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Article ; Online: Serum S100β Levels Are Linked with Cognitive Decline and Peripheral Inflammation in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2.

Vázquez-Mojena, Yaimeé / Rodríguez-Labrada, Roberto / Córdova-Rodríguez, Yanetsy / Domínguez-Barrios, Yennis / Fernández-Herrera, Mario E / León-Arcia, Karen / Pavón-Fuentes, Nancy / Robinson-Agramonte, Maria de Los Angeles / Velázquez-Pérez, Luis

Cerebellum (London, England)

2024

Abstract: Experimental and clinical studies have indicated a potential role of the protein S100β in the pathogenesis and phenotype of neurodegenerative diseases. However, its impact on spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) remains to be elucidated. The objective of ...

Abstract	Experimental and clinical studies have indicated a potential role of the protein S100β in the pathogenesis and phenotype of neurodegenerative diseases. However, its impact on spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) remains to be elucidated. The objective of the study is to determine the serum levels of S100β in SCA2 and its relationship with molecular, clinical, cognitive, and peripheral inflammatory markers of the disease. Serum concentrations of S100β were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 39 SCA2 subjects and 36 age- and gender-matched controls. Clinical scores of ataxia, non-ataxia symptoms, cognitive dysfunction, and some blood cell count-derived inflammatory indices were assessed. The SCA2 individuals manifested S100β levels similar to the control group, at low nanomolar concentrations. However, the S100β levels were directly associated with a better performance of cognitive evaluation within the SCA2 cohort. Moreover, the S100β levels were inversely correlated with most peripheral inflammatory indices. Indeed, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio significantly mediated the effect of serum S100β on cognitive performance, even after controlling for the ataxia severity in the causal mediation analysis. Our findings suggested that, within physiologic concentrations, the protein S100β exerts a neuroprotective role against cognitive dysfunction in SCA2, likely via the suppression of pro-inflammatory mechanisms.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2112586-7
ISSN	1473-4230 ; 1473-4222
ISSN (online)	1473-4230
ISSN	1473-4222
DOI	10.1007/s12311-024-01665-2
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Article: Clinical Phenotypes and Mortality Biomarkers: A Study Focused on COVID-19 Patients with Neurological Diseases in Intensive Care Units.

Morales Chacón, Lilia María / Galán García, Lídice / Cruz Hernández, Tania Margarita / Pavón Fuentes, Nancy / Maragoto Rizo, Carlos / Morales Suarez, Ileana / Morales Chacón, Odalys / Abad Molina, Elianne / Rocha Arrieta, Luisa

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 12, Issue 7

Abstract: Purpose: ...

Abstract	Purpose:
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651997-5
ISSN	2076-328X
ISSN	2076-328X
DOI	10.3390/bs12070234
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Article: Positive effects of Phycocyanobilin on gene expression in glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and animal models of multiple sclerosis and cerebral ischemia.

Gardón, Daniel Palenzuela / Cervantes-Llanos, Majel / Matamoros, Beatriz Piniella / Rodríguez, Hanlet Camacho / Tan, Chan-Yuan / Marín-Prida, Javier / Falcón-Cama, Viviana / Pavón-Fuentes, Nancy / Lemus, Jessica Gómez / Ruiz, Laura de la Caridad Bakos / Argudin, Tamara Díaz / Donato, Gillian Martínez / Perera, Yasser / Yang, Ke / Pentón-Rol, Giselle

Heliyon

2022 Volume 8, Issue 6, Page(s) e09769

Abstract: Background: Oxidative stress has a predominant role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and therefore the modulation of genes and the identification of biological pathways associated with antioxidant therapies, have an impact on its ... ...

Abstract	Background: Oxidative stress has a predominant role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and therefore the modulation of genes and the identification of biological pathways associated with antioxidant therapies, have an impact on its treatment. Objective: The objective of this study was the comparison of 2 methods for the analysis of real-time PCR (qPCR) data, through the use of the evaluation of genes that mediate the effect of Phycocyanobilin (PCB) and its validation in animal models. Methods: We evaluated the effect of PCB:" in vitro" on gene modulation through qPCR analyzed by parametric ANOVA and multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) in a model of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in the SH-SY5Y cell line and" in vivo"; in animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS) and cerebral ischemia (CI). Results: The results showed that PCA is a robust and powerful method that allows the assessment of gene expression profiles. We detected the significant down-regulation of the Conclusion: We concluded that the mechanisms by which PCB protected cells included the reduction of oxidative stress damage, which could contribute to its clinical efficacy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-20
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09769
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Article ; Online: Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Neuroprotective Effects of C-Phycocyanin against Brain Ischemia in Rats.

