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Article: Fasting Serum Levels of Potassium and Sodium in Relation to Long-Term Risk of Cancer in Healthy Men.

Falk, Ragnhild S / Heir, Trond / Robsahm, Trude E / Tretli, Steinar / Sandvik, Leiv / Erikssen, Jan E / Paulsen, Jan E

2020 Volume 12, Page(s) 1–8

Abstract: Purpose: To examine whether serum levels of potassium and sodium were associated with long-term cancer risk in initially healthy men.: Patients and methods: A cohort of 1994 initially healthy men with no use of medication, aged 40-59 years, was ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: To examine whether serum levels of potassium and sodium were associated with long-term cancer risk in initially healthy men. Patients and methods: A cohort of 1994 initially healthy men with no use of medication, aged 40-59 years, was followed for cancer during 40 years of follow-up. Associations between fasting electrolyte levels and cancer risk were assessed with incidence rates and Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Potassium, but not sodium, was linearly associated with cancer risk. This association remained significant after adjustment of several potential confounding factors, and also after excluding the first 10 years of follow-up. The age-adjusted risk of all-site cancer increased with 16% for each SD increase in potassium level. Men with hyperkalemia showed an incidence rate that was 40% higher than for men with normal potassium levels. Conclusion: Fasting serum potassium level in healthy men was positively associated with long-term cancer risk. Potassium or potassium ion channels may have a role in cell proliferation or differentiation. These findings might imply future cancer strategies for targeting individuals with high serum potassium levels.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-09
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2494772-6
ISSN	1179-1349
ISSN	1179-1349
DOI	10.2147/CLEP.S216438
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Article ; Online: Maternal exposure to a human relevant mixture of persistent organic pollutants reduces colorectal carcinogenesis in A/J Min/+ mice.

Johanson, Silje M / Swann, Jonathan R / Umu, Özgün C O / Aleksandersen, Mona / Müller, Mette H B / Berntsen, Hanne F / Zimmer, Karin E / Østby, Gunn C / Paulsen, Jan E / Ropstad, Erik

Chemosphere

2020 Volume 252, Page(s) 126484

Abstract: An increased risk of developing colorectal cancer has been associated with exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and alteration in the gut bacterial community. However, there is limited understanding about the impact of maternal exposure to ... ...

Abstract	An increased risk of developing colorectal cancer has been associated with exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and alteration in the gut bacterial community. However, there is limited understanding about the impact of maternal exposure to POPs on colorectal cancer and gut microbiota. This study characterized the influence of exposure to a human relevant mixture of POPs during gestation and lactation on colorectal cancer, intestinal metabolite composition and microbiota in the A/J Min/+ mouse model. Surprisingly, the maternal POP exposure decreased colonic tumor burden, as shown by light microscopy and histopathological evaluation, indicating a restriction of colorectal carcinogenesis.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Carcinogenesis ; Carcinogens/metabolism ; Carcinogens/toxicity ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms/chemically induced ; Environmental Pollutants/metabolism ; Environmental Pollutants/toxicity ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/genetics ; Humans ; Lactation ; Maternal Exposure/statistics & numerical data ; Metabolomics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Microbiota ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Chemical Substances	Carcinogens ; Environmental Pollutants ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126484
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Article: Maternal exposure to a human relevant mixture of persistent organic pollutants reduces colorectal carcinogenesis in A/J Min/+ mice

Johanson, Silje M / Swann, Jonathan R / Umu, Özgün C.O / Aleksandersen, Mona / Müller, Mette H.B / Berntsen, Hanne F / Zimmer, Karin E / Østby, Gunn C / Paulsen, Jan E / Ropstad, Erik

Chemosphere. 2020 Mar. 12,

2020

Abstract	An increased risk of developing colorectal cancer has been associated with exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and alteration in the gut bacterial community. However, there is limited understanding about the impact of maternal exposure to POPs on colorectal cancer and gut microbiota. This study characterized the influence of exposure to a human relevant mixture of POPs during gestation and lactation on colorectal cancer, intestinal metabolite composition and microbiota in the A/J Min/+ mouse model. Surprisingly, the maternal POP exposure decreased colonic tumor burden, as shown by light microscopy and histopathological evaluation, indicating a restriction of colorectal carcinogenesis. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolomic analysis identified alterations in the metabolism of amino acids, lipids, glycerophospholipids and energy in intestinal tissue. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing of gut microbiota indicated that maternal exposure modified fecal bacterial composition. In conclusion, the results showed that early-life exposure to a mixture of POPs reduced colorectal cancer initiation and promotion, possibly through modulation of the microbial and biochemical environment. Further studies should focus on the development of colorectal cancer after combined maternal and dietary exposures to environmentally relevant low-dose POP mixtures.
Keywords	amino acids ; animal models ; bacterial communities ; carcinogenesis ; colorectal neoplasms ; energy ; histopathology ; humans ; intestinal microorganisms ; intestines ; lactation ; light microscopy ; lipids ; maternal exposure ; metabolism ; metabolites ; metabolomics ; mice ; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ; persistent organic pollutants ; pregnancy ; ribosomal RNA ; sequence analysis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0312
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	120089-6
ISSN	1879-1298 ; 0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
ISSN (online)	1879-1298
ISSN	0045-6535 ; 0366-7111
DOI	10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126484
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: The Agaricus blazei-Based Mushroom Extract, Andosan™, Protects against Intestinal Tumorigenesis in the A/J Min/+ Mouse.

