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Article ; Online: Coinfections in wildlife

Axel O G Hoarau / Patrick Mavingui / Camille Lebarbenchon

PLoS Pathogens, Vol 16, Iss 9, p e

Focus on a neglected aspect of infectious disease epidemiology.

2020 Volume 1008790

Keywords	Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Variants on Réunion Island, France, 2021

Alizé Mercier / David A. Wilkinson / Camille Lebarbenchon / Patrick Mavingui / Luce Yemadje-Menudier

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol 28, Iss 4, Pp 895-

2022 Volume 898

Abstract: In January 2021, after detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, genomic surveillance was established on Réunion Island to track the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineages and variants of concern. This ... ...

Abstract	In January 2021, after detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, genomic surveillance was established on Réunion Island to track the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineages and variants of concern. This system identified 22 SARS-CoV-2 lineages, 71% of which were attributed to the Beta variant
Keywords	COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; viruses ; respiratory infections ; zoonoses ; Medicine ; R ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Associated risk factors of severe dengue in Reunion Island

Mathys Carras / Olivier Maillard / Julien Cousty / Patrick Gérardin / Malik Boukerrou / Loïc Raffray / Patrick Mavingui / Patrice Poubeau / André Cabie / Antoine Bertolotti

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 17, Iss 4, p e

A prospective cohort study.

2023 Volume 0011260

Abstract: Background Since 2018, a dengue epidemic has been raging annually in Reunion Island, which poses the major problem of its morbidity and mortality. However, there is no consensus in the literature on factors associated with severity of illness. The ... ...

Abstract	Background Since 2018, a dengue epidemic has been raging annually in Reunion Island, which poses the major problem of its morbidity and mortality. However, there is no consensus in the literature on factors associated with severity of illness. The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with the occurrence of severe dengue (SD) according to the criteria adopted in 2009 by the World Health Organization (WHO), during the 2019 epidemic. Methodology/principal findings A total of 163 patients with RT-PCR-confirmed dengue were included in a multicenter prospective cohort study in Reunion Island between January and June 2019. Of these, 37 (23%) were classified as SD, which involves presentation dominated by at least one organ failure, and 126 (77%) classified as non-SD (of which 90 (71%) had warning signs). Confusion, dehydration, and relative hypovolemia were significantly associated with SD in bivariate analysis (p < 0.05). The factors associated with SD in multivariate analysis were a time from first symptom to hospital consultation over 2 days (OR: 2.46, CI: 1.42-4.27), a history of cardiovascular disease (OR: 2.75, 95%CI: 1.57-4.80) and being of Western European origin (OR: 17.60, CI: 4.15-74). Conclusions/significance This study confirms that SD is a frequent cause of hospitalization during dengue epidemics in Reunion Island. It suggests that cardiovascular disease, Western European origin, and delay in diagnosis and management are risk factors associated with SD fever, and that restoration of blood volume and correction of dehydration must be performed early to be effective. Trial registration NCT01099852; clinicaltrials.gov.
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	610 ; 910
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Tracking Animal Reservoirs of Pathogenic Leptospira

Yann Gomard / Koussay Dellagi / Steven M. Goodman / Patrick Mavingui / Pablo Tortosa

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Vol 6, Iss 205, p

The Right Test for the Right Claim

2021 Volume 205

Abstract: Leptospirosis is the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis worldwide and, in this context, has been extensively investigated through the One Health framework. Diagnosis of human leptospirosis includes molecular and serological tools, with the serological ... ...

Abstract	Leptospirosis is the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis worldwide and, in this context, has been extensively investigated through the One Health framework. Diagnosis of human leptospirosis includes molecular and serological tools, with the serological Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) still being considered as the gold standard. Mammals acting as reservoirs of the pathogen include species or populations that are able to maintain chronic infection and shed the bacteria via their urine into the environment. Animals infected by Leptospira are often identified using the same diagnosis tool as in humans, i.e., serological MAT. However, this tool may lead to misinterpretations as it can signal previous infection but does not provide accurate information regarding the capacity of animals to maintain chronic infection and, hence, participate in the transmission cycle. We employ in this paper previously published data and present original results on introduced and endemic small mammals from Indian Ocean islands to show that MAT should not be used for the identification of Leptospira reservoirs. By contrast, serological data are informative on the level of exposure of animals living in a specific environment. We present a sequential methodology to investigate human leptospirosis in the One Health framework that associates molecular detection in humans and animals, together with MAT of human samples using Leptospira isolates obtained from reservoir animals occurring in the same environment.
Keywords	Leptospira ; animal reservoir ; One Health ; MAT ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Bat pathogens hit the road

Léa Joffrin / Muriel Dietrich / Patrick Mavingui / Camille Lebarbenchon

PLoS Pathogens, Vol 14, Iss 8, p e

But which one?

