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  1. Article ; Online: AM fungal-bacterial relationships: what can they tell us about ecosystem sustainability and soil functioning?

    Hoosein, Shabana / Neuenkamp, Lena / Trivedi, Pankaj / Paschke, Mark W

    Frontiers in fungal biology

    2023  Volume 4, Page(s) 1141963

    Abstract: Considering our growing population and our continuous degradation of soil environments, understanding the fundamental ecology of soil biota and plant microbiomes will be imperative to sustaining soil systems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi extend ... ...

    Abstract Considering our growing population and our continuous degradation of soil environments, understanding the fundamental ecology of soil biota and plant microbiomes will be imperative to sustaining soil systems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi extend their hyphae beyond plant root zones, creating microhabitats with bacterial symbionts for nutrient acquisition through a tripartite symbiotic relationship along with plants. Nonetheless, it is unclear what drives these AM fungal-bacterial relationships and how AM fungal functional traits contribute to these relationships. By delving into the literature, we look at the drivers and complexity behind AM fungal-bacterial relationships, describe the shift needed in AM fungal research towards the inclusion of interdisciplinary tools, and discuss the utilization of bacterial datasets to provide contextual evidence behind these complex relationships, bringing insights and new hypotheses to AM fungal functional traits. From this synthesis, we gather that interdependent microbial relationships are at the foundation of understanding microbiome functionality and deciphering microbial functional traits. We suggest using pattern-based inference tools along with machine learning to elucidate AM fungal-bacterial relationship trends, along with the utilization of synthetic communities, functional gene analyses, and metabolomics to understand how AM fungal and bacterial communities facilitate communication for the survival of host plant communities. These suggestions could result in improving microbial inocula and products, as well as a better understanding of complex relationships in terrestrial ecosystems that contribute to plant-soil feedbacks.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2673-6128
    ISSN (online) 2673-6128
    DOI 10.3389/ffunb.2023.1141963
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Indaziflam reduces seed bank richness and density but not sagebrush-grassland plant diversity

    Courkamp, Jacob S. / Meiman, Paul J. / Paschke, Mark W.

    Rangeland ecology & management. 2022 May 16,

    2022  

    Abstract: Mitigating invasive annual grass impacts is critical to halting native rangeland conversion to fire-prone, annual grass-dominated communities and maintaining the ecosystem services provided by perennial plants. The herbicide indaziflam (Rejuvra®, Bayer) ... ...

    Abstract Mitigating invasive annual grass impacts is critical to halting native rangeland conversion to fire-prone, annual grass-dominated communities and maintaining the ecosystem services provided by perennial plants. The herbicide indaziflam (Rejuvra®, Bayer) may allow managers to selectively deplete annual grass seed banks in plant communities that continue to support desirable perennial vegetation, but non-target impacts are difficult to assess in the small plots typically used in herbicide trials, and the potential for impacts to the seed bank is not well-understood. To assess the potential for non-target impacts resulting from indaziflam treatment, we used modified-Whittaker multiscale vegetation plots to compare diversity (species accumulation) in three treatment (73 g ai ha⁻¹ indaziflam) and three control plots in sagebrush-grasslands near Pinedale, Wyoming that are invaded by cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.). We also assessed the density and richness of shallow (0-1 cm depth) and deep (1-5 cm depth) germinable seed banks in treatment and control plots by tracking seedling emergence from seed bank samples during a 20-week greenhouse study. Vegetation data and seed bank samples were collected during the third growing season after treatment. Treatment did not impact aboveground species diversity, but this contrasted with the results of the seed bank assay; shallow and deep native seed bank density and shallow native seed bank richness were significantly reduced in treatment plots. All impacted species were detected in the aboveground plant community in treatment plots after herbicide application, suggesting that reduced native annual abundance may be temporary. Considering the potential for non-target impacts to seed banks will help land managers accurately assess trade-offs when making treatment decisions.
    Keywords Bromus tectorum ; administrative management ; ecosystems ; grass seed ; grasses ; greenhouse experimentation ; herbicide application ; herbicides ; plant communities ; rangelands ; seedling emergence ; species diversity ; vegetation ; Wyoming
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-0516
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 2235093-7
    ISSN 1550-7424
    ISSN 1550-7424
    DOI 10.1016/j.rama.2022.05.005
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: A molecular approach to understanding plant-plant interactions in the context of invasion biology.