Marín-Prida, Javier / Liberato, José Luiz / Llópiz-Arzuaga, Alexey / Stringhetta-Padovani, Karina / Pavón-Fuentes, Nancy / Leopoldino, Andréia Machado / Cruz, Osmany Guirola / González, Ignacio Hernández / Pérez, Mariela León / Camins, Antoni / Ferreira Dos Santos, Wagner / Uyemura, Sergio Akira / Pardo-Andreu, Gilberto L / Pentón-Rol, Giselle

Current pharmaceutical design

2022 Volume 28, Issue 14, Page(s) 1187–1197

Abstract: Background: Ischemic stroke produces a large health impact worldwide, with scarce therapeutic options.: Objective: This study aimed to reveal the role of NADPH oxidase and neuroinflammatory genes in the cerebral anti-ischemic effects of C-Phycocyanin ...

Abstract	Background: Ischemic stroke produces a large health impact worldwide, with scarce therapeutic options. Objective: This study aimed to reveal the role of NADPH oxidase and neuroinflammatory genes in the cerebral anti-ischemic effects of C-Phycocyanin (C-PC), the chief biliprotein of Spirulina platensis. Methods: Rats with either focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or acute brain hypoperfusion, received C-PC at different doses, or a vehicle, for up to 6 h post-stroke. Neurological, behavioral and histochemical parameters were assessed in I/R rats at 24 h. Cerebral gene expression and hippocampal neuron viability were evaluated in hypoperfused rats at acute (24 h) or chronic phases (30 days), respectively. A molecular docking analysis of NOX2 and C-PC-derived Phycocyanobilin (PCB) was also performed. Results: C-PC, obtained with a purity of 4.342, significantly reduced the infarct volume and neurological deficit in a dose-dependent manner, and improved the exploratory activity of I/R rats. This biliprotein inhibited NOX2 expression, a crucial NADPH oxidase isoform in the brain, and the superoxide increase produced by the ischemic event. Moreover, C-PC-derived PCB showed a high binding affinity in silico with NOX2. C-PC downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17A, CD74, CCL12) and upregulated immune suppressive genes (Foxp3, IL-4, TGF-β) in hypoperfused brain areas. This compound also decreased chronic neuronal death in the hippocampus of hypoperfused rats. Conclusion: These results suggest that the inhibition of cerebral NADPH oxidase and the improvement of neuroinflammation are key mechanisms mediating the neuroprotective actions of C-PC against brain ischemia.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain Ischemia/drug therapy ; Brain Ischemia/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; NADPH Oxidases/metabolism ; Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology ; Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use ; Phycocyanin/pharmacology ; Phycocyanin/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Neuroprotective Agents ; Phycocyanin (11016-15-2) ; NADPH Oxidases (EC 1.6.3.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-15
Publishing country	United Arab Emirates
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1304236-1
ISSN	1873-4286 ; 1381-6128
ISSN (online)	1873-4286
ISSN	1381-6128
DOI	10.2174/1381612828666220506145542
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Zs.A 4714: Show issues

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Article ; Online: The effects of Phycocyanobilin on experimental arthritis involve the reduction in nociception and synovial neutrophil infiltration, inhibition of cytokine production, and modulation of the neuronal proteome.

Marín-Prida, Javier / Rodríguez-Ulloa, Arielis / Besada, Vladimir / Llopiz-Arzuaga, Alexey / Batista, Nathália Vieira / Hernández-González, Ignacio / Pavón-Fuentes, Nancy / Marciano Vieira, Érica Leandro / Falcón-Cama, Viviana / Acosta, Emilio F / Martínez-Donato, Gillian / Cervantes-Llanos, Majel / Lingfeng, Dai / González, Luis J / Fernández-Massó, Julio Raúl / Guillén-Nieto, Gerardo / Pentón-Arias, Eduardo / Amaral, Flávio Almeida / Teixeira, Mauro Martins /

Pentón-Rol, Giselle

Frontiers in immunology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1227268

