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Article ; Online: Distinct environmental parameters influence the abundance of living benthic foraminifera morphogroups in the southeastern Arabian Sea.

Singh, Dharmendra Pratap / Saraswat, Rajeev / Pawar, Rahul

Environmental science and pollution research international

2022 Volume 29, Issue 54, Page(s) 82541–82558

Abstract: The ambient environmental parameters have a great bearing on the morphology of living flora and fauna. In this study, we tested this hypothesis on one of the most dominant groups of living unicellular marine microorganism, benthic foraminifera, in the ... ...

Abstract	The ambient environmental parameters have a great bearing on the morphology of living flora and fauna. In this study, we tested this hypothesis on one of the most dominant groups of living unicellular marine microorganism, benthic foraminifera, in the dynamic region of the southeastern Arabian Sea. The living benthic foraminifera from 43 surface samples collected between 25 and 2980 m of water depth were segregated into eight morphogroups (tapered/cylindrical, flattened-ovoid, biconvex, planoconvex, flattened-tapered, spherical, rounded-trochospiral, and rounded-planispiral). We report that the high organic carbon availability is combined with deficiency of oxygen results in benthic foraminifera with low surface area to volume ratio and mostly consists of tapered/cylindrical, flattened-ovoid forms, with a preference for infaunal habitat. However, the tests of the living benthic foraminifera thriving in the oxygen-rich bottom waters have a high surface area to volume ratio, commonly reported as epifaunal, consisting of biconvex and planoconvex forms. Additionally, we also report that the abundance of other morphogroups, namely flattened-tapered, spherical, rounded-trochospiral, and rounded-planispiral, is also controlled by the distinct environmental parameters. We suggest that the living benthic foraminifera are an excellent indicator of the ambient environmental parameters and can be used to reconstruct paleoenvironments.
MeSH term(s)	Foraminifera ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Oxygen/analysis ; Carbon ; Water ; Geologic Sediments
Chemical Substances	Oxygen (S88TT14065) ; Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-25
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-022-21492-4
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Article ; Online: Distinct environmental parameters influence the abundance of living benthic foraminifera morphogroups in the southeastern Arabian Sea

Singh, Dharmendra Pratap / Saraswat, Rajeev / Pawar, Rahul

Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2022 Nov., v. 29, no. 54 p.82541-82558

2022

Abstract	The ambient environmental parameters have a great bearing on the morphology of living flora and fauna. In this study, we tested this hypothesis on one of the most dominant groups of living unicellular marine microorganism, benthic foraminifera, in the dynamic region of the southeastern Arabian Sea. The living benthic foraminifera from 43 surface samples collected between 25 and 2980 m of water depth were segregated into eight morphogroups (tapered/cylindrical, flattened-ovoid, biconvex, planoconvex, flattened-tapered, spherical, rounded-trochospiral, and rounded-planispiral). We report that the high organic carbon availability is combined with deficiency of oxygen results in benthic foraminifera with low surface area to volume ratio and mostly consists of tapered/cylindrical, flattened-ovoid forms, with a preference for infaunal habitat. However, the tests of the living benthic foraminifera thriving in the oxygen-rich bottom waters have a high surface area to volume ratio, commonly reported as epifaunal, consisting of biconvex and planoconvex forms. Additionally, we also report that the abundance of other morphogroups, namely flattened-tapered, spherical, rounded-trochospiral, and rounded-planispiral, is also controlled by the distinct environmental parameters. We suggest that the living benthic foraminifera are an excellent indicator of the ambient environmental parameters and can be used to reconstruct paleoenvironments.
Keywords	Retaria ; fauna ; flora ; habitats ; organic carbon ; oxygen ; surface area ; Arabian Sea
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-11
Size	p. 82541-82558.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-022-21492-4
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Article ; Online: Determination of thyroid hormones in dietary supplements using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Pawar, Rahul S / Sagi, Satyanarayanaraju / Leontyev, Dmitry

Drug testing and analysis

2021 Volume 14, Issue 3, Page(s) 578–586

Abstract: More than 27 million Americans have some kind of thyroid disease. Numerous dietary supplements claiming to support healthy thyroid function and healthy metabolism and balance or promote weight loss are available for purchase in retail stores and on the ... ...