    Broz, Amanda K / Manter, Daniel K / Callaway, Ragan M / Paschke, Mark W / Vivanco, Jorge M

    Functional plant biology : FPB

    2020  Volume 35, Issue 11, Page(s) 1123–1134

    Abstract: Competition is a major determinant of plant community structure, and can influence the size and reproductive fitness of a species. Therefore, competitive responses may arise from alterations in gene expression and plant function when an individual is ... ...

    Abstract Competition is a major determinant of plant community structure, and can influence the size and reproductive fitness of a species. Therefore, competitive responses may arise from alterations in gene expression and plant function when an individual is confronted with new competitors. This study explored competition at the level of gene expression by hybridising transcripts from Centaurea maculosa Lam., one of North America's most invasive exotic plant species, to an Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh microarray chip. Centaurea was grown in competition with Festuca idahoensis Elmer, a native species that generally has weak competitive effects against Centaurea; Gaillardia aristata Pursh, a native species that tends to be a much stronger competitor against Centaurea; and alone (control). Some transcripts were induced or repressed to a similar extent regardless of the plant neighbour grown with Centaurea. Other transcripts showed differential expression that was specific to the competitor species, possibly indicating a species-specific aspect of the competitive response of Centaurea. These results are the first to identify genes in an invasive plant that are induced or repressed by plant neighbours and provide a new avenue of insight into the molecular aspects of plant competitive ability.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-21
    Publishing country Australia
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2071582-1
    ISSN 1445-4416 ; 1445-4408
    ISSN (online) 1445-4416
    ISSN 1445-4408
    DOI 10.1071/FP08155
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Restoration for multiple use

    Paschke, Mark W / Perkins, Lora B / Veblen, Kari E

    Restoration ecology. 2019 July, v. 27, no. 4

    2019  

    Abstract: Management of restored ecosystems for multiple use is a modern necessity given a growing human population and dwindling supplies of ecosystem goods and services. Multiple use management refers to managing resources simultaneously for sustainable output ... ...

    Abstract Management of restored ecosystems for multiple use is a modern necessity given a growing human population and dwindling supplies of ecosystem goods and services. Multiple use management refers to managing resources simultaneously for sustainable output of many goods and services. Within any restoration, thoughtful planning and early stakeholder engagement can help harmonize seemingly competing multiple uses. Although the field of ecological restoration is young and there are few long‐term lessons to draw from, we can infer from ecological theory that maximization of native biodiversity can impart resilience in the restored ecosystem and can buffer against the stress of multiple use management. Restoration for multiple use should be accompanied with an acknowledgment that humility is required and monitoring is needed to keep the restored ecosystem on an acceptable trajectory. The field of ecological restoration was founded upon the notion that ecosystems would be restored for ethical reasons, but modern realities have necessitated a more utilitarian approach to restoration that requires restoring ecosystems for multiple uses. This reality represents a grand challenge for the next generation of restoration ecologists.
    Keywords biodiversity ; ecological restoration ; ecosystem services ; ecosystems ; ethics ; human population ; monitoring ; planning ; public services and goods ; stakeholders
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-07
    Size p. 701-704.
    Publishing place Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 914746-9
    ISSN 1526-100X ; 1061-2971
    ISSN (online) 1526-100X
    ISSN 1061-2971
    DOI 10.1111/rec.12949
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Energy development and production in the Great Plains: Implications and mitigation opportunities

    Ott, Jacqueline P / Hanberry, Brice B / Khalil, Mona / Paschke, Mark W / Post van der Burg, Max / Prenni, Anthony J

    Rangeland ecology & management. 2020 May 11,

    2020  

    Abstract: Energy is an integral part of society. The major US energy sources of fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas); biofuels (ethanol); and wind are concentrated in grassland ecosystems of the Great Plains. As energy demand continues to increase, mounting ... ...