Abstract: Introduction: The antinociceptive and pharmacological activities of C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) and Phycocyanobilin (PCB) in the context of inflammatory arthritis remain unexplored so far. In the present study, we aimed to assess the protective actions of ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The antinociceptive and pharmacological activities of C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) and Phycocyanobilin (PCB) in the context of inflammatory arthritis remain unexplored so far. In the present study, we aimed to assess the protective actions of these compounds in an experimental mice model that replicates key aspects of human rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was established by intradermal injection of methylated bovine serum albumin in C57BL/6 mice, and one hour before the antigen challenge, either C-PC (2, 4, or 8 mg/kg) or PCB (0.1 or 1 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally. Proteome profiling was also conducted on glutamate-exposed SH-SY5Y neuronal cells to evaluate the PCB impact on this key signaling pathway associated with nociceptive neuronal sensitization. Results and discussion: C-PC and PCB notably ameliorated hypernociception, synovial neutrophil infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity, and the periarticular cytokine concentration of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17A, and IL-4 dose-dependently in AIA mice. In addition, 1 mg/kg PCB downregulated the gene expression for T-bet, RORγ, and IFN-γ in the popliteal lymph nodes, accompanied by a significant reduction in the pathological arthritic index of AIA mice. Noteworthy, neuronal proteome analysis revealed that PCB modulated biological processes such as pain, inflammation, and glutamatergic transmission, all of which are involved in arthritic pathology. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the remarkable efficacy of PCB in alleviating the nociception and inflammation in the AIA mice model and shed new light on mechanisms underlying the PCB modulation of the neuronal proteome. This research work opens a new avenue to explore the translational potential of PCB in developing a therapeutic strategy for inflammation and pain in rheumatoid arthritis.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Mice ; Animals ; Phycocyanin/adverse effects ; Nociception ; Proteome ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neuroblastoma ; Arthritis, Experimental ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy ; Inflammation/drug therapy ; Gene Expression ; Cytokines/pharmacology ; Pain
Chemical Substances	phycocyanobilin (36NUT04V2K) ; Phycocyanin (11016-15-2) ; Proteome ; Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1227268
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Article: Positive effects of Phycocyanobilin on gene expression in glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and animal models of multiple sclerosis and cerebral ischemia

Gardon, Daniel Palenzuela / Cervantes-Llanos, Majel / Matamoros, Beatriz Piniella / Rodríguez, Hanlet Camacho / Tan, Chan-yuan / Marín –Prida, Javier / Falcón-Cama, Viviana / Pavón-Fuentes, Nancy / Lemus, Jessica Gómez / Ruiz, Laura de la Caridad Bakos / Argudin, Tamara Díaz / Donato, Gillian Martínez / Perera, Yasser / Yang, Ke / Pentón-Rol, Giselle

Heliyon. 2022 June 16,

2022

Abstract: Oxidative stress has a predominant role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and therefore the modulation of genes and the identification of biological pathways associated with antioxidant therapies, have an impact on its treatment. The ... ...

Abstract	Oxidative stress has a predominant role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and therefore the modulation of genes and the identification of biological pathways associated with antioxidant therapies, have an impact on its treatment. The objective of this study was the comparison of 2 methods for the analysis of real-time PCR (qPCR) data, through the use of the evaluation of genes that mediate the effect of Phycocyanobilin (PCB) and its validation in animal models. We evaluated the effect of PCB:” in vitro” on gene modulation through qPCR analyzed by parametric ANOVA and multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) in a model of glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in the SH-SY5Y cell line and” in vivo”; in animal models of multiple sclerosis (MS) and cerebral ischemia (CI). The results showed that PCA is a robust and powerful method that allows the assessment of gene expression profiles. We detected the significant down-regulation of the CYBB (NOX2), and HMOX1 by the action of PCB in SH-5YSH cell line insulted with Glutamate. The decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and markers related to apoptosis and innate immune response, mediated the effect of PCB in the animal models of MS and CI, respectively. We concluded that the mechanisms by which PCB protected cells included the reduction of oxidative stress damage, which could contribute to its clinical efficacy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Keywords	animals ; antioxidants ; apoptosis ; cell lines ; cytokines ; gene expression ; genes ; glutamic acid ; innate immunity ; ischemia ; oxidative stress ; pathogenesis ; principal component analysis ; quantitative polymerase chain reaction ; sclerosis
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0616
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	Pre-press version
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09769
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Anti-inflammatory mechanisms and pharmacological actions of phycocyanobilin in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: A therapeutic promise for multiple sclerosis.