Abstract	More than 27 million Americans have some kind of thyroid disease. Numerous dietary supplements claiming to support healthy thyroid function and healthy metabolism and balance or promote weight loss are available for purchase in retail stores and on the internet. In the literature, there have been reports of adverse events associated with the consumption of thyroid hormone-containing products. In this study, an LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the analysis of thyroxine (T4), 3,3',5-triiodo-l-thyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3), 3,5-diiodothyronine (3,5-T2) and 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2) in dietary supplements. Sonication with methanol was used for the extraction of free hormones from nonglandular products. The tissue-bound hormones from glandular thyroid products were extracted using a modified enzymatic digestion, in which the matrix was first extracted by sonication with methanol and then by enzymatic digestion with proteases. Both extraction methods provided acceptable recovery values between 78% and 116%. Fifty-eight products making claims related to thyroid management were purchased over the internet from 2017-2018 and quantitatively analyzed for five hormones using the validated methods. Eleven out of 19 glandular products were found to contain quantifiable amounts of hormones. Maximum daily servings were also calculated for each product based on label information. The maximum amount of T4, T3, and rT3 per daily serving in the glandular products were up to 210, 32, and 7.6 μg/day, respectively. In the case of nonglandular products, which were labeled to contain plant extracts, vitamins, minerals, diiodo compounds, and so forth, the amounts of 3,5-T2 and 3,3'-T2 were up to 740 and 2700 μg/day, respectively.
MeSH term(s)	Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Dietary Supplements/analysis ; Humans ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods ; Thyroid Hormones/analysis ; Triiodothyronine
Chemical Substances	Thyroid Hormones ; Triiodothyronine (06LU7C9H1V)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2462336-2
ISSN	1942-7611 ; 1942-7603
ISSN (online)	1942-7611
ISSN	1942-7603
DOI	10.1002/dta.3046
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Article ; Online: Analysis of bitter orange dietary supplements for natural and synthetic phenethylamines by LC-MS/MS.

Pawar, Rahul S / Sagi, Satyanarayanaraju / Leontyev, Dmitry

Drug testing and analysis

2020 Volume 12, Issue 9, Page(s) 1241–1251

Abstract: Citrus aurantium, commonly known as bitter orange, is a popular dietary supplement ingredient sold worldwide. Bitter orange supplements are sold primarily as weight management and sports performance products and have gained popularity after Ephedra ... ...

Abstract	Citrus aurantium, commonly known as bitter orange, is a popular dietary supplement ingredient sold worldwide. Bitter orange supplements are sold primarily as weight management and sports performance products and have gained popularity after Ephedra products were banned from the US market. Supplements containing synephrine are reported to exhibit adverse cardiovascular effects especially in the presence of caffeine. In this study, an LC-MS/MS method was established to quantify five natural amines (synephrine, octopamine, tyramine, N-methyltyramine, and hordenine) and four synthetic phenethylamines (phenylephrine, methylsynephrine, etilefrine, and isopropyloctopamine) in dietary supplements sold in the US. The method was validated and found to have acceptable performance to accurately measure analytes in complex botanical products. The average recoveries from a blank matrix were 88-125% with an RSD of 0.5-7.0%. Fifty-nine products labeled to contain bitter orange peel, extract, or its amines were purchased and their amine content was measured. Several products were found to contain higher amounts of amines than that expected from a typical bitter orange extract. Of the 23 products that made label claims for synephrine, only 5 products (22%) were within 80-120% of labeled synephrine content. The presence of synthetic amines, methylsynephrine (up to 240 mg/daily serving), and isopropyloctopamine (up to 76 mg/daily serving), whose effects in humans are not known, were detected in six products and one product, respectively. While the use of methylsynephrine and isopropyloctopamine are not permitted in dietary supplements, hordenine, N-methyltyramine, and octopamine are currently listed on the FDA's Dietary Supplement Ingredient Advisory List.
MeSH term(s)	Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Citrus/chemistry ; Dietary Supplements/analysis ; Phenethylamines/analysis ; Phenethylamines/isolation & purification ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
Chemical Substances	Phenethylamines
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Validation Study
ZDB-ID	2462336-2
ISSN	1942-7611 ; 1942-7603
ISSN (online)	1942-7611
ISSN	1942-7603
DOI	10.1002/dta.2871
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Article ; Online: Excipient Hypersensitivity Masquerading as Multidrug Allergy.

Taneja, Vikas / Taneja, Isha / Mihali, Albana B / Pawar, Rahul

The American journal of medicine

2021 Volume 134, Issue 8, Page(s) e447–e448

MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Azo Compounds/adverse effects ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Hypersensitivity/diagnosis ; Drug Hypersensitivity/etiology ; Excipients/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans
Chemical Substances	Azo Compounds ; Excipients ; 6-hydroxy-5-((p- sulfophenyl)azo)-2-naphthalenesulfonic acid disodium salt (H77VEI93A8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Letter
ZDB-ID	80015-6
ISSN	1555-7162 ; 1873-2178 ; 0002-9343 ; 1548-2766
ISSN (online)	1555-7162 ; 1873-2178
ISSN	0002-9343 ; 1548-2766
DOI	10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.02.015
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Article ; Online: Resuscitation Quality in the ICU: A Retrospective Analysis.

Roessler, Lara L / Holmberg, Mathias J / Pawar, Rahul D / Lassen, Annmarie T / Moskowitz, Ari

Chest

2022 Volume 162, Issue 3, Page(s) 569–577

Abstract: Background: American Heart Association quality metrics of resuscitation include time to epinephrine ≤ 5 min, time to defibrillation ≤ 2 min, and confirmation of airway device placement in trachea. This study examined trends in adherence to these quality ...