Hetland, Geir / Eide, Dag M / Tangen, Jon M / Haugen, Mads H / Mirlashari, Mohammad R / Paulsen, Jan E

PloS one

2016 Volume 11, Issue 12, Page(s) e0167754

Abstract: Background: The novel A/J Min/+ mouse, which is a model for human Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), develops spontaneously multiple adenocarcinomas in the colon as well as in the small intestine. Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM) is an edible ... ...

Abstract	Background: The novel A/J Min/+ mouse, which is a model for human Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), develops spontaneously multiple adenocarcinomas in the colon as well as in the small intestine. Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM) is an edible Basidiomycetes mushroom that has been used in traditional medicine against cancer and other diseases. The mushroom contains immunomodulating β-glucans and is shown to have antitumor effects in murine cancer models. Andosan™ is a water extract based on AbM (82%), but it also contains the medicinal Basidiomycetes mushrooms Hericeum erinaceus and Grifola frondosa. Methods and findings: Tap water with 10% Andosan™ was provided as the only drinking water for 15 or 22 weeks to A/J Min/+ mice and A/J wild-type mice (one single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) difference), which then were exsanguinated and their intestines preserved in formaldehyde and the serum frozen. The intestines were examined blindly by microscopy and also stained for the tumor-associated protease, legumain. Serum cytokines (pro- and anti-inflammatory, Th1-, Th2 -and Th17 type) were measured by Luminex multiplex analysis. Andosan™ treated A/J Min/+ mice had a significantly lower number of adenocarcinomas in the intestines, as well as a 60% significantly reduced intestinal tumor load (number of tumors x size) compared to control. There was also reduced legumain expression in intestines from Andosan™ treated animals. Moreover, Andosan™ had a significant cytotoxic effect correlating with apoptosis on the human cancer colon cell line, Caco-2, in vitro. When examining serum from both A/J Min/+ and wild type mice, there was a significant increase in anti-tumor Th1 type and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the Andosan™ treated mice. Conclusions: The results from this mouse model for colorectal cancer shows significant protection of orally administered Andosan™ against development of intestinal cancer. This is supported by the finding of less legumain in intestines of Andosan™ treated mice and increased systemic Th1 cytokine response. The mechanism is probably both immuno-modulatory and growth inhibition of tumor cells by induction of apoptosis.
MeSH term(s)	Agaricus/chemistry ; Agaricus/metabolism ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Caco-2 Cells ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Cytokines/blood ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Intestines/metabolism ; Intestines/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Protective Agents/chemistry ; Protective Agents/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; Cytokines ; Plant Extracts ; Protective Agents ; Cysteine Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.22.-) ; asparaginylendopeptidase (EC 3.4.22.34)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0167754
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Article ; Online: Protein kinase A antagonist inhibits β-catenin nuclear translocation, c-Myc and COX-2 expression and tumor promotion in Apc Min/+ mice

Brudvik Kristoffer W / Paulsen Jan E / Aandahl Einar M / Roald Borghild / Taskén Kjetil

Molecular Cancer, Vol 10, Iss 1, p

2011 Volume 149

Abstract: Abstract Background The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein is part of the destruction complex controlling proteosomal degradation of β-catenin and limiting its nuclear translocation, which is thought to play a gate-keeping role in colorectal cancer. ...