2018 Volume 1007134

Keywords	Immunologic diseases. Allergy ; RC581-607 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Overview of dengue outbreaks in the southwestern Indian Ocean and analysis of factors involved in the shift toward endemicity in Reunion Island

Sarah Hafsia / Marion Haramboure / David Arthur Wilkinson / Thierry Baldet / Luce Yemadje-Menudier / Muriel Vincent / Annelise Tran / Célestine Atyame / Patrick Mavingui

PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 16, Iss 7, p e

A systematic review.

2022 Volume 0010547

Abstract: Background Dengue is the world's most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease. It is endemic in many tropical and subtropical countries and represents a significant global health burden. The first reports of dengue virus (DENV) circulation in the South ... ...

Abstract	Background Dengue is the world's most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease. It is endemic in many tropical and subtropical countries and represents a significant global health burden. The first reports of dengue virus (DENV) circulation in the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands date back to the early 1940s; however, an increase in DENV circulation has been reported in the SWIO in recent years. The aim of this review is to trace the history of DENV in the SWIO islands using available records from the Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Seychelles, and Reunion. We focus in particular on the most extensive data from Reunion Island, highlighting factors that may explain the observed increasing incidence, and the potential shift from one-off outbreaks to endemic dengue transmission. Methods Following the PRISMA guidelines, the literature review focused queried different databases using the keywords "dengue" or "Aedes albopictus" combined with each of the following SWIO islands the Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mayotte, Seychelles, and Reunion. We also compiled case report data for dengue in Mayotte and Reunion in collaboration with the regional public health agencies in these French territories. References and data were discarded when original sources were not identified. We examined reports of climatic, anthropogenic, and mosquito-related factors that may influence the maintenance of dengue transmission independently of case importation linked to travel. Findings and conclusions The first report of dengue circulation in the SWIO was documented in 1943 in the Comoros. Then not until an outbreak in 1976 to 1977 that affected approximately 80% of the population of the Seychelles. DENV was also reported in 1977 to 1978 in Reunion with an estimate of nearly 30% of the population infected. In the following 40-year period, DENV circulation was qualified as interepidemic with sporadic cases. However, in recent years, the region has experienced uninterrupted DENV transmission at elevated incidence. Since 2017, ...
Keywords	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ; RC955-962 ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: A population in perpetual motion

Samantha Aguillon / Gildas Le Minter / Camille Lebarbenchon / Axel O. G. Hoarau / Céline Toty / Léa Joffrin / Riana V. Ramanantsalama / Stéphane Augros / Pablo Tortosa / Patrick Mavingui / Muriel Dietrich

Ecology and Evolution, Vol 13, Iss 2, Pp n/a-n/a (2023)

Highly dynamic roosting behavior of a tropical island endemic bat

2023

Abstract: Abstract Although island endemic bats are a source of considerable conservation concerns, their biology remains poorly known. Here, we studied the phenology and roosting behavior of a tropical island endemic species: the Reunion free‐tailed bat ( ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Although island endemic bats are a source of considerable conservation concerns, their biology remains poorly known. Here, we studied the phenology and roosting behavior of a tropical island endemic species: the Reunion free‐tailed bat (Mormopterus francoismoutoui). This widespread and abundant species occupies various natural and anthropogenic environments such as caves and buildings. We set up fine‐scale monitoring of 19 roosts over 27 months in Reunion Island and analyzed roost size and composition, sexual and age‐associated segregation of individuals, as well as the reproductive phenology and body condition of individuals. Based on extensive data collected from 6721 individuals, we revealed a highly dynamic roosting behavior, with marked seasonal sex‐ratio variation, linked to distinct patterns of sexual aggregation among roosts. Despite the widespread presence of pregnant females all over the island, parturition was localized in a few roosts, and flying juveniles dispersed rapidly toward all studied roosts. Our data also suggested a 7‐month delay between mating and pregnancy, highlighting a likely long interruption of the reproductive cycle in this tropical bat. Altogether, our results suggest a complex social organization in the Reunion free‐tailed bat, with important sex‐specific seasonal and spatial movements, including the possibility of altitudinal migration. Bat tracking and genetic studies would provide additional insights into the behavioral strategies that shape the biology of this enigmatic bat species. The fine‐scale spatiotemporal data revealed by our study will serve to the delineation of effective conservation plans, especially in the context of growing urbanization and agriculture expansion in Reunion Island.
Keywords	Chiroptera ; Molossidae ; reproductive seasonality ; Reunion Island ; sexual segregation ; tropical island bat ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
Subject code	910 ; 590
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Wiley
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Astrovirus in Reunion Free-tailed Bat (Mormopterus francoismoutoui)

Léa Joffrin / Axel O. G. Hoarau / Erwan Lagadec / Patrick Mavingui / Camille Lebarbenchon

Abstract: AbstractAstroviruses (AstVs) are RNA viruses responsible for infection of a large diversity of avian and mammalian species, including bats, livestock, and humans. We investigated AstV infection in a free-tailed bat species, Mormopterus francoismoutoui, ... ...

Abstract	AbstractAstroviruses (AstVs) are RNA viruses responsible for infection of a large diversity of avian and mammalian species, including bats, livestock, and humans. We investigated AstV infection in a free-tailed bat species, Mormopterus francoismoutoui, endemic to Reunion Island. A total of 190 guano samples were collected in a maternity colony during 19 different sampling sessions, between June 2016 and June 2017. Biological material was tested for the presence of the AstV RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase (RdRp) gene with a pan-AstV semi-nested polymerase chain reaction assay. In total, 15 guano samples (7.9%) tested positive, with high genetic diversity of the partial RdRp gene sequences among positive samples. A phylogenetic analysis further revealed that the detected viruses were genetically related to AstVs reported in reptiles, dogs, and pigs, but did not cluster with AstVs commonly found in bats. Although more investigation need to be conducted to assess the level of infected bats in the studied population, our findings suggest that Reunion free-tailed bats are exposed to AstV, and that cross-species transmission may occur with other hosts sharing the same habitat.
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	biorxiv
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/774224
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Seasonality of coronavirus shedding in tropical bats

Léa Joffrin / Axel O. G. Hoarau / Erwan Lagadec / Olalla Torrontegi / Marie Köster / Gildas Le Minter / Muriel Dietrich / Patrick Mavingui / Camille Lebarbenchon

Royal Society Open Science, Vol 9, Iss

2022 Volume 2

Abstract: Anticipating cross-species transmission of zoonotic diseases requires an understanding of pathogen infection dynamics within natural reservoir hosts. Although bats might be a source of coronaviruses (CoVs) for humans, the drivers of infection dynamics in ...

Abstract	Anticipating cross-species transmission of zoonotic diseases requires an understanding of pathogen infection dynamics within natural reservoir hosts. Although bats might be a source of coronaviruses (CoVs) for humans, the drivers of infection dynamics in bat populations have received limited attention. We conducted a fine-scale 2-year longitudinal study of CoV infection dynamics in the largest colony of Reunion free-tailed bats (Mormopterus francoismoutoui), a tropical insectivorous species. Real-time PCR screening of 1080 fresh individual faeces samples collected during the two consecutive years revealed an extreme variation of the detection rate of bats shedding viruses over the birthing season (from 0% to 80%). Shedding pulses were repeatedly observed and occurred both during late pregnancy and within two months after parturition. An additional shedding pulse at the end of the second year suggests some inter-annual variations. We also detected viral RNA in bat guano up to three months after bats had left the cave. Our results highlight the importance of fine-scale longitudinal studies to capture the rapid change of bat CoV infection over months, and that CoV shedding pulses in bats may increase spillover risk.
Keywords	alpha-coronavirus ; disease ecology ; longitudinal study ; Indian Ocean ; Molossidae ; Reunion Island ; Science ; Q
Subject code	551
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	The Royal Society
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The SARS-CoV-2 spike residues 616/644 and 1138/1169 delineate two antibody epitopes in COVID-19 mRNA COMINARTY vaccine (Pfizer/BioNTech)

Jessica Andries / Wildriss Viranaicken / Colette Cordonin / Charline Herrscher / Cynthia Planesse / Bénédicte Roquebert / Marie Lagrange-Xelot / Chaker El-Kalamouni / Olivier Meilhac / Patrick Mavingui / David Couret / Gilles Gadea / Philippe Despres

Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2022 Volume 13

Abstract: Abstract The newly identified coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the worldwide pandemic COVID-19. Considerable efforts have been devoted for the development of effective vaccine strategies against COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has been ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The newly identified coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the worldwide pandemic COVID-19. Considerable efforts have been devoted for the development of effective vaccine strategies against COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has been identified as the major antigen candidate for the development of COVID-19 vaccines. The Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine comirnaty is a lipid nanoparticle-encapsulated mRNA encoding a full-length and prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. In the present study, synthetic peptide-based ELISA assays were performed to identify linear B-cell epitopes into the spike protein that contribute to elicitation of antibody response in comirnaty-vaccinated individuals. The synthetic S2P6 peptide containing the spike residues 1138/1169 and to a lesser extent, the synthetic S1P4 peptide containing the spike residues 616/644 were recognized by the immune sera from comirnaty vaccine recipients but not COVID-19 recovered patients. We assume that the synthetic S2P6 peptide and to a lesser extent the synthetic S1P4 peptide, could be of interest to measure the dynamic of antibody response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. The S2P6 peptide has been identified as immunogenic in adult BALB/c mice that received protein-peptide conjugates in a prime-boost schedule. This raises the question on the role of the B-cell epitope peptide containing the SARS-CoV-2 spike residues 1138/1169 in protective efficacy of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine comirnaty.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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