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  1. AU="Paul J. Burgess"
  2. AU="Valek, Lucie"
  3. AU="Mandal, Surajit"
  4. AU="Krumm, Laura"
  5. AU="Shimura, Hidetoshi"
  6. AU="Munguia-Lopez, Jose Gil"
  7. AU="Eysert, Fanny"
  8. AU="Qazi Arisa, Fakhar Ali"
  9. AU="Guan, Yunshan"
  10. AU="Ayachi, Jihene"
  11. AU="Boulvard Chollet, Xavier L E"
  12. AU="Kwon, Sohee"
  13. AU=Fra-Bido Sigrid
  14. AU="Delgado, Teresa Cardoso"
  15. AU="Judy Ly"
  16. AU="E Richtig"
  17. AU="Jones, D. C."
  18. AU="Revillet, Hélène" AU="Revillet, Hélène"
  19. AU="Lee, Ji Ye"
  20. AU="Yoshinaga, Kazuaki"
  21. AU="Moturi, Krishna"
  22. AU="Loizeau, J"
  23. AU="Gentry, Matthew S"
  24. AU="Drury, Lucy S"
  25. AU="Caraman, Irina"

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  1. Artikel ; Online: Reduced grazing and changes in the area of agroforestry in Europe

    Judit Rubio-Delgado / Susanne Schnabel / Paul J. Burgess / Sara Burbi

    Frontiers in Environmental Science, Vol

    2023  Band 11

    Abstract: Agroforestry integrates woody vegetation with crop and/or livestock production to benefit from the ecological and economic interactions. The objective of this paper is to systematically determine the spatial distribution of agroforestry in the EU, and ... ...

    Abstract Agroforestry integrates woody vegetation with crop and/or livestock production to benefit from the ecological and economic interactions. The objective of this paper is to systematically determine the spatial distribution of agroforestry in the EU, and changes in the areas and types of agroforestry from 2009 to 2018. This was achieved using the Land Use/Cover Area Statistical (LUCAS) dataset. Agroforestry was categorised into silvopastoral, silvoarable, agrosilvopastoral, grazed permanent crops, intercropped permanent crops and kitchen gardens systems. In our categorisation of ‘agroforestry’, sites combing trees and shrubs with understorey grass or forage were required to show evidence of grazing. In 2018, the total area of agroforestry in the EU28 was 114,621 km2 equivalent to 6.4% of the utilised agricultural area (UAA), and a majority located in the Mediterranean bioregion. Silvopastoral was the most widespread system, representing 81% of the total agroforestry area (5% of UAA), with almost a third of that area present in Spain. An initial analysis of the LUCAS data suggested that the area of agroforestry increased from 2009 to 2012, before declining from 2012 to 2018. However our subsequent analysis suggests that the area of agroforestry in 2009 was underestimated due to a mis-categorisation of some grazing areas. After making corrections, we calculated that the area of agroforestry (using the above definitions) in the EU23 (a full-time sequence for the EU28 is unavailable) declined by 47% between 2009 and 2018. This decline is primarily due to a reduction in outdoor grazing, perhaps driven by reduced livestock numbers and/or permanent livestock housing. The only agroforestry system showing an increase was kitchen gardens (7%). The paper highlights the usefulness of the LUCAS dataset for studying the extent of agroforestry in Europe, but also potential limitations in terms of the consistency of the location of data points and the categorisation of grazing. The paper also argues that although the area of ...
    Schlagwörter agroforestry ; European Union ; land use changes ; spatial analysis ; LUCAS data ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 571
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Frontiers Media S.A.
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
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  2. Artikel ; Online: Identifying Sustainable Nitrogen Management Practices for Tea Plantations

    Rhys Rebello / Paul J. Burgess / Nicholas T. Girkin

    Nitrogen, Vol 3, Iss 3, Pp 43-

    2022  Band 57

    Abstract: Tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. It is mostly grown in the tropics with a heavy dependence on mineral nitrogen (N) fertilisers to maintain high yields while minimising the areas under cultivation. However, N ... ...

    Abstract Tea ( Camellia sinensis L.) is the most widely consumed beverage in the world. It is mostly grown in the tropics with a heavy dependence on mineral nitrogen (N) fertilisers to maintain high yields while minimising the areas under cultivation. However, N is often applied in excess of crop requirements, resulting in substantial adverse environmental impacts. We conducted a systematic literature review, synthesising the findings from 48 studies to assess the impacts of excessive N application on soil health, and identify sustainable, alternative forms of N management. High N applications lead to soil acidification, N leaching to surface and groundwater, and the emission of greenhouse gases including nitrous oxide (N 2 O). We identified a range of alternative N management practices, the use of organic fertilisers, a mixture of organic and inorganic fertilisers, controlled release fertilisers, nitrification inhibitors and soil amendments including biochar. While many practices result in reduced N loading or mitigate some adverse impacts, major trade-offs include lower yields, and in some instances increased N 2 O emissions. Practices are also frequently trialled in isolation, meaning there may be a missed opportunity from assessing synergistic effects. Moreover, adoption rates of alternatives are low due to a lack of knowledge amongst farmers, and/or financial barriers. The use of site-specific management practices which incorporate local factors (for example climate, tea variety, irrigation requirements, site slope, and fertiliser type) are therefore recommended to improve sustainable N management practices in the long term.
    Schlagwörter tea ; fertiliser ; soil amendments ; biochar ; nitrification inhibitor ; application rate ; Ecology ; QH540-549.5
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 910
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  3. Artikel ; Online: On-farm greenhouse gas emissions associated with the cultivation of two new bioenergy crops in the UK

    Laura Cumplido-Marin / Anil R. Graves / Paul J. Burgess / Adrian Williams

    Energy Nexus, Vol 8, Iss , Pp 100162- (2022)

    2022  

    Abstract: Before using novel energy crops to produce bioenergy, feasibility studies should be completed to determine their effect on net greenhouse gas emissions. The current study developed a model to study the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the ... ...

    Abstract Before using novel energy crops to produce bioenergy, feasibility studies should be completed to determine their effect on net greenhouse gas emissions. The current study developed a model to study the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the cultivation of two novel bioenergy crops: Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby and Silphium perfoliatum L., using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines. The establishment and cultivation of Sida hermaphrodita and Silphium perfoliatum were compared with an arable rotation, short rotation coppice (SRC) and Miscanthus. Under the assumptions specified in the current study, including annual fertilisation and a high root: shoot ratio for Sida, the cultivation of Sida hermaphrodita and Silphium perfoliatum resulted in a mean net emission of 3.0 Mg CO2eq ha−1y−1 and mean net sequestration of 0.6 Mg CO2eq ha−1y−1 respectively over a 16 year rotation. This compared to predicted mean net emissions of 4.2 Mg CO2eq ha−1y−1 for an arable rotation, and intermediate values for the SRC and Miscanthus crop (1.0 and 2.2 Mg CO2eq ha− 1y− 1, respectively).
    Schlagwörter Cup plant ; Virginia fanpetals ; Virginia mallow ; Greenhouse gas emissions ; Bioenergy crops ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 571
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Elsevier
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    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  4. Artikel ; Online: Modelling the Interactions of Soils, Climate, and Management for Grass Production in England and Wales

    Michail L. Giannitsopoulos / Paul J. Burgess / Goetz M. Richter / Matt J. Bell / Cairistiona F. E. Topp / Julie Ingram / Taro Takahashi

    Agronomy, Vol 11, Iss 677, p

    2021  Band 677

    Abstract: This study examines the effectiveness of a model called LINGRA-N-Plus to simulate the interaction of climate, soil and management on the green leaf and total dry matter yields of ryegrass in England and Wales. The LINGRA-N-Plus model includes ... ...

    Abstract This study examines the effectiveness of a model called LINGRA-N-Plus to simulate the interaction of climate, soil and management on the green leaf and total dry matter yields of ryegrass in England and Wales. The LINGRA-N-Plus model includes modifications of the LINGRA-N model such as temperature- and moisture-dependent soil nitrogen mineralization and differential partitioning to leaves and stems with thermal time from the last harvest. The resulting model was calibrated against the green leaf and total grass yields from a harvest interval x nitrogen application experiment described by Wilman et al. (1976). When the LINGRA-N-Plus model was validated against total grass yields from nitrogen experiments at ten sites described by Morrison et al. (1980), its modelling efficiency improved greatly compared to the original LINGRA-N. High predicted yields, at zero nitrogen application, were related to soils with a high initial nitrogen content. The lowest predicted yields occurred at sites with low rainfall and shallow rooting depth; mitigating the effect of drought at such sites increased yields by up to 4 t ha −1 . The results highlight the usefulness of grass models, such as LINGRA-N-Plus, to explore the combined effects of climate, soil, and management, like nitrogen application, and harvest intervals on grass productivity.
    Schlagwörter LINGRA ; nitrogen ; soil moisture deficit ; soil organic matter ; water stress ; Agriculture ; S
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 550
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
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  5. Artikel ; Online: The three-peat challenge

    Nicholas T. Girkin / Paul J. Burgess / Lydia Cole / Hannah V. Cooper / Euridice Honorio Coronado / Scott J. Davidson / Jacqueline Hannam / Jim Harris / Ian Holman / Christopher S. McCloskey / Michelle M. McKeown / Alice M. Milner / Susan Page / Jo Smith / Dylan Young

    Carbon Management, Vol 14, Iss

    business as usual, responsible agriculture, and conservation and restoration as management trajectories in global peatlands

    2023  Band 1

    Abstract: AbstractPeatlands are a globally important carbon store, but peatland ecosystems from high latitudes to the tropics are highly degraded due to increasingly intensive anthropogenic activity, making them significant greenhouse gas (GHG) sources. Peatland ... ...

    Abstract AbstractPeatlands are a globally important carbon store, but peatland ecosystems from high latitudes to the tropics are highly degraded due to increasingly intensive anthropogenic activity, making them significant greenhouse gas (GHG) sources. Peatland restoration and conservation have been proposed as a nature-based solution to climate change, by restoring the function of peatlands as a net carbon sink, but this may have implications for many local communities who rely on income from activities associated with transformed peatlands, particularly those drained for agriculture. However, without changing the way that humans interact with and exploit peatlands in most regions, peatlands will continue to degrade and be lost. We propose that there are ultimately three potential trajectories for peatland management: business as usual, whereby peatland carbon sink capacity continues to be eroded, responsible agricultural management (with the potential to mitigate emissions, but unlikely to restore peatlands as a net carbon sink), and restoration and conservation. We term this the three-peat challenge, and propose it as a means to view the benefits of restoring peatlands for the environment, as well as the implications of such transitions for communities who rely on ecosystem services (particularly provisioning) from degraded peatlands, and the consequences arising from a lack of action. Ultimately, decisions regarding which trajectories peatlands in given localities will follow torequire principles of equitable decision-making, and support to ensure just transitions, particularly for communities who rely on peatland ecosystems to support their livelihoods.
    Schlagwörter Nature-based solutions ; peatland ; land sharing ; land sparing ; greenhouse gas emissions ; net zero ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 333
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Taylor & Francis Group
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    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  6. Artikel ; Online: Comparative economics of Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby and Silphium perfoliatum L. as bioenergy crops in Europe

    Laura Cumplido-Marin / Paul J. Burgess / Gianni Facciotto / Domenico Coaloa / Christopher Morhart / Marek Bury / Pierluigi Paris / Michael Nahm / Anil R. Graves

    Energy Nexus, Vol 6, Iss , Pp 100084- (2022)

    2022  

    Abstract: The purpose of this research was to fill the identified gap on financial data of Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby (Sida) and Silphium perfoliatum L. (Silphium), two perennial bioenergy crops that potentially provide a more sustainable alternative/complement ...

    Abstract The purpose of this research was to fill the identified gap on financial data of Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby (Sida) and Silphium perfoliatum L. (Silphium), two perennial bioenergy crops that potentially provide a more sustainable alternative/complement to other bioenergy crops. Using discounted cash flow analysis, the Net Present Values of Sida and Silphium were compared to a rotation of other arable crops including maize, and the two energy crops of short rotation coppice and Miscanthus. The analysis was completed using the SidaTim analysis tool for the UK, Italy, Germany and Poland, producing a total of four independent models. The results showed that with no subsidies, cultivating Sida was unattractive in all four countries relative to other crop options. However, Silphium, was an economically viable option in each country. Both Sida and Silphium can offer greater environmental benefits than other arable crops, and the profitability of each crop would be further enhanced if additional payments for such public services were made to farmers, and if there were secure markets for the sale of the biomass. This study is the first comparative economic analysis in West and Central Europe of the two novel energy crops in comparison to more common energy crops and an arable rotation.
    Schlagwörter Cup plant ; Virginia fanpetals ; Virginia mallow ; Economic analysis ; Production economics ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 571
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2022-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag Elsevier
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    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  7. Artikel ; Online: Deriving Wheat Crop Productivity Indicators Using Sentinel-1 Time Series

    Nikolaos-Christos Vavlas / Toby W. Waine / Jeroen Meersmans / Paul J. Burgess / Giacomo Fontanelli / Goetz M. Richter

    Remote Sensing, Vol 12, Iss 2385, p

    2020  Band 2385

    Abstract: High-frequency Earth observation (EO) data have been shown to be effective in identifying crops and monitoring their development. The purpose of this paper is to derive quantitative indicators of crop productivity using synthetic aperture radar (SAR). ... ...

    Abstract High-frequency Earth observation (EO) data have been shown to be effective in identifying crops and monitoring their development. The purpose of this paper is to derive quantitative indicators of crop productivity using synthetic aperture radar (SAR). This study shows that the field-specific SAR time series can be used to characterise growth and maturation periods and to estimate the performance of cereals. Winter wheat fields on the Rothamsted Research farm in Harpenden (UK) were selected for the analysis during three cropping seasons (2017 to 2019). Average SAR backscatter from Sentinel-1 satellites was extracted for each field and temporal analysis was applied to the backscatter cross-polarisation ratio (VH/VV). The calculation of the different curve parameters during the growing period involves i) fitting of two logistic curves to the dynamics of the SAR time series, which describe timing and intensity of growth and maturation, respectively; ii) plotting the associated first and second derivative in order to assist the determination of key stages in the crop development; and iii) exploring the correlation matrix for the derived indicators and their predictive power for yield. The results show that the day of the year of the maximum VH/VV value was negatively correlated with yield (r = −0.56), and the duration of “full” vegetation was positively correlated with yield (r = 0.61). Significant seasonal variation in the timing of peak vegetation (p = 0.042), the midpoint of growth (p = 0.037), the duration of the growing season (p = 0.039) and yield (p = 0.016) were observed and were consistent with observations of crop phenology. Further research is required to obtain a more detailed picture of the uncertainty of the presented novel methodology, as well as its validity across a wider range of agroecosystems.
    Schlagwörter Sentinel-1 ; crop development ; remote sensing ; productivity indicators ; wheat ; SAR ; Science ; Q
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 001
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
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    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  8. Artikel ; Online: University Contributions to the Circular Economy

    Ben Tirone Nunes / Simon J. T. Pollard / Paul J. Burgess / Gareth Ellis / Irel Carolina de los Rios / Fiona Charnley

    Sustainability, Vol 10, Iss 8, p

    Professing the Hidden Curriculum

    2018  Band 2719

    Abstract: In a world dominated by linear economic systems, the road to improving resource use is multi-faceted. Whilst public and private organisations are making progress in introducing sustainable practices, we ask ourselves the extent to which education ... ...

    Abstract In a world dominated by linear economic systems, the road to improving resource use is multi-faceted. Whilst public and private organisations are making progress in introducing sustainable practices, we ask ourselves the extent to which education providers are contributing to the circular economy. As engines for skills and knowledge, universities play a primary role in propelling circular economy approaches into reality and, as such, hold the potential for raising the bar on sustainable performance. A rapid evidence assessment (REA) was therefore undertaken to examine the interactions between university estate management and the circular economy. This assessment identified six pertinent themes: campus sustainability, the hidden curriculum, environmental governance, local impact, university material flows, and the role of universities as catalysts for business and examined 70 publications. A second part of the study reviewed the environmental activities of 50 universities ranked highly in terms of their environmental credentials or their environmental science courses. The results are presented and then discussed in terms of how universities can affect material flows, promote sustainability outside of the formal curriculum, and act as catalysts with business. The economic significance of universities provides an appreciable demand for circular products and services. Universities should develop “hidden curriculum” plans to promote improved environmental behaviours of staff and students. Universities can also catalyse a circular economy by working with business to improve eco-effectiveness as well as eco-efficiency. For example, projects should extend the focus from decreasing carbon footprint to achieving carbon positivity, from improving water efficiency to treating wastewater, and from recycling to reverse logistics for repurposing. Pilot projects arising from such work could provide valuable research bases and consultancy opportunities.
    Schlagwörter circular economy ; hidden curriculum ; university estate ; material flow ; environmental management ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 690
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2018-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  9. Artikel ; Online: Quantifying Regulating Ecosystem Services with Increased Tree Densities on European Farmland

    Josep Crous-Duran / Anil R. Graves / Silvestre García de Jalón / Sonja Kay / Margarida Tomé / Paul J. Burgess / Michail Giannitsopoulos / João H.N. Palma

    Sustainability, Vol 12, Iss 6676, p

    2020  Band 6676

    Abstract: Agroforestry systems have been compared to agricultural and forestry alternatives, providing a land-use solution for additional environmental benefits while maintaining similar levels of productivity. However, there is scarce research assessing such ... ...

