not accounting for sitting time at school or for doing homework). However, only 9.1% of young adolescents met the recommended levels of both behaviors. Comparing the lowest to the highest quintiles of a country’s purchasing power parity per capita (PPP), mean values of both physical activity (boys: 2.55 to 2.96 days/week; girls: 2.10 to 2.31 days/week) and sedentary behavior(boys: 1.86 to 3.13 h/day; girls: 1.83 to 3.53 h/day) increased. The prevalence of having both recommended behaviors decreased among boys (12.0% to 10.0%) and girls (9.6% to 4.9%) ( p < 0.001). Although there might be an ecological fallacy, the findings emphasize the need for interventions to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior among children and young adolescents.
Keywords	physical activity ; sedentary behaviors ; adolescents ; low- and middle-income countries ; purchasing power parity ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Physical Fighting and Associated Factors among Adolescents Aged 13–15 Years in Six Western Pacific Countries

Lili Yang / Yuanyuan Zhang / Bo Xi / Pascal Bovet

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 14, Iss 11, p

2017 Volume 1427

Abstract: Youth violence is an important public health challenge around the world, yet the literature on this problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been limited. The present study aims to examine the prevalence of adolescent physical fighting ( ... ...

Abstract	Youth violence is an important public health challenge around the world, yet the literature on this problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been limited. The present study aims to examine the prevalence of adolescent physical fighting (defined as having been involved in at least one physical fight during the past 12 months) in selected LMICs, and its relations with potential risk factors. We included 6377 school-going adolescents aged 13–15 years from six Western Pacific (WP) countries that had recently conducted a Global School-based Student Health Survey. Information was gathered through a self-administered anonymous closed-ended questionnaire. The prevalence of adolescent physical fighting varied across countries, ranging from 34.5% in Kiribati to 63.3% in Samoa. The prevalence was higher in boys than in girls, and lower at age 15 than 13–14 years. Physical fighting was significantly associated (pooled odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs)) with smoking (1.78, 1.53–2.06), drinking (1.57, 1.33–1.85), drug use (1.72, 1.33–2.23), and missing school (1.72, 1.51–1.95). The association with physical fighting increased with increasing number of joint adverse behaviors (increased from 1.99 (1.73–2.29) for one risk behavior to 4.95 (4.03–6.07) for at least 3 risk behaviors, versus having none of the 4 risk behaviors). The high prevalence of physical fighting and the associations with risk behaviors emphasize the need for comprehensive prevention programs to reduce youth violence and associated risk behaviors.
Keywords	youth violence ; physical fighting ; smoking ; alcohol drinking ; adolescents ; Western Pacific ; low- and middle-income countries ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	796
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Cardiovascular Disease and the Changing Face of Global Public Health

Pascal Bovet / Fred Paccaud

Public Health Reviews, Vol 33, Iss 2, Pp 399-

A Focus on Low and Middle Income Countries

2011 Volume 417

Abstract: Eighty percent of the global 17 million deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) occur in low and middle income countries (LMICs). The burden of CVD and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is expected to markedly increase because of the global aging ... ...

Abstract	Eighty percent of the global 17 million deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) occur in low and middle income countries (LMICs). The burden of CVD and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) is expected to markedly increase because of the global aging of the population and increasing exposure to detrimental lifestyle-related risk in LMICs. Interventions to reduce four main risks related to modifiable behaviors (tobacco use, unhealthy diet, low physical activity and excess alcohol consumption) are key elements for effective primary prevention of the four main NCDs (CVD, cancer, diabetes and chronic pulmonary disease). These behaviors are best improved through structural interventions (e.g., clean air policy, taxes on cigarettes, new recipes for processed foods with reduced salt and fat, urban shaping to improve mobility, etc.). In addition, health systems in LMICs should be reoriented to deliver integrated cost-effective treatment to persons at high risk at the primary health care level. The full implementation of a small number of highly cost effective, affordable and scalable interventions (“best buys”) is likely to be the necessary and sufficient ingredient for curbing NCDs in LMICs. NCDs are both a cause and a consequence of poverty. It is therefore important to frame NCD prevention and control within the broader context of social determinants and development agenda. The recent emphasis on NCDs at a number of health and economic forums (including the September 2011 High Level Meeting on NCDs at the United Nations) provides a new opportunity to move the NCD agenda forward in LMICs.
Keywords	Cardiovascular disease ; noncommunicable disease ; global public health ; low and middle income countries ; health systems ; prevention ; policy ; intersectoral action ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Trends in mortality from external causes in the Republic of Seychelles between 1989 and 2018

Anne Abio / Pascal Bovet / Joachim Didon / Till Bärnighausen / Masood Ali Shaikh / Jussi P. Posti / Michael Lowery Wilson

Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2020 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract Data on injury-related mortality are scarce in the African region. Mortality from external causes in the Seychelles was assessed, where all deaths are medically certified and the population is regularly enumerated. The four fields for underlying ...

Abstract	Abstract Data on injury-related mortality are scarce in the African region. Mortality from external causes in the Seychelles was assessed, where all deaths are medically certified and the population is regularly enumerated. The four fields for underlying causes of death recorded were reviewed in the national vital statistics register. The age-standardised mortality rates were estimated (per 100,000 person-years) from external causes in 1989–1998, 1999–2008, and 2009–2018. Mortality rates per 100,000 person-years from external causes were 4–5 times higher among males than females, and decreased among males over the three 10-year periods (127.5, 101.4, 97.1) but not among females (26.9, 23.1, 26.9). The contribution of external causes to total mortality did not change markedly over time (males 11.6%, females 4.3% in 1989–2018). Apart from external deaths from undetermined causes (males 14.6, females 2.4) and “other unintentional injuries” (males 14.1, females 8.0), the leading external causes of death in 2009–2018 were drowning (25.9), road traffic injuries (18.0) and suicide (10.4) among males; and road traffic injuries (4.6), drowning (3.4) and poisoning (2.6) among females. Mortality from broad categories of external causes did not change consistently over time but rates of road traffic injuries increased among males. External causes contributed approximately 1 in 10 deaths among males and 1 in 20 among females, with no marked change in cause-specific rates over time, except for road traffic injuries. These findings emphasise the need for programs and policies in various sectors to address this large, but mostly avoidable health burden.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	590 ; 310
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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