Marín-Prida, Javier / Pavón-Fuentes, Nancy / Lagumersindez-Denis, Nielsen / Camacho-Rodríguez, Hanlet / García-Soca, Ana Margarita / Sarduy-Chávez, Rocío de la Caridad / Vieira, Érica Leandro Marciano / Carvalho-Tavares, Juliana / Falcón-Cama, Viviana / Fernández-Massó, Julio Raúl / Hernández-González, Ignacio / Martínez-Donato, Gillian / Guillén-Nieto, Gerardo / Pentón-Arias, Eduardo / Teixeira, Mauro Martins / Pentón-Rol, Giselle

Frontiers in immunology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 1036200

Abstract: Cytokines, demyelination and neuroaxonal degeneration in the central nervous system are pivotal elements implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its nonclinical model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). ... ...

Abstract	Cytokines, demyelination and neuroaxonal degeneration in the central nervous system are pivotal elements implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and its nonclinical model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Phycocyanobilin (PCB), a chromophore of the biliprotein C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) from
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Animals ; Mice ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental ; Phycocyanin/adverse effects ; Multiple Sclerosis/drug therapy ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/adverse effects ; Disease Models, Animal ; Cytokines/therapeutic use ; Interferon-beta/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	phycocyanobilin (36NUT04V2K) ; Phycocyanin (11016-15-2) ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Cytokines ; Interferon-beta (77238-31-4)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2022.1036200
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Article ; Online: Phycocyanobilin reduces brain injury after endothelin-1- induced focal cerebral ischaemia.

Pavón-Fuentes, Nancy / Marín-Prida, Javier / Llópiz-Arzuaga, Alexey / Falcón-Cama, Viviana / Campos-Mojena, Rosario / Cervantes-Llanos, Majel / Piniella-Matamoros, Beatriz / Pentón-Arias, Eduardo / Pentón-Rol, Giselle

Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology

2019 Volume 47, Issue 3, Page(s) 383–392

Abstract: Pharmacological therapies for interrupting biochemical events of the ischaemic cascade and protecting against stroke in humans are as yet unavailable. Up to now, the neuroprotective activity in cerebral ischaemia of phycocyanobilin (PCB), a tetrapyrrolic ...

Abstract	Pharmacological therapies for interrupting biochemical events of the ischaemic cascade and protecting against stroke in humans are as yet unavailable. Up to now, the neuroprotective activity in cerebral ischaemia of phycocyanobilin (PCB), a tetrapyrrolic natural antioxidant, has not been fully examined. Here, we evaluated if PCB protects PC12 neuronal cells against oxygen and glucose deprivation plus reperfusion, and its protective effects in a rat model of endothelin-1-induced focal brain ischaemia. PCB was purified from the cyanobacteria Spirulina platensis and characterized by spectrophotometric, liquid and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry techniques. In Wistar rats, PCB at 50, 100 and 200 μg/kg or phosphate-buffered saline (vehicle) was administered intraperitoneally at equal subdoses in a therapeutic schedule (30 minutes, 1, 3 and 6 hours after the surgery). Brain expression of myelin basic protein (MBP) and the enzyme CNPase was determined by immunoelectron microscopy. PCB was obtained with high purity (>95%) and the absence of solvent contaminants and was able to ameliorate PC12 cell ischaemic injury. PCB treatment significantly decreased brain infarct volume, limited the exploratory behaviour impairment and preserved viable cortical neurons in ischaemic rats in a dose-dependent manner, compared to the vehicle group. Furthermore, PCB at high doses restored the MBP and CNPase expression levels in ischaemic rats. An improved PCB purification method from its natural source is reported, obtaining PCB that is suitable for pharmacological trials showing neuroprotective effects against experimental ischaemic stroke. Therefore, PCB could be a therapeutic pharmacological alternative for ischaemic stroke patients.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Brain Injuries/chemically induced ; Brain Injuries/drug therapy ; Brain Injuries/pathology ; Brain Ischemia/chemically induced ; Brain Ischemia/drug therapy ; Brain Ischemia/pathology ; Endothelin-1/toxicity ; Male ; PC12 Cells ; Phycobilins/therapeutic use ; Phycocyanin/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar
Chemical Substances	Endothelin-1 ; Phycobilins ; Phycocyanin (11016-15-2) ; phycocyanobilin (36NUT04V2K)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-12-06
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	189277-0
ISSN	1440-1681 ; 0305-1870 ; 0143-9294
ISSN (online)	1440-1681
ISSN	0305-1870 ; 0143-9294
DOI	10.1111/1440-1681.13214
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Article ; Online: EPO induces changes in synaptic transmission and plasticity in the dentate gyrus of rats.