    Abstract Agroforestry systems have been compared to agricultural and forestry alternatives, providing a land-use solution for additional environmental benefits while maintaining similar levels of productivity. However, there is scarce research assessing such patterns across a pan-European scale using a common methodology. This study aims to improve our understanding of the role of trees in three different regulating ecosystem services—(1) soil erosion, (2) nitrate leaching and (3) carbon sequestration—in traditional and innovative agroforestry systems in Europe through a consistent modeling approach. The systems’ assessment spans environmentally from the Mediterranean environmental region in Portugal to the Continental environmental region in Switzerland and Germany to the Atlantic environmental region in the United Kingdom. Modeled tree densities were compared in the different land-use alternatives, ranging from zero (agriculture with only crops or pasture) to forestry (only trees). The methodology included the use of a biophysical model (Yield-SAFE) where the quantification of the environmental benefits was integrated. Results show a consistent improvement of regulating ecosystem services can be expected when introducing trees in the farming landscapes in different environmental regions in Europe. For all the systems, the forestry alternatives presented the best results in terms of a decrease in soil erosion of 51% (±29), a decrease of nearly all the nitrate leaching (98% ± 1) and an increase in the carbon sequestration of up to 238 Mg C ha –1 (±140). However, these alternatives are limited in the variety of food, energy and/or materials provided. On the other hand, from an arable or pure-pasture alternative starting point, an increase in agroforestry tree density could also be associated with a decrease in soil erosion of up to 25% (±17), a decrease in nitrates leached of up to 52% (±34) and an increase in the carbon sequestered of 163 Mg C ha –1 (±128) while at the same time ensuring the same levels of biomass growth ...
    Schlagwörter Yield-SAFE ; process-based model ; agroforestry ; carbon sequestration ; soil erosion ; nitrate leaching ; Environmental effects of industries and plants ; TD194-195 ; Renewable energy sources ; TJ807-830 ; Environmental sciences ; GE1-350
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 333
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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  10. Artikel ; Online: Two Novel Energy Crops

    Laura Cumplido-Marin / Anil. R. Graves / Paul J. Burgess / Christopher Morhart / Pierluigi Paris / Nicolai D. Jablonowski / Gianni Facciotto / Marek Bury / Reent Martens / Michael Nahm

    Agronomy, Vol 10, Iss 928, p

    Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby and Silphium perfoliatum L.—State of Knowledge

    2020  Band 928

    Abstract: Current global temperature increases resulting from human activity threaten many ecosystems and societies, and have led to international and national policy commitments that aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Bioenergy crops provide one means of ... ...

    Abstract Current global temperature increases resulting from human activity threaten many ecosystems and societies, and have led to international and national policy commitments that aim to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Bioenergy crops provide one means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from energy production and two novel crops that could be used for this purpose are Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby and Silphium perfoliatum L. This research examined the existing scientific literature available on both crops through a systematic review. The data were collated according to the agronomy, uses, and environmental benefits of each crop. Possible challenges were associated with high initial planting costs, low yields in low rainfall areas, and for Sida hermaphrodita , vulnerability to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum . However, under appropriate environmental conditions, both crops were found to provide large yields over sustained periods of time with relatively low levels of management and could be used to produce large energy surpluses, either through direct combustion or biogas production. Other potential uses included fodder, fibre, and pharmaceutical uses. Environmental benefits included the potential for phytoremediation, and improvements to soil health, biodiversity, and pollination. The review also demonstrated that environmental benefits, such as pollination, soil health, and water quality benefits could be obtained from the use of Sida hermaphrodita and Silphium perfoliatum relative to existing bioenergy crops such as maize, whilst at the same time reducing the greenhouse gas emissions associated with energy production. Future research should examine the long-term implications of using Sida hermaphrodita and Silphium perfoliatum as well as improve knowledge on how to integrate them successfully within existing farming systems and supply chains.
    Schlagwörter bioenergy crops ; Virginia mallow ; Virginia fanpetals ; Cup plant ; Agriculture ; S
    Thema/Rubrik (Code) 333
    Sprache Englisch
    Erscheinungsdatum 2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Verlag MDPI AG
    Dokumenttyp Artikel ; Online
    Datenquelle BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (Lebenswissenschaftliche Auswahl)

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