Abstract	Background: American Heart Association quality metrics of resuscitation include time to epinephrine ≤ 5 min, time to defibrillation ≤ 2 min, and confirmation of airway device placement in trachea. This study examined trends in adherence to these quality metrics in the ICU and identified predictors of failure to adhere to these metrics. Research question: What is the registered adherence to time to epinephrine ≤ 5 min, time to defibrillation ≤ 2 min, and confirmation of airway device placement in trachea in the ICU setting? Study design and methods: This was a retrospective analysis. Using the Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation registry, adult patients with an index cardiac arrest in adult ICUs between 2006 and 2018 in the United States were identified. Modified Poisson regression with generalized estimation equations were used for the analyses. Results: A total of 97,009 adult ICU patients from 538 hospitals were identified using the Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation registry, and 75,668 patients were included in the final analysis. From 2006 to 2018, adherence to time to epinephrine ≤ 5 min increased from 93% (95% CI, 93-94) to 98% (95% CI, 97-98), time to defibrillation ≤ 2 min increased from 72% (95% CI, 69-75) to 75% (95% CI, 72-78), and confirmation of airway device placement in trachea increased from 93% (95% CI, 91-94) to 97% (95% CI, 96-98). Nonwitnessed status (P < .001), nonmonitored status (P = .003), and nighttime arrest (P = .002) were associated with adherence failure for time to epinephrine ≤ 5 min, whereas a noncardiac (P < .001) or traumatic (P < .001) illness category, renal insufficiency (P = .001), and nighttime arrest (P = .03) were associated with adherence failure for time to defibrillation ≤ 2 min. Interpretation: Overall, quality metric adherence was high in the ICU, with the exception of time to defibrillation ≤ 2 min.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Epinephrine ; Heart Arrest/therapy ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Resuscitation ; Retrospective Studies ; United States
Chemical Substances	Epinephrine (YKH834O4BH)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1032552-9
ISSN	1931-3543 ; 0012-3692
ISSN (online)	1931-3543
ISSN	0012-3692
DOI	10.1016/j.chest.2022.03.015
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Article: Removable versus fixed myo-functional appliances in class II malocclusion among Indians.

Pawar, Rahul / Nath, Shib Kumar / Kumar, P Kiran / Patel, Khyati / Arvind, Mengi / Shah, Alap / Dave, Bela / Mehta, Dhaval Niranjan

Bioinformation

2023 Volume 19, Issue 13, Page(s) 1318–1323

Abstract: It is of interest to compare two myofunctional appliances (frankal appliance and twin bloc) and two fixed orthodontic appliances (PowerScope and Forsus) in management of class II div 1 malocclusion. A total of 56 Class II division 1 malocclusion patients ...

Abstract	It is of interest to compare two myofunctional appliances (frankal appliance and twin bloc) and two fixed orthodontic appliances (PowerScope and Forsus) in management of class II div 1 malocclusion. A total of 56 Class II division 1 malocclusion patients indicated for treatment with myofunctional appliances and fixed functional appliances were randomized. They were equally divided among frankal appliance (n=14), twin block appliance (n=14), PowerScope (American Orthodontics) (n=14), Forsus (3M Unitek Corp) groups (n=14). Skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of all appliances were compared. SNB increased remarkably by 4.2° in the Twin block group and it was high among all treatment groups. There was a significant decrease in vertical dimensions (SN-GoGn) in the Twin block (p = 0.002). Early treatment of Class II due to mandibular retrusion with Twin block functional appliance is recommended due to its favorable skeletal effect.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-31
Publishing country	Singapore
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2203786-X
ISSN	0973-2063
ISSN	0973-2063
DOI	10.6026/973206300191318
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Article ; Online: Overview of regulation of dietary supplements in the USA and issues of adulteration with phenethylamines (PEAs).

Pawar, Rahul S / Grundel, Erich

Drug testing and analysis

2017 Volume 9, Issue 3, Page(s) 500–517

Abstract: The multi-billion dollar dietary supplement industry is global in reach. The industry has been criticized for problems related to poor quality control, safety, misbranding, and adulteration. In this review, we describe how the US Food and Drug ... ...

Abstract	The multi-billion dollar dietary supplement industry is global in reach. The industry has been criticized for problems related to poor quality control, safety, misbranding, and adulteration. In this review, we describe how the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates dietary supplements within the framework of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act). The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA), which amended the FD&C Act, gave the FDA the authority to promulgate Good Manufacturing Practices for dietary supplements and required that manufacturers provide the FDA information supporting a conclusion that the ingredients are reasonably expected to be safe if the dietary ingredients were not marketed in the USA before 15 October 1994. Recent amendments to the FD&C Act require that serious dietary-supplement-related adverse events be reported to the FDA and provide the agency with mandatory recall authority. We discuss the presence of naturally occurring (e.g. Ephedra, Citrus aurantium, Acacia) and synthetic (e.g. β-methylphenethylamines, methylsynephrine, α-ethyl-phenethylamine) biologically active phenethylamines (PEAs) in dietary supplements and of PEA drugs (e.g. clenbuterol, fenfluramine, sibutramine, lorcaserin) in weight-loss products. Regulatory actions against manufacturers of products labelled as dietary supplements that contain the aliