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  1. Article ; Online: Health seeking behavior and use of medicinal plants among the Hamer ethnic group, South Omo zone, southwestern Ethiopia.

    Paulos, Biniam / Fenta, Teferi Gedif / Bisrat, Daniel / Asres, Kaleab

    Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine

    2016  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 44

    Abstract: Background: Health seeking behavior of people around the globe is affected by different socio-cultural and economic factors. In Ethiopia, people living in rural areas in particular, are noted for their use of medicinal plants as a major component of ... ...

    Abstract Background: Health seeking behavior of people around the globe is affected by different socio-cultural and economic factors. In Ethiopia, people living in rural areas in particular, are noted for their use of medicinal plants as a major component of their health care option. This study was conducted to document ethnopharmacological information of the Hamer semi-pastoralists ethnic group in southwestern Ethiopia.
    Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out whereby information on demographic characteristics, prevalence of perceived illnesses, factors associated with preference of health care seeking options, medicinal plants used and hoarded as well as some healers' socio-economic characteristics were collected using two sets of semi-structured questionnaires - one for household (HH) heads and the other for traditional healers supplemented by focus group discussions (FGDs). Households were selected using a cluster sampling followed by systematic sampling techniques; whereas healers and FGD participants were purposively selected with the assistance of local leaders and elders from the community.
    Results: The study revealed that the use of traditional medicine among the Hamer ethnic group is very high. Females preferred traditional medicine more than males. The main reasons for this preference include effectiveness, low cost and ease of availability. Malaria (gebeze) was the most frequently occurring illness in the area identified by all FGD participants. A total of 60 different medicinal plants were reported [34 by HH respondents, 14 by traditional healers and 12 by both]. Fifty-one medicinal plants were fully identified, 3 at generic level and 6 have not yet been identified.
    Conclusion: It can be concluded that traditional medical practices, particularly herbal aspect, is widely used by the Hamer ethnic group, although health seeking behavior of the community is affected by different socio-economic and cultural factors.
    MeSH term(s) Cross-Sectional Studies ; Ethiopia ; Ethnopharmacology ; Female ; Focus Groups ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Information Seeking Behavior ; Male ; Medicine, African Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-10-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1746-4269
    ISSN (online) 1746-4269
    DOI 10.1186/s13002-016-0107-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Health seeking behavior and use of medicinal plants among the Hamer ethnic group, South Omo zone, southwestern Ethiopia

    Paulos, Biniam / Daniel Bisrat / Kaleab Asres / Teferi Gedif Fenta

    Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine. 2016 Dec., v. 12, no. 1

    2016  

    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Health seeking behavior of people around the globe is affected by different socio-cultural and economic factors. In Ethiopia, people living in rural areas in particular, are noted for their use of medicinal plants as a major component of ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND: Health seeking behavior of people around the globe is affected by different socio-cultural and economic factors. In Ethiopia, people living in rural areas in particular, are noted for their use of medicinal plants as a major component of their health care option. This study was conducted to document ethnopharmacological information of the Hamer semi-pastoralists ethnic group in southwestern Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out whereby information on demographic characteristics, prevalence of perceived illnesses, factors associated with preference of health care seeking options, medicinal plants used and hoarded as well as some healers’ socio-economic characteristics were collected using two sets of semi-structured questionnaires – one for household (HH) heads and the other for traditional healers supplemented by focus group discussions (FGDs). Households were selected using a cluster sampling followed by systematic sampling techniques; whereas healers and FGD participants were purposively selected with the assistance of local leaders and elders from the community. RESULTS: The study revealed that the use of traditional medicine among the Hamer ethnic group is very high. Females preferred traditional medicine more than males. The main reasons for this preference include effectiveness, low cost and ease of availability. Malaria (gebeze) was the most frequently occurring illness in the area identified by all FGD participants. A total of 60 different medicinal plants were reported [34 by HH respondents, 14 by traditional healers and 12 by both]. Fifty-one medicinal plants were fully identified, 3 at generic level and 6 have not yet been identified. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that traditional medical practices, particularly herbal aspect, is widely used by the Hamer ethnic group, although health seeking behavior of the community is affected by different socio-economic and cultural factors.
    Keywords cross-sectional studies ; demography ; economic factors ; elderly ; females ; focus groups ; health services ; households ; malaria ; males ; medicinal plants ; medicinal properties ; nationalities and ethnic groups ; questionnaires ; rural areas ; sampling ; socioeconomics ; traditional medicine ; Ethiopia
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2016-12
    Size p. 44.
    Publishing place BioMed Central
    Document type Article
    ISSN 1746-4269
    DOI 10.1186/s13002-016-0107-x
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  3. Article: Maculansins, cryptic phytotoxins from blackleg fungi.

    Pedras, M Soledade C / Chumala, Paulos B

    Natural product communications

    2011  Volume 6, Issue 5, Page(s) 617–620

    Abstract: The phytotoxins and other metabolites produced by isolates L2/M2 of the fungal species Leptosphaeria maculans under different culture conditions, together with those of two new, but related isolates are disclosed. The common metabolic characteristics ... ...

    Abstract The phytotoxins and other metabolites produced by isolates L2/M2 of the fungal species Leptosphaeria maculans under different culture conditions, together with those of two new, but related isolates are disclosed. The common metabolic characteristics suggest a phylogenetic similarity between these isolates with potential to become widespread in mustard growing areas.
    MeSH term(s) Ascomycota/chemistry ; Ascomycota/metabolism ; Biological Products/chemistry ; Mannitol/analogs & derivatives ; Mannitol/isolation & purification ; Mannitol/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Biological Products ; maculansin A ; maculansin B ; Mannitol (3OWL53L36A)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ISSN 1934-578X
    ISSN 1934-578X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Conference proceedings: Microscopic characterization of medicinal plants commonly used in the Hamer region, South-western Ethiopia

    Rahfeld, B / Kosel, A / Paulos, B / Tadesse, S / Gedif, T / Asres, K / Dräger, B

    Planta Medica

    2013  

    Abstract: People in Ethiopia have used medicinal plants as a major component of their traditional medical practices for many centuries. Details of medicinal plant application and of healing qualities are transferred from generation to generation mainly by words of ...

    Event/congress Book of Abstracts, Münster, Germany, 2013
    Abstract People in Ethiopia have used medicinal plants as a major component of their traditional medical practices for many centuries. Details of medicinal plant application and of healing qualities are transferred from generation to generation mainly by words of mouth. This preservation of knowledge is error-prone, in particular, as plant biodiversity in Ethiopia is high and occasional confusion of species is possible. The prevalence of the use of traditional medicine among the Hamer community, south-western Ethiopia, was obtained by questionnaires which were answered by key informants including eight traditional healers and 1600 household respondents supplemented by eight focus group discussions. A total of 60 medicinal plants were reported with their local names, indication(s), parts used and method of preparations. It was found that the most widely used medicinal plants are Albizia anthelmintica Aloe otallensis Amaranthus hybridus Carissa spinarum Datura metel Lagenaria siceraria Maytenus senegalensis Moringa stenopetala Salvadora persica and Solanum incanum. More than 20 medicinal plants out of the species reported to be applied medicinally were collected for detailed microscopic analysis. The pictures will help to distinguish species and to perpetuate the traditional Ethiopian plant knowledge. The development of plant monographs with microscopic pictures of commonly used medicinal plants in Ethiopia is part of the DAAD supported project “Welcome to Africa”.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-08-21
    Publishing place Stuttgart ; New York
    Document type Article ; Conference proceedings
    ZDB-ID 123545-x
    ISSN 1439-0221 ; 0032-0943
    ISSN (online) 1439-0221
    ISSN 0032-0943
    DOI 10.1055/s-0033-1352051
    Database Thieme publisher's database

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  5. Article: Unprecedented spirocyclization of 3-methyleneindoline-2-thiones during hydrolysis of the phytoalexin cyclobrassinin

    Pedras, M. Soledade C / Abdoli, Abbas / Chumala, Paulos B / Saha, Pijus / Schatte, Gabriele

    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. 2013 Jan. 15, v. 23, no. 2

    2013  

    Abstract: The phytoalexin cyclobrassinin is a plant defense that has additional importance since it inhibits brassinin hydrolase, a phytoalexin detoxifying enzyme produced by the plant pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. Hence, the 1,3-thiazino[6,5-b]indole scaffold ...

    Abstract The phytoalexin cyclobrassinin is a plant defense that has additional importance since it inhibits brassinin hydrolase, a phytoalexin detoxifying enzyme produced by the plant pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. Hence, the 1,3-thiazino[6,5-b]indole scaffold of cyclobrassinin has great application as a lead structure to design potential inhibitors of brassinin detoxification. For this reason, it is necessary to determine whether A. brassicicola is able to transform cyclobrassinin. During this work new reactions of 1,3-thiazino[6,5-b]indoles and indoline-2-thiones and their unique [4+2] cycloaddition products were discovered and characterized.
    Keywords Alternaria brassicicola ; hydrolysis ; indoles ; phytoalexins ; plant pathogens
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-0115
    Size p. 484-487.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 1063195-1
    ISSN 1464-3405 ; 0960-894X
    ISSN (online) 1464-3405
    ISSN 0960-894X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.042
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article ; Online: Unprecedented spirocyclization of 3-methyleneindoline-2-thiones during hydrolysis of the phytoalexin cyclobrassinin.

    Pedras, M Soledade C / Abdoli, Abbas / Chumala, Paulos B / Saha, Pijus / Schatte, Gabriele

    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters

    2013  Volume 23, Issue 2, Page(s) 484–487

    Abstract: The phytoalexin cyclobrassinin is a plant defense that has additional importance since it inhibits brassinin hydrolase, a phytoalexin detoxifying enzyme produced by the plant pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. Hence, the 1,3-thiazino[6,5-b]indole scaffold ...

    Abstract The phytoalexin cyclobrassinin is a plant defense that has additional importance since it inhibits brassinin hydrolase, a phytoalexin detoxifying enzyme produced by the plant pathogen Alternaria brassicicola. Hence, the 1,3-thiazino[6,5-b]indole scaffold of cyclobrassinin has great application as a lead structure to design potential inhibitors of brassinin detoxification. For this reason, it is necessary to determine whether A. brassicicola is able to transform cyclobrassinin. During this work new reactions of 1,3-thiazino[6,5-b]indoles and indoline-2-thiones and their unique [4+2] cycloaddition products were discovered and characterized.
    MeSH term(s) Antigens, Fungal/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cyclization ; Hydrolysis ; Indoles/chemistry ; Indoles/pharmacology ; Methylene Chloride/chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Sesquiterpenes/chemistry ; Spiro Compounds/chemistry ; Thiocarbamates/chemistry ; Thiocarbamates/pharmacology ; Thiones/chemistry
    Chemical Substances Antigens, Fungal ; Indoles ; Sesquiterpenes ; Spiro Compounds ; Thiocarbamates ; Thiones ; cyclobrassinin ; brassinin (105748-59-2) ; phytoalexins (37297-20-4) ; Methylene Chloride (588X2YUY0A)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-01-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1063195-1
    ISSN 1464-3405 ; 0960-894X
    ISSN (online) 1464-3405
    ISSN 0960-894X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.11.042
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: The phytopathogenic fungi Leptosphaeria maculans and Leptosphaeria biglobosa: chemotaxonomical characterization of isolates and metabolite production in different culture media.

    Pedras, M Soledade C / Chumala, Paulos B / Yu, Yang

    Canadian journal of microbiology

    2007  Volume 53, Issue 3, Page(s) 364–371

    Abstract: Previous molecular chemotaxonomic analyses of isolates of the plant pathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not. (asexual stage Phoma lingam (Tode ex Fr.) Desm.) in a chemically defined medium suggested that this species complex was ... ...

    Abstract Previous molecular chemotaxonomic analyses of isolates of the plant pathogenic fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not. (asexual stage Phoma lingam (Tode ex Fr.) Desm.) in a chemically defined medium suggested that this species complex was composed of at least three distinct groups. Subsequently, a group within L. maculans was classified as Leptosphaeria biglobosa, on the basis of morphologic characteristics and the lack of sexual crossing. To obtain clarification regarding the metabolite profiles of the various groups or species of blackleg fungi, the objectives of this work were (i) to determine the chemical structures of metabolites produced by Canadian V isolates and Polish-type isolates in potato dextrose broth (PDB) and (ii) to determine the chemotaxonomic relationship among French isolates of L. biglobosa and among Canadian W isolates and Thlaspi isolates of L. maculans. Here, we report for the first time that Canadian V isolates grown in PDB produced 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzaldehyde, a metabolite never reported from L. maculans, but none of the usual phytotoxins (sirodesmins). In addition, we report a new metabolite, 2-[2-(5-hydroxybenzofuranyl)]-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanenitrile, from Polish-type isolates of L. maculans grown in PDB and the metabolite profiles of 16 Thlaspi isolates. The metabolite profiles of Thlaspi isolates indicate that these are part of two distinct groups, the Polish W group and the Canadian W group, i.e., L. biglobosa. Finally, we demonstrate that the metabolite profiles of the French isolates classified as L. biglobosa are similar to those of Canadian W isolates.
    MeSH term(s) Ascomycota/classification ; Ascomycota/growth & development ; Ascomycota/isolation & purification ; Ascomycota/metabolism ; Benzaldehydes/chemistry ; Benzaldehydes/metabolism ; Brassica/microbiology ; Canada ; Culture Media/chemistry ; France ; Glucose/metabolism ; Microbiological Techniques ; Mycological Typing Techniques ; Nitriles/chemistry ; Nitriles/metabolism ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Poland ; Solanum tuberosum/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Benzaldehydes ; Culture Media ; Nitriles ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2007-03
    Publishing country Canada
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 280534-0
    ISSN 1480-3275 ; 0008-4166
    ISSN (online) 1480-3275
    ISSN 0008-4166
    DOI 10.1139/W06-133
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: New sesquiterpenic phytotoxins establish unprecedented relationship between different groups of blackleg fungal isolates.

    Pedras, M Soledade C / Chumala, Paulos B / Venkatesham, Uppala

    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry

    2005  Volume 13, Issue 7, Page(s) 2469–2475

    Abstract: A comprehensive search for sesquiterpenic metabolites produced by isolates of the blackleg fungus [Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.)] Ces. et de Not. [asexual stage Phoma lingam (Tode ex Fr.) Desm.] revealed that an isolate pathogenic on both canola and ... ...

    Abstract A comprehensive search for sesquiterpenic metabolites produced by isolates of the blackleg fungus [Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.)] Ces. et de Not. [asexual stage Phoma lingam (Tode ex Fr.) Desm.] revealed that an isolate pathogenic on both canola and brown mustard (IBCN 18) and two isolates pathogenic on brown mustard (Laird 2 and Mayfair 2) produced similar sesquiterpenes. The isolation, chemical structure elucidation, and phytotoxicity of these new sesquiterpenes with silphinene and selinene type skeletons is reported. This is the first time that an isolate virulent on canola and brown mustard is found to produce metabolites characteristic of both virulent (sirodesmins) and avirulent (phomalairdenones) L. maculans/P. lingam. In the context of grouping the various isolates of L. maculans/P. lingam, this work suggests an additional pathogenicity group comprising isolates that produce both sirodesmins and phomalairdenones and are virulent on both canola and brown mustard.
    MeSH term(s) Ascomycota/chemistry ; Ascomycota/classification ; Ascomycota/isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Sesquiterpenes/chemistry ; Sesquiterpenes/metabolism ; Stereoisomerism ; Toxins, Biological/chemistry ; Toxins, Biological/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Sesquiterpenes ; Toxins, Biological
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-04-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1161284-8
    ISSN 1464-3391 ; 0968-0896
    ISSN (online) 1464-3391
    ISSN 0968-0896
    DOI 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.01.040
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Phomapyrones from blackleg causing phytopathogenic fungi: isolation, structure determination, biosyntheses and biological activity.

