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  1. Article ; Online: Low-Cost Approach to an Instream Water Depth Sensor Construction Using Differential Pressure Sensors and Arduino Microcontrollers.

    Pearce, Reagan H / Chadwick, Michael A / Main, Bruce / Chan, Kris / Sayer, Carl D / Patmore, Ian R

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 24, Issue 8

    Abstract: Accurate hydrological data with high spatial resolution is important for flood risk and water resource management, particularly under the context of climate change. The cost of monitoring networks, as well as the characteristics of the hydrological ... ...

    Abstract Accurate hydrological data with high spatial resolution is important for flood risk and water resource management, particularly under the context of climate change. The cost of monitoring networks, as well as the characteristics of the hydrological environment itself, can be a barrier to meeting these data requirements, however. This study covers the design and testing of a low-cost, "build-it-yourself", instream water depth sensor providing an assessment of its potential in future hydrological monitoring projects. The low-cost sensor was built using an Arduino microcontroller, a differential pressure sensor and a thermistor, a real-time clock, and an SD card module. The low-cost logger was deployed in tandem with a factory-calibrated Solinst
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-12
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s24082488
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: High temporal resolution records of outdoor and indoor airborne microplastics

    Boakes, Lucy C. / Patmore, Ian R. / Bancone, Chiara E. P. / Rose, N. L.

    Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2023 Mar., v. 30, no. 13 p.39246-39257

    2023  

    Abstract: There is increasing concern regarding airborne microplastics, but to date, studies have typically used coarse interval sampling (a day or longer) to generate deposition and concentration estimates. In this proof-of-concept study, we used a Burkard ... ...

    Abstract There is increasing concern regarding airborne microplastics, but to date, studies have typically used coarse interval sampling (a day or longer) to generate deposition and concentration estimates. In this proof-of-concept study, we used a Burkard volumetric spore trap (intake 10 L min⁻¹; recording airborne particulates onto an adhesive-coated tape moving at 2 mm hr⁻¹) to assess whether this approach has potential to record airborne microplastics at an hourly resolution, thereby providing detailed diurnal patterns. Simultaneous sampling at outdoor and indoor locations at rural and urban sites showed clear daily and weekly patterns in microplastic concentrations which may be related to people and vehicle movement. Indoor residential concentrations of suspected microplastics were the highest (reaching hourly concentrations of 40–50 m⁻³), whilst rural outdoor concentrations were very low (typically 1–2 m⁻³ h⁻¹). Whilst the approach shows great potential for high resolution data generation, further development is required for spectroscopic analysis and hence chemical confirmation of visual microplastic identification.
    Keywords microplastics ; particulates ; people ; spectral analysis ; spore traps
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2023-03
    Size p. 39246-39257.
    Publishing place Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 1178791-0
    ISSN 1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
    ISSN (online) 1614-7499
    ISSN 0944-1344
    DOI 10.1007/s11356-022-24935-0
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article ; Online: High temporal resolution records of outdoor and indoor airborne microplastics.

    Boakes, Lucy C / Patmore, Ian R / Bancone, Chiara E P / Rose, Neil L

    Environmental science and pollution research international

    2023  Volume 30, Issue 13, Page(s) 39246–39257

    Abstract: There is increasing concern regarding airborne microplastics, but to date, studies have typically used coarse interval sampling (a day or longer) to generate deposition and concentration estimates. In this proof-of-concept study, we used a Burkard ... ...