Abstract	Abstract Background The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein is part of the destruction complex controlling proteosomal degradation of β-catenin and limiting its nuclear translocation, which is thought to play a gate-keeping role in colorectal cancer. The destruction complex is inhibited by Wnt-Frz and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) - PI-3 kinase pathways. Recent reports show that PGE 2 -induced phosphorylation of β-catenin by protein kinase A (PKA) increases nuclear translocation indicating two mechanisms of action of PGE 2 on β-catenin homeostasis. Findings Treatment of Apc Min/+ mice that spontaneously develop intestinal adenomas with a PKA antagonist (Rp-8-Br-cAMPS) selectively targeting only the latter pathway reduced tumor load, but not the number of adenomas. Immunohistochemical characterization of intestines from treated and control animals revealed that expression of β-catenin, β-catenin nuclear translocation and expression of the β-catenin target genes c-Myc and COX-2 were significantly down-regulated upon Rp-8-Br-cAMPS treatment. Parallel experiments in a human colon cancer cell line (HCT116) revealed that Rp-8-Br-cAMPS blocked PGE 2 -induced β-catenin phosphorylation and c-Myc upregulation. Conclusion Based on our findings we suggest that PGE 2 act through PKA to promote β-catenin nuclear translocation and tumor development in Apc Min/+ mice in vivo , indicating that the direct regulatory effect of PKA on β-catenin nuclear translocation is operative in intestinal cancer.
Keywords	Apc Min/+ /b-catenin ; Colorectal cancer ; COX-2 ; protein kinase A ; Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ; RC254-282 ; Internal medicine ; RC31-1245 ; Medicine ; R ; DOAJ:Oncology ; DOAJ:Medicine (General) ; DOAJ:Health Sciences
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BioMed Central
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Protein kinase A antagonist inhibits β-catenin nuclear translocation, c-Myc and COX-2 expression and tumor promotion in Apc(Min/+) mice.

Brudvik, Kristoffer W / Paulsen, Jan E / Aandahl, Einar M / Roald, Borghild / Taskén, Kjetil

Molecular cancer

2011 Volume 10, Page(s) 149

Abstract: Background: The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein is part of the destruction complex controlling proteosomal degradation of β-catenin and limiting its nuclear translocation, which is thought to play a gate-keeping role in colorectal cancer. The ... ...

Abstract	Background: The adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein is part of the destruction complex controlling proteosomal degradation of β-catenin and limiting its nuclear translocation, which is thought to play a gate-keeping role in colorectal cancer. The destruction complex is inhibited by Wnt-Frz and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) - PI-3 kinase pathways. Recent reports show that PGE(2)-induced phosphorylation of β-catenin by protein kinase A (PKA) increases nuclear translocation indicating two mechanisms of action of PGE(2) on β-catenin homeostasis. Findings: Treatment of Apc(Min/+) mice that spontaneously develop intestinal adenomas with a PKA antagonist (Rp-8-Br-cAMPS) selectively targeting only the latter pathway reduced tumor load, but not the number of adenomas. Immunohistochemical characterization of intestines from treated and control animals revealed that expression of β-catenin, β-catenin nuclear translocation and expression of the β-catenin target genes c-Myc and COX-2 were significantly down-regulated upon Rp-8-Br-cAMPS treatment. Parallel experiments in a human colon cancer cell line (HCT116) revealed that Rp-8-Br-cAMPS blocked PGE(2)-induced β-catenin phosphorylation and c-Myc upregulation. Conclusion: Based on our findings we suggest that PGE(2) act through PKA to promote β-catenin nuclear translocation and tumor development in Apc(Min/+) mice in vivo, indicating that the direct regulatory effect of PKA on β-catenin nuclear translocation is operative in intestinal cancer.
MeSH term(s)	8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/analogs & derivatives ; 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate/pharmacology ; Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein/genetics ; Animals ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology ; Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism ; Colonic Neoplasms/pathology ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics ; Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; HCT116 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc/metabolism ; Thionucleotides/pharmacology ; beta Catenin/metabolism
Chemical Substances	8-bromoadenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein ; Myc protein, mouse ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc ; Thionucleotides ; beta Catenin ; 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (23583-48-4) ; Ptgs2 protein, mouse (EC 1.14.99.-) ; Cyclooxygenase 2 (EC 1.14.99.1) ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.11)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-12-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1476-4598
ISSN (online)	1476-4598
DOI	10.1186/1476-4598-10-149
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Article: Urinary metabolites as biomarkers of acrylamide exposure in mice following dietary crisp bread administration or subcutaneous injection.

Bjellaas, Thomas / Ølstørn, Hege B A / Becher, Georg / Alexander, Jan / Knutsen, Svein H / Paulsen, Jan E

Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology

2007 Volume 100, Issue 2, Page(s) 374–380

Abstract: Heat-treated carbohydrate-rich foods may contain high levels of acrylamide (AA). Crisp bread is a significant dietary AA source in the Nordic countries. We studied whether urinary metabolites of AA could be candidate biomarkers of AA intake and internal ... ...