    Pedras, M Soledade C / Chumala, Paulos B

    Phytochemistry

    2005  Volume 66, Issue 1, Page(s) 81–87

    Abstract: The isolation and structure determination of phomapyrones D-G, three 2-pyrones and a coumarin, from a group of isolates of the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not., asexual stage Phoma lingam (Tode ex Fr.) Desm, is reported. As ... ...

    Abstract The isolation and structure determination of phomapyrones D-G, three 2-pyrones and a coumarin, from a group of isolates of the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. et de Not., asexual stage Phoma lingam (Tode ex Fr.) Desm, is reported. As well, phomenin B, infectopyrone, and polanrazines B and C were also obtained for the first time from these isolates. In addition, based on results of incorporations of 13C-labeled acetate and malonate, and deuterated methionine, a polyketide pathway is proposed for the biosyntheses of phomapyrones.
    MeSH term(s) Ascomycota/chemistry ; Ascomycota/metabolism ; Brassica napus/microbiology ; Molecular Structure ; Mustard Plant/microbiology ; Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Pyrones/chemistry ; Pyrones/isolation & purification ; Pyrones/metabolism ; Sinapis/microbiology
    Chemical Substances Pyrones
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 208884-8
    ISSN 1873-3700 ; 0031-9422
    ISSN (online) 1873-3700
    ISSN 0031-9422
    DOI 10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.10.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: A Complex Coacervate Formulation for Delivery of Colletotrichum truncatum 00-003B1

    Hynes, Russell K / Chumala, Paulos B / Hupka, Daniel / Peng, Gary

    Weed technology. 2010 Apr., v. 24, no. 2

    2010  

    Abstract: A complex coacervate formulation was developed for Colletotrichum truncatum 00-003B1 (Ct), a bioherbicidal fungus against scentless chamomile, and tested in the greenhouse. A two-step process was developed to formulate Ct conidia: (1) invert emulsion ... ...

    Abstract A complex coacervate formulation was developed for Colletotrichum truncatum 00-003B1 (Ct), a bioherbicidal fungus against scentless chamomile, and tested in the greenhouse. A two-step process was developed to formulate Ct conidia: (1) invert emulsion preparation -- emulsify an aqueous suspension of Ct conidia in nonrefined vegetable oil with the aid of a surfactant, and (2) encapsulate the Ct conidia invert emulsion by complex coacervation. Formulation ingredients, including nonrefined vegetable oils, surfactants, proteins, and carbohydrates, and formulation-processing parameters, including mixing speed and the amount of oil added to invert emulsions, were examined for maximum retention of Ct conidia in the formulation. Most formulation ingredients considered and tested in this study were compatible with Ct, with no significant reduction in conidial germination and mycelial growth. The surfactant soya lecithin promoted the greatest retention of Ct conidia (88%) in the invert emulsion, followed by sorbitan monooleate (82%), glycerol monooleate (70%), and sorbitan trioleate (55%). Optimal retention of Ct conidia in the invert emulsion was observed with a wateroil ratio of 11.8 to 13.7, and an overhead paddle stirring speed of 300 rpm when preparing the emulsion. Complex coacervate wall ingredients of 1% gelatin and 2% gum arabic were most effective for Ct conidia retention. In greenhouse studies, scentless chamomile disease rating, following a 24-h dew period, was higher on plants sprayed with the Ct conidia complex coacervate formulation than on plants with Ct conidia suspended in 0.1% Tween 80.
    Keywords Tripleurospermum perforatum ; broadleaf weeds ; weed control ; Colletotrichum truncatum ; mycoherbicides ; biopesticides ; pesticide formulations ; greenhouse experimentation ; conidia ; emulsions ; vegetable oil ; surfactants ; encapsulation ; ingredients ; proteins ; carbohydrates ; processing stages ; optimization ; viability
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2010-05
    Size p. 185-192.
    Document type Article
    Note Summary in Spanish.
    ZDB-ID 743243-4
    ISSN 1550-2740 ; 0890-037X
    ISSN (online) 1550-2740
    ISSN 0890-037X
    DOI 10.1614/WT-D-09-00008.1
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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