    Abstract There is increasing concern regarding airborne microplastics, but to date, studies have typically used coarse interval sampling (a day or longer) to generate deposition and concentration estimates. In this proof-of-concept study, we used a Burkard volumetric spore trap (intake 10 L min
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Microplastics/analysis ; Air Pollutants/analysis ; Plastics/analysis ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Dust/analysis ; Air Pollution, Indoor/analysis
    Chemical Substances Microplastics ; Air Pollutants ; Plastics ; Dust
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-04
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1178791-0
    ISSN 1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
    ISSN (online) 1614-7499
    ISSN 0944-1344
    DOI 10.1007/s11356-022-24935-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Habitat heterogeneity enables spatial and temporal coexistence of native and invasive macrophytes in shallow lake landscapes

    Salgado, Jorge / Sayer, Carl D. / Willby, Nigel / Baker, Ambroise G. / Goldsmith, Ben / McGowan, Suzanne / Davidson, Thomas A. / Bexell, Patrik / Patmore, Ian R. / Okamura, Beth

    River Research and Applications. 2022 Oct., v. 38, no. 8 p.1387-1399

    2022  

    Abstract: Macrophyte invasive alien species (IAS) fitness is often hypothesised to be associated with beneficial environmental conditions (environmental matching) or species‐poor communities. However, positive correlations between macrophyte IAS abundance and ... ...

    Abstract Macrophyte invasive alien species (IAS) fitness is often hypothesised to be associated with beneficial environmental conditions (environmental matching) or species‐poor communities. However, positive correlations between macrophyte IAS abundance and native plant richness can also arise, due to habitat heterogeneity (defined here as variation in abiotic and native biotic conditions over space and time). We analysed survey and palaeoecological data for macrophytes in satellite lakes along the Upper Lough Erne (ULE) system (Northern Ireland, UK), covering a gradient of eutrophication and connectivity to partition how environmental conditions, macrophyte diversity and habitat heterogeneity explained the abundance of Elodea canadensis, a widely distributed non‐native macrophyte in Europe. E. canadensis abundance positively correlated with macrophyte richness at both the within‐ and between‐lake scales indicating coexistence of native and invasive species over time. E. canadensis was also more prolific in highly connected and macrophyte‐rich lakes, but sparser in the more eutrophic‐isolated ones. Partial boosted regression trees revealed that in eutrophic‐isolated lakes, E. canadensis abundances correlated with water clarity (negatively), plant diversity (positively), and plant cover (negatively) whereas in diverse‐connected lakes, beta diversity (both positively and negatively) related to most greatly E. canadensis abundance. Dense macrophyte cover and unfavourable environmental conditions thus appear to confer invasibility resistance and sufficient habitat heterogeneity to mask any single effect of native biodiversity or environmental matching in controlling E. canadensis abundance. Therefore, in shallow lake landscapes, habitat heterogeneity variously enables the coexistence of native macrophytes and E. canadensis, reducing the often‐described homogenisation effects of invasive macrophytes.
    Keywords Elodea canadensis ; Northern Ireland ; eutrophication ; habitats ; homogenization ; indigenous species ; invasive species ; lakes ; macrophytes ; paleoecology ; research ; rivers ; satellites ; space and time ; species diversity ; surveys ; water quality
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-10
    Size p. 1387-1399.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2072626-0
    ISSN 1535-1459
    ISSN 1535-1459
    DOI 10.1002/rra.3839
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Connectivity and zebra mussel invasion offer short‐term buffering of eutrophication impacts on floodplain lake landscape biodiversity

    Salgado, Jorge / Sayer, Carl D / Brooks, Stephen J / Davidson, Thomas A / Baker, Ambroise G / Willby, Nigel / Patmore, Ian R / Goldsmith, Ben / Bennion, Helen / Okamura, Beth

    Diversity & distributions. 2019 Aug., v. 25, no. 8

    2019  

    Abstract: AIM: To investigate if connectivity and zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) occurrence can mitigate effects of eutrophication in a lowland lake landscape. LOCATION: Upper Lough Erne, Northern Ireland, UK. METHODS: Data on environment, macrophytes and ... ...