Abstract	Heat-treated carbohydrate-rich foods may contain high levels of acrylamide (AA). Crisp bread is a significant dietary AA source in the Nordic countries. We studied whether urinary metabolites of AA could be candidate biomarkers of AA intake and internal dose in mice following dietary crisp bread administration or sc injection. The crisp bread was experimentally baked to contain three different concentrations of AA: 0.19, 1.02, and 2.65 mg/kg, giving dietary exposures to AA of 0.024 +/- 0.002, 0.14 +/- 0.02, and 0.29 +/- 0.04 mg/kg bodyweight (bw)/day (mean +/- SD), respectively. A linear relationship was found between dietary AA exposure and urinary AA metabolites. On average, 55% of the ingested dose was recovered as urinary AA metabolites, and the molar proportions between the urinary metabolites showed similar proportions for the different doses. Urine AA metabolites were measured after sc injection of AA at doses of 0.05, 0.5, 5, and 50 mg/kg bw, and the urinary recovery for the three lowest doses was 54%. With the highest dose, 80% was recovered in urine, and the changed pattern of urinary metabolites indicated saturation of the metabolic conversion of AA to glycidamide. These results indicate that urinary metabolites of AA are good biomarkers of AA intake and internal dose up to 5 mg/kg bw/day. After sc injection of [(14)C]AA, 92% of the radioactivity was found in the urine and 2% in feces, liver, blood, and intestinal content (6% was not detected), demonstrating that sc AA was highly systemically available, that the major part AA metabolites was excreted, and that a significant portion of urinary AA metabolites (most likely glyceramide) was not accounted for by the present analytical method. Since the urinary recovery of AA after crisp bread feeding and sc injection was practically identical, an indicative "bioavailability" of AA from crisp bread was suggested to be approximately complete.
MeSH term(s)	Acrylamide/pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Biological Availability ; Biomarkers/urine ; Bread/analysis ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diet ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Environmental Pollutants/pharmacokinetics ; Food Contamination/analysis ; Hot Temperature ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Environmental Pollutants ; Acrylamide (20R035KLCI)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1420885-4
ISSN	1096-0929 ; 1096-6080
ISSN (online)	1096-0929
ISSN	1096-6080
DOI	10.1093/toxsci/kfm234
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Article: Comparison of estimated dietary intake of acrylamide with hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide and glycidamide.

Bjellaas, Thomas / Olesen, Pelle T / Frandsen, Henrik / Haugen, Margaretha / Stølen, Linn H / Paulsen, Jan E / Alexander, Jan / Lundanes, Elsa / Becher, Georg

Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology

2007 Volume 98, Issue 1, Page(s) 110–117

Abstract: In a study comprising 50 subjects, we investigated the relationship between acrylamide (AA) intake from food using food frequency questionnaires and the concentration of hemoglobin (Hb) adducts of AA and its genotoxic metabolite glycidamide (GA) as a ... ...

Abstract	In a study comprising 50 subjects, we investigated the relationship between acrylamide (AA) intake from food using food frequency questionnaires and the concentration of hemoglobin (Hb) adducts of AA and its genotoxic metabolite glycidamide (GA) as a measure of the internal exposure. A method using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with negative electrospray tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) detection for the determination of the Hb adducts as phenylthiohydantoin derivatives in human blood was developed. The limit of quantification for AA- and GA-Hb adducts were 2 and 6 pmol/g globin, respectively, and the between-assay precision was below 25%. The estimated dietary intake of AA was (median and range) 13.5 microg/day (4.1-72.6) in nonsmokers and 18.3 microg/day (7.8-32.0) in smokers. In nonsmokers, males had a higher intake than females, 16.6 microg/day (18.6-72.6) and 12.8 microg/day (4.1-30.2), respectively. Nonsmokers had a median AA and GA adduct concentration of 36.8 (range 17.9-65.5) and 18.2 (range 6.7-45.6) pmol/g globin, respectively. In smokers, the values were 165.8 (98.8-211) and 83.2 (29.1-99.0) pmol/g globin, respectively. Using multiple linear regression analysis, a significant positive correlation was found between the AA-Hb adduct concentration and the intake of chips/snacks and crisp bread. GA-Hb adduct did not correlate with consumption of any of the main food groups. Neither AA-Hb nor GA-Hb adduct concentration correlated with total dietary intake of AA as calculated from the reported food intake. Adduct concentrations did not correlate with 24 h urinary excretion of mercapturic acid metabolites of AA and GA in the same subjects reported previously.
MeSH term(s)	Acrylamide/metabolism ; Acrylamide/toxicity ; Adult ; Aging/metabolism ; Alkylation ; Calibration ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Diet ; Epoxy Compounds/metabolism ; Female ; Hemoglobins/metabolism ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis ; Oligopeptides/metabolism ; Reference Standards ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Chemical Substances	Epoxy Compounds ; Hemoglobins ; Oligopeptides ; Acrylamide (20R035KLCI) ; glycidamide (6G5ELX5XYN)
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1420885-4
ISSN	1096-0929 ; 1096-6080
ISSN (online)	1096-0929
ISSN	1096-6080
DOI	10.1093/toxsci/kfm091
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