Almaguer-Melian, William / Mercerón-Martínez, Daymara / Delgado-Ocaña, Susana / Pavón-Fuentes, Nancy / Ledón, Nuris / Bergado, Jorge A

Synapse (New York, N.Y.)

2016 Volume 70, Issue 6, Page(s) 240–252

Abstract: Erythropoietin has shown wide physiological effects on the central nervous system in animal models of disease, and in healthy animals. We have recently shown that systemic EPO administration 15 min, but not 5 h, after daily training in a water maze is ... ...

Abstract	Erythropoietin has shown wide physiological effects on the central nervous system in animal models of disease, and in healthy animals. We have recently shown that systemic EPO administration 15 min, but not 5 h, after daily training in a water maze is able to induce the recovery of spatial memory in fimbria-fornix chronic-lesioned animals, suggesting that acute EPO triggers mechanisms which can modulate the active neural plasticity mechanism involved in spatial memory acquisition in lesioned animals. Additionally, this EPO effect is accompanied by the up-regulation of plasticity-related early genes. More remarkably, this time-dependent effects on learning recovery could signify that EPO in nerve system modulate specific living-cellular processes. In the present article, we focus on the question if EPO could modulate the induction of long-term synaptic plasticity like LTP and LTD, which presumably could support our previous published data. Our results show that acute EPO peripheral administration 15 min before the induction of synaptic plasticity is able to increase the magnitude of the LTP (more prominent in PSA than fEPSP-Slope) to facilitate the induction of LTD, and to protect LTP from depotentiation. These findings showing that EPO modulates in vivo synaptic plasticity sustain the assumption that EPO can act not only as a neuroprotective substance, but is also able to modulate transient neural plasticity mechanisms and therefore to promote the recovery of nerve function after an established chronic brain lesion. According to these results, EPO could be use as a molecular tool for neurorestaurative treatments.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dentate Gyrus/drug effects ; Erythropoietin/pharmacology ; Hippocampus/drug effects ; Long-Term Potentiation/drug effects ; Long-Term Synaptic Depression/drug effects ; Male ; Memory/drug effects ; Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology ; Rats, Wistar ; Synapses/drug effects ; Synaptic Transmission/drug effects ; Synaptic Transmission/physiology ; Up-Regulation
Chemical Substances	Erythropoietin (11096-26-7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	639061-4
ISSN	1098-2396 ; 0885-8276 ; 0887-4476
ISSN (online)	1098-2396
ISSN	0885-8276 ; 0887-4476
DOI	10.1002/syn.21895
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Article: Oxidative Stress in Patients with Drug Resistant Partial Complex Seizure.

Lorigados Pedre, Lourdes / Gallardo, Juan M / Morales Chacón, Lilia M / Vega García, Angélica / Flores-Mendoza, Monserrat / Neri-Gómez, Teresa / Estupiñán Díaz, Bárbara / Cruz-Xenes, Rachel M / Pavón Fuentes, Nancy / Orozco-Suárez, Sandra

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

2018 Volume 8, Issue 6

Abstract: Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated as a pathophysiological mechanism of drug-resistant epilepsy, but little is known about the relationship between OS markers and clinical parameters, such as the number of drugs, age onset of seizure and frequency ...

Abstract	Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated as a pathophysiological mechanism of drug-resistant epilepsy, but little is known about the relationship between OS markers and clinical parameters, such as the number of drugs, age onset of seizure and frequency of seizures per month. The current study’s aim was to evaluate several oxidative stress markers and antioxidants in 18 drug-resistant partial complex seizure (DRPCS) patients compared to a control group (age and sex matched), and the results were related to clinical variables. We examined malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), nitric oxide (NO), uric acid, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione, vitamin C, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and nitrotyrosine (3-NT). All markers except 4-HNE and 3-NT were studied by spectrophotometry. The expressions of 4-HNE and 3-NT were evaluated by Western blot analysis. MDA levels in patients were significantly increased (
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2651997-5
ISSN	2076-328X
ISSN	2076-328X
DOI	10.3390/bs8060059
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