    Abstract AIM: To investigate if connectivity and zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) occurrence can mitigate effects of eutrophication in a lowland lake landscape. LOCATION: Upper Lough Erne, Northern Ireland, UK. METHODS: Data on environment, macrophytes and invertebrates were assembled for three basins of a large central lake and its satellite floodplain lakes via field surveys and palaeolimnological analyses. Space–time interaction analyses of palaeoecological data were compared pre‐1950 and post‐1950. Multivariate analyses examined how connectivity, environment and zebra mussels influenced contemporary lake communities, and explain their divergence from historical communities in the past. RESULTS: Pre‐1950, we found high community variation across sites and low within‐lake variation in macrophytes, but progressive eutrophication accentuated within‐lake community variation after 1950. Partitioning analysis showed larger effects of connectivity than nutrient enrichment on contemporary macrophyte composition, while local effects structured invertebrate communities. Three clusters of lakes were revealed according to variation in macrophyte composition, isolation from the central lake and nutrient enrichment: Group 1– the central lake and six nearby lakes were meso‐eutrophic (TP = 66.7 ± 47.6 μg/L; TN = 0.79 ± 0.41 mg/L) and had the highest zebra mussel abundances and organismal biodiversity; Group 2– Eight eutrophic (TP = 112±36.6 μg/L; TN = 1.25 ± 0.5 mg/L) and connected lakes; Group 3– Seven isolated and hypertrophic (TP = 163.2 ± 101.5 μg/L; TN = 1.55 ± 0.3 mg/L) lakes. Pre‐1950 palaeolimnological data for macrophytes and invertebrates for 5 lakes and a basin in the central lake most resembled extant lake communities of Group 1. However, palaeo‐records revealed that macrophytes and invertebrates subsequently converged towards those of Groups 2 and 3. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals that the central “mother” lake acts as a hub for preserving biodiversity via shared hydrological connectivity with satellite lakes and high zebra mussel abundances. These may buffer the impoverishing effects of eutrophication and sustain unexpectedly high biodiversity in the short term. Such protective buffering, however, cannot be relied upon indefinitely to conserve biodiversity.
    Keywords Dreissena polymorpha ; basins ; biodiversity ; eutrophication ; floodplains ; hydrology ; invertebrates ; lakes ; landscapes ; macrophytes ; multivariate analysis ; paleoecology ; satellites ; space and time ; surveys ; Northern Ireland
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2019-08
    Size p. 1334-1347.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 2020139-4
    ISSN 1472-4642 ; 1366-9516
    ISSN (online) 1472-4642
    ISSN 1366-9516
    DOI 10.1111/ddi.12938
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: Recovery of the crucian carp Carassius carassius (L.): Approach and early results of an English conservation project

    Sayer, Carl D / Emson, Dave / Patmore, Ian R / Greaves, Helen M / West, William P / Payne, Jonathan / Davies, Gareth D / Tarkan, Ali Serhan / Wiseman, Glen / Cooper, Bernard / Grapes, Tim / Cooper, George / Copp, Gordon H

    Aquatic conservation. 2020 Dec., v. 30, no. 12

    2020  

    Abstract: The crucian carp Carassius carassius, a cyprinid fish characteristic of small ponds, is in decline throughout most of its European range, including in England where it is currently thought to be non‐native. The present study, undertaken by the Norfolk ... ...