    Abstract Energy is an integral part of society. The major US energy sources of fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas); biofuels (ethanol); and wind are concentrated in grassland ecosystems of the Great Plains. As energy demand continues to increase, mounting pressures will be placed on North American grassland systems. In this review, we present the ecological effects of energy development and production on grassland systems. We then identify opportunities to mitigate these effects during the planning, construction, and production phases by using informed methodology and improved technology. Primary effects during energy development include small- and large-scale soil disturbance and vegetation removal as small patches of grasslands are used to host oil or gas wells, wind turbine pads, associated roadways, and pipelines or through the conversion of large grassland areas to biofuel croplands. Direct habitat loss or habitat fragmentation can affect wildlife directly through increased mortality or indirectly through reduction in habitat quantity and quality. During energy production, air and water quality can be affected through regular emissions or unplanned spills. Energy development can also affect the economy and health of local communities. During planning, energy development and production effects can be reduced by carefully considering effects on grasslands during siting and even by selecting different energy source types. During construction, effects on soil and plant systems can be minimized by eliminating weed populations before disturbance, salvaging and stockpiling topsoil for future revegetation, and harvesting native local seed for postsite restoration. During energy production operations, noise and road traffic reduction plans and atmospheric monitoring will enable more informed mitigation measures. Continued research on energy development effects and mitigation measures is necessary to establish best management practices beneficial to grassland health while providing needed energy for the United States.
    Keywords air ; biofuels ; coal ; disturbed soils ; energy ; ethanol ; grasslands ; habitat destruction ; habitat fragmentation ; habitats ; land restoration ; mortality ; natural gas ; oils ; rangelands ; topsoil ; traffic ; water quality ; weeds ; wildlife ; wind ; wind turbines
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-0511
    Publishing place Elsevier Inc.
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean ; Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 2235093-7
    ISSN 1550-7424
    ISSN 1550-7424
    DOI 10.1016/j.rama.2020.05.003
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: Understory Responses to Mechanical Treatment of Pinyon-Juniper in Northwestern Colorado☆

    Stephens, Garrett J / Johnston Danielle Bilyeu / Jonas Jayne L / Paschke Mark W

    Rangeland ecology & management. 2016 Sept., v. 69, no. 5

    2016  

    Abstract: Pinyon-juniper (Pinus spp.-Juniperus spp.) encroachment and decliningmule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations in western Colorado have necessitated management for increased forage. Pinyon-juniper removal is one such technique; however, it is unclear ... ...

    Abstract Pinyon-juniper (Pinus spp.-Juniperus spp.) encroachment and decliningmule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations in western Colorado have necessitated management for increased forage. Pinyon-juniper removal is one such technique; however, it is unclear which method of tree removal most effectively promotes forage species. We conducted an experiment to quantify understory responses to mechanical pinyon-juniper removal and seed additions in a blocked design using three different methods: anchor-chaining, rollerchopping, and mastication. Blocks contained each mechanical and seeding treatment along with an untreated control. Seven blocks across two sites, North Magnolia (NM, 4 blocks) and South Magnolia (SM, 3 blocks), were treated during the fall of 2011. Half of each plot was seeded before or during mechanical treatment with a mix of grasses, shrubs, and forbs. After two growing seasons, biomass of perennial grasses was 90–160 kg · ha⁻¹ in mechanically treated plots compared with 10 kg · ha⁻¹ in untreated controls. There were no differences, however, between mechanical treatments for any perennial plant species. Response of annual plant species depended on mechanical treatment type and site. Rollerchopping had higher exotic annual grass cover than mastication or control at NM and higher exotic annual forb cover than chaining or control at SM. Rollerchopping was the only treatment to have higher native annual forb cover than control in the absence of seeding. Seeding increased native annual forb biomass in mastication compared with control. Seeding also increased shrub density at SM, which had fewer shrubs pretreatment relative to NM. Results suggest any type of mechanical removal of pinyon-juniper can increase understory plant biomass and cover. Seeding in conjunction with mechanical treatments, particularly mastication, can initially increase annual forb biomass and shrub density. Finally, different understory responses between sites suggests that pretreatment conditions are important for determining outcomes of pinyon-juniper removal treatments.
    Keywords annuals ; autumn ; deer ; forage ; forbs ; grasses ; growing season ; indigenous species ; introduced plants ; Magnolia ; mastication ; Odocoileus hemionus ; perennials ; phytomass ; Pinus ; pinyon-juniper ; shrubs ; sowing ; trees ; understory ; Colorado
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-09
    Size p. 351-359.
    Publishing place the Society for Range Management
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2180183-6
    ISSN 1551-5028 ; 1550-7424
    ISSN (online) 1551-5028
    ISSN 1550-7424
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Symphyotrichum ericoides populations from seleniferous and nonseleniferous soil display striking variation in selenium accumulation

    El Mehdawi, Ali F / Paschke, Mark W / Pilon‐Smits, Elizabeth A. H

    new phytologist. 2015 Apr., v. 206, no. 1

    2015  

    Abstract: Symphyotrichum ericoides (Asteraceae) from naturally seleniferous habitat (Pine Ridge) was shown previously to have selenium (Se) hyperaccumulator properties in field and glasshouse studies, and to benefit from Se through protection from herbivory. To ... ...