    Abstract The crucian carp Carassius carassius, a cyprinid fish characteristic of small ponds, is in decline throughout most of its European range, including in England where it is currently thought to be non‐native. The present study, undertaken by the Norfolk Crucian Project, reports on reductions in pond populations of crucian carp in Norfolk, eastern England as well as the success of recent introduction/re‐introduction efforts in terms of crucian survival, recruitment and growth over the last 10 years. A 72% decline in crucian carp distribution was observed between the 1950s–1980s and the 2010s. Of 18 crucian carp introductions/re‐introductions to restored and suitable existing ponds, 17 were successful in terms of survival, increasing the number of current crucian sites in Norfolk by 37%. Recruitment of young crucian carp was demonstrated for 12 of the 18 stocked ponds, with apparent elevated juvenile growth relative to other English and European populations. Delays in, or a lack of, crucian recruitment in some ponds appeared to result from the presence of other fish species (especially threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus) with predation and interspecific competition possible contributory factors. This study shows that, through combinations of pond rehabilitation and stocking, it has been possible to achieve a substantial recovery of crucian carp populations in the study region. Although the crucian carp is currently presumed to be non‐native within England, given other scientific studies that show a lack of adverse impacts of this species on native biota, and because it is greatly threatened in its native range, the call is sounded for more crucian carp conservation projects in other parts of England as well as in Europe more generally.
    Keywords Carassius carassius ; Gasterosteus aculeatus ; fish ; interspecific competition ; juveniles ; predation ; England
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-12
    Size p. 2240-2253.
    Publishing place John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note NAL-AP-2-clean ; JOURNAL ARTICLE
    ZDB-ID 1146285-1
    ISSN 1052-7613
    ISSN 1052-7613
    DOI 10.1002/aqc.3422
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  7. Article: Big Ben: a new wide-bore piston corer for multi-proxy palaeolimnology

    Patmore, Ian R / Sayer, Carl D / Goldsmith, Ben / Davidson, Thomas A / Rawcliffe, Ruth / Salgado, Jorge

    Journal of paleolimnology. 2014 Jan., v. 51, no. 1

    2014  

    Abstract: We present a design for a large diameter piston corer, deployed from a raft that is suitable for use in shallow lakes. The piston corer, known as Big Ben, consists of a core tube, a piston on a rope and a corer head, to which rods are attached to drive ... ...

    Abstract We present a design for a large diameter piston corer, deployed from a raft that is suitable for use in shallow lakes. The piston corer, known as Big Ben, consists of a core tube, a piston on a rope and a corer head, to which rods are attached to drive the tube into the sediment. A core catcher, which aids the support of the core tube when full of sediment, has been incorporated into the design. To extrude the sediment, a framework has been designed to keep the core tube upright and stationary and a modified bottle jack is used to push the piston upwards during the extrusion process. The practical operation of the Big Ben coring system from setting up a coring platform to collecting and safely extruding a core is detailed. Finally we summarise recent experiences of deploying the corer and highlight its potential uses in the developing field of multi-proxy palaeolimnology.
    Keywords extrusion ; lakes ; sediments
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2014-01
    Size p. 79-86.
    Publishing place Springer-Verlag
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1478181-5
    ISSN 1573-0417 ; 0921-2728
    ISSN (online) 1573-0417
    ISSN 0921-2728
    DOI 10.1007/s10933-013-9756-0
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  8. Article: Representation of aquatic vegetation change by plant macrofossils in a small and shallow freshwater lake

    Clarke, Gina H / Sayer, Carl D / Turner, Simon / Salgado, Jorge / Meis, Sebastian / Patmore, Ian R / Zhao, Yan

    Vegetation history and archaeobotany. 2014 May, v. 23, no. 3

    2014  

    Abstract: We explored spatial and temporal relationships between contemporary aquatic vegetation and surface sediment macrofossil remains in a small, shallow, English lake (Green Plantation Pond). The aquatic vegetation of Green Plantation Pond underwent a marked ... ...

    Abstract We explored spatial and temporal relationships between contemporary aquatic vegetation and surface sediment macrofossil remains in a small, shallow, English lake (Green Plantation Pond). The aquatic vegetation of Green Plantation Pond underwent a marked compositional change after 2005 with a shift from Elodea spp.-Potamogeton pusillus-Chara spp. to Ceratophyllum spp.-Chara spp.-Potamogeton crispus dominance. By comparing macrophyte and plant macrofossil distributions at multiple, closely spaced points in Green Plantation Pond for 2000 and 2008–2009, we studied the ability of macrofossils to track this major aquatic vegetation change. Representation of macrophytes by macrofossils was high with 63 and 76� % of extant plant species recorded by macro-remains in the 2000 and 2009 sediment surveys respectively. Nevertheless, plants were both over-represented (Nitella flexilis, Chara spp. and Zannichellia palustris) and under-represented (Ranunculus sect. Batrachium, Potamogeton spp.) in the sediment record in terms of relative macrofossil abundances and the number of occupied sample points. The study also revealed a lack of preservation of Elodea spp. leaf remains in the second (2009) survey compared to the first (2000) probably due to a longer time interval (5 vs. 10� months) between macrophyte and sediment sampling. Nevertheless, the macrofossils reliably recorded both the main shift in the contemporary vegetation (e.g. especially increases in Ceratophyllum spp. and P. crispus abundance) and other more subtle floristic changes (e.g. increases in Myriophyllum spicatum and Lemna spp.) exceptionally well. This study highlights the huge potential of macrofossils for tracking sub-decadal changes in the aquatic vegetation of small, shallow lakes.
    Keywords Ceratophyllum ; Chara ; Elodea ; Lemna ; Myriophyllum spicatum ; Nitella flexilis ; Potamogeton ; Ranunculus ; Zannichellia ; freshwater ; lakes ; leaves ; sediments ; surveys ; vegetation
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2014-05
    Size p. 265-276.
    Publishing place Springer-Verlag
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1481434-1
    ISSN 1617-6278 ; 0939-6314
    ISSN (online) 1617-6278
    ISSN 0939-6314
    DOI 10.1007/s00334-013-0427-x
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  9. Article: Representation of aquatic vegetation change by plant macrofossils in a small and shallow freshwater lake

    Clarke, Gina H. / Sayer, Carl D. / Turner, Simon / Salgado, Jorge / Meis, Sebastian / Patmore, Ian R. / Zhao, Yan

    Vegetation history and archaeobotany

    Volume v. 23,, Issue no. 3

    Abstract: We explored spatial and temporal relationships between contemporary aquatic vegetation and surface sediment macrofossil remains in a small, shallow, English lake (Green Plantation Pond). The aquatic vegetation of Green Plantation Pond underwent a marked ... ...

    Abstract We explored spatial and temporal relationships between contemporary aquatic vegetation and surface sediment macrofossil remains in a small, shallow, English lake (Green Plantation Pond). The aquatic vegetation of Green Plantation Pond underwent a marked compositional change after 2005 with a shift from Elodea spp.-Potamogeton pusillus-Chara spp. to Ceratophyllum spp.-Chara spp.-Potamogeton crispus dominance. By comparing macrophyte and plant macrofossil distributions at multiple, closely spaced points in Green Plantation Pond for 2000 and 2008–2009, we studied the ability of macrofossils to track this major aquatic vegetation change. Representation of macrophytes by macrofossils was high with 63 and 76� % of extant plant species recorded by macro-remains in the 2000 and 2009 sediment surveys respectively. Nevertheless, plants were both over-represented (Nitella flexilis, Chara spp. and Zannichellia palustris) and under-represented (Ranunculus sect. Batrachium, Potamogeton spp.) in the sediment record in terms of relative macrofossil abundances and the number of occupied sample points. The study also revealed a lack of preservation of Elodea spp. leaf remains in the second (2009) survey compared to the first (2000) probably due to a longer time interval (5 vs. 10� months) between macrophyte and sediment sampling. Nevertheless, the macrofossils reliably recorded both the main shift in the contemporary vegetation (e.g. especially increases in Ceratophyllum spp. and P. crispus abundance) and other more subtle floristic changes (e.g. increases in Myriophyllum spicatum and Lemna spp.) exceptionally well. This study highlights the huge potential of macrofossils for tracking sub-decadal changes in the aquatic vegetation of small, shallow lakes.
    Keywords Lemna ; Elodea ; Myriophyllum spicatum ; Ranunculus ; lakes ; vegetation ; leaves ; Chara ; Potamogeton ; freshwater ; Nitella flexilis ; sediments ; surveys ; Ceratophyllum ; Zannichellia
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0939-6314
    Database AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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  10. Article: Ecological sensitivity of marl lakes to nutrient enrichment: evidence from Hawes Water, UK

    Wiik, Emma / Bennion, Helen / Sayer, Carl D. / Davidson, Thomas A. / McGowan, Suzanne / Patmore, Ian R. / Clarke, Stewart J.