    Abstract Symphyotrichum ericoides (Asteraceae) from naturally seleniferous habitat (Pine Ridge) was shown previously to have selenium (Se) hyperaccumulator properties in field and glasshouse studies, and to benefit from Se through protection from herbivory. To investigate whether Se hyperaccumulation is ubiquitous in S. ericoides or restricted to seleniferous soils, the S. ericoides Pine Ridge (PR) population was compared with the nearby Cloudy Pass (CP) population from nonseleniferous soil. The S. ericoidesPR and CP populations were strikingly physiologically different: in a common garden experiment, PR plants accumulated up to 40‐fold higher Se concentrations than CP plants and had 10‐fold higher Se : sulfur (S) ratios. Moreover, roots of S. ericoidesPR plants showed directional growth toward selenate, while CP roots did not. Growth of both accessions responded positively to Se. Each accession grew best on its own soil. Rhizosphere soil inoculum from the S. ericoidesPR population stimulated plant growth and Se accumulation in both S. ericoidesPR and S. ericoidesCP plants, on both PR and CP soils. While the S. ericoidesPR population hyperaccumulates Se, the nearby CP population does not. The capacity of S. ericoidesPR plants to hyperaccumulate Se appears to be a local phenomenon that is restricted to seleniferous soil. Mutualistic rhizosphere microbes of the S. ericoidesPR population may contribute to the hyperaccumulation phenotype.
    Keywords Symphyotrichum ericoides ; greenhouses ; herbivores ; hyperaccumulators ; inoculum ; phenotype ; plant growth ; rhizosphere ; roots ; selenium ; soil ; sulfur
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2015-04
    Size p. 231-242.
    Publishing place Academic Press.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 208885-x
    ISSN 1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
    ISSN (online) 1469-8137
    ISSN 0028-646X
    DOI 10.1111/nph.13164
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article ; Online: Symphyotrichum ericoides populations from seleniferous and nonseleniferous soil display striking variation in selenium accumulation.

    El Mehdawi, Ali F / Paschke, Mark W / Pilon-Smits, Elizabeth A H

    The New phytologist

    2014  Volume 206, Issue 1, Page(s) 231–242

    Abstract: Symphyotrichum ericoides (Asteraceae) from naturally seleniferous habitat (Pine Ridge) was shown previously to have selenium (Se) hyperaccumulator properties in field and glasshouse studies, and to benefit from Se through protection from herbivory. To ... ...

    Abstract Symphyotrichum ericoides (Asteraceae) from naturally seleniferous habitat (Pine Ridge) was shown previously to have selenium (Se) hyperaccumulator properties in field and glasshouse studies, and to benefit from Se through protection from herbivory. To investigate whether Se hyperaccumulation is ubiquitous in S. ericoides or restricted to seleniferous soils, the S. ericoides Pine Ridge (PR) population was compared with the nearby Cloudy Pass (CP) population from nonseleniferous soil. The S. ericoidesPR and CP populations were strikingly physiologically different: in a common garden experiment, PR plants accumulated up to 40-fold higher Se concentrations than CP plants and had 10-fold higher Se : sulfur (S) ratios. Moreover, roots of S. ericoidesPR plants showed directional growth toward selenate, while CP roots did not. Growth of both accessions responded positively to Se. Each accession grew best on its own soil. Rhizosphere soil inoculum from the S. ericoidesPR population stimulated plant growth and Se accumulation in both S. ericoidesPR and S. ericoidesCP plants, on both PR and CP soils. While the S. ericoidesPR population hyperaccumulates Se, the nearby CP population does not. The capacity of S. ericoidesPR plants to hyperaccumulate Se appears to be a local phenomenon that is restricted to seleniferous soil. Mutualistic rhizosphere microbes of the S. ericoidesPR population may contribute to the hyperaccumulation phenotype.
    MeSH term(s) Asteraceae/metabolism ; Ecosystem ; Herbivory ; Phenotype ; Plant Leaves/chemistry ; Plant Leaves/metabolism ; Plant Roots/metabolism ; Rhizosphere ; Selenium/metabolism ; Soil/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Soil ; Selenium (H6241UJ22B)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-11-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 208885-x
    ISSN 1469-8137 ; 0028-646X
    ISSN (online) 1469-8137
    ISSN 0028-646X
    DOI 10.1111/nph.13164
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Using native annual plants to restore post-fire habitats in western North America

    Herron, Christopher M / Jonas, Jayne L / Meiman, Paul J / Paschke, Mark W

    International journal of wildland fire. 2013, v. 22, no. 6

    2013  

    Abstract: Increasing fire frequencies and uncharacteristic severe fires have created a need for improved restoration methods across rangelands in western North America. Traditional restoration seed mixtures of native perennial mid- to late-seral plant species may ... ...

    Abstract Increasing fire frequencies and uncharacteristic severe fires have created a need for improved restoration methods across rangelands in western North America. Traditional restoration seed mixtures of native perennial mid- to late-seral plant species may not be suitable for intensely burned sites that have been returned to an early-seral condition. Under such conditions, native annual plant species are likely to be more successful at becoming established and competing with exotic annual plant species, such as Bromus tectorum L., for resources. We used a field study in Colorado and Idaho, USA, to test the hypothesis that native annual plant species are better suited to post-fire restoration efforts compared with perennial plant species that are commonly used in traditional seed mixtures. Replicated test plots at three post-fire sites were assigned one of four treatments: (1) native annual seed mixture, (2) standard perennial seed mixture, (3) combination of annual and perennial and (4) an unseeded control. Seeding native annuals with perennials resulted in a slight reduction in exotic plant cover, suggesting that it is potentially beneficial to include native annual plant species in restoration seed mixtures.
    Keywords Bromus tectorum ; annuals ; fires ; ground cover plants ; habitats ; indigenous species ; introduced plants ; perennials ; seed mixtures ; Colorado ; Idaho
    Language English
    Size p. 815-821.
    Publishing place CSIRO Publishing
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1331562-6
    ISSN 1049-8001
    ISSN 1049-8001
    DOI 10.1071/WF11179
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  10. Article: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community differs between a coexisting native shrub and introduced annual grass

    Busby, Ryan R / Stromberger, Mary E / Rodriguez, Giselle / Gebhart, Dick L / Paschke, Mark W

    Mycorrhiza. 2013 Feb., v. 23, no. 2

    2013  

    Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been implicated in non-native plant invasion success and persistence. However, few studies have identified the AMF species associating directly with plant invaders, or how these associations differ from those of ... ...

    Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been implicated in non-native plant invasion success and persistence. However, few studies have identified the AMF species associating directly with plant invaders, or how these associations differ from those of native plant species. Identifying changes to the AMF community due to plant invasion could yield key plant–AMF interactions necessary for the restoration of native plant communities. This research compared AMF associating with coexisting Bromus tectorum, an invasive annual grass, and Artemisia tridentata, the dominant native shrub in western North America. At three sites, soil and root samples from Bromus and Artemisia were collected. Sporulation was induced using trap cultures, and spores were identified using morphological characteristics. DNA was extracted from root and soil subsamples and amplified. Sequences obtained were aligned and analyzed to compare diversity, composition, and phylogenetic distance between hosts and sites. Richness of AMF species associated with Artemisia in cultures was higher than AMF species associated with Bromus. Gamma diversity was similar and beta diversity was higher in AMF associated with Bromus compared to Artemisia. AMF community composition differed between hosts in both cultures and roots. Two AMF species (Archaeospora trappei and Viscospora viscosum) associated more frequently with Artemisia than Bromus across multiple sites. AMF communities in Bromus roots were more phylogenetically dispersed than in Artemisia roots, indicating a greater competition for resources within the invasive grass. Bromus associated with an AMF community that differed from Artemisia in a number of ways, and these changes could restrict native plant establishment.
    Keywords Archaeospora ; Artemisia tridentata ; Bromus tectorum ; DNA ; colonizing ability ; community structure ; ecological invasion ; fungal communities ; grasses ; hosts ; indigenous species ; invasive species ; mycorrhizal fungi ; plant communities ; plant establishment ; roots ; shrubs ; soil ; species diversity ; vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizae ; North America
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-02
    Size p. 129-141.
    Publishing place Springer-Verlag
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1087945-6
    ISSN 1432-1890 ; 0940-6360
    ISSN (online) 1432-1890
    ISSN 0940-6360
    DOI 10.1007/s00572-012-0455-x
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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