    Freshwater biology

    Volume v. 60,, Issue no. 1

    Abstract: Highly calcareous (marl) lakes are infrequent but important freshwater ecosystems, protected under the EU Habitats and Species Directive. Chara lakes have been considered resistant to eutrophication owing to the self‐stabilising properties of charophyte ... ...

    Abstract Highly calcareous (marl) lakes are infrequent but important freshwater ecosystems, protected under the EU Habitats and Species Directive. Chara lakes have been considered resistant to eutrophication owing to the self‐stabilising properties of charophyte meadows. However, the opposite is suggested by the large‐scale biodiversity declines in marl lake taxa in Europe, and evidence of charophyte sensitivity to eutrophication. We combined contemporary, palaeolimnological and archival methods to investigate the eutrophication of Hawes Water, a shallow marl lake in north‐west England (U.K.). Changes in aquatic macrophyte and invertebrate communities were reconstructed through the analysis of historical macrophyte surveys and sedimentary plant and animal macrofossils in two dated sediment cores from the littoral and deep zones of the lake. In addition, chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments were analysed to track changes in primary production from benthic and pelagic areas. Substantial changes in macrophyte communities were detected over centennial timescales, suggesting high ecosystem sensitivity considering the presently moderate phosphorus concentrations in Hawes Water (mean annual total phosphorus 20 μg L⁻¹). Two apparent periods of threshold‐like change were identified from the sediment record: (i) changes in cyanobacteria (aphanizophyll + myxoxanthophyll to canthaxanthin + zeaxanthin) and potentially in nutrient stoichiometry, reductions in the maximum macrophyte colonisation depth and water clarity, reduced charophyte and Potamogeton diversity, and increases in Nymphaeaceae; and (ii) severe reductions in light availability inferred from subdecadal doubling in phytoplankton abundance, substantial increases in Daphnia abundance and the extinction of charophytes from higher water depths. Further, change in both the littoral and deeper water has confined key marl lake taxa to smaller niches. In the littoral, increasing siltation and reed and Nymphaeaceae densities caused extinction of Littorella uniflora in the early 1900s and have reduced the evenness of Characeae with suspected imminent extinction of two highly localised Chara spp. In the deeper water, upslope creep of maximum colonisation depth has reduced habitat for intermediate‐depth marl lake taxa leading to the loss of four Potamogeton and one Chara species, and replacement of these taxa by Nuphar lutea. The large changes in macrophyte community composition and increased incidences of turbid water have reduced the distinctive and valued marl lake features of Hawes Water, indicating that marl lakes can, as a habitat type, be highly sensitive to eutrophication. The persistence of abundant generalist macrophyte species at considerable water depth may be a feature of high‐alkalinity lakes in clearwater, macrophyte‐dominated states, but is a distinct eutrophication response in marl lakes rather than an indication of resistance to eutrophication.
    Keywords zeaxanthin ; water quality ; phytoplankton ; lakes ; invertebrates ; Potamogeton ; freshwater ecosystems ; littoral zone ; sediments ; extinction ; community structure ; stoichiometry ; biodiversity ; macrophytes ; marl ; meadows ; phosphorus ; primary productivity ; Daphnia ; Nuphar lutea ; chlorophyll ; canthaxanthin ; Chara ; European Union ; eutrophication ; surveys ; Littorella uniflora ; niches
    Language English
    Document type Article
    ISSN 0046-5070
    Database AGRIS - International Information System for the Agricultural Sciences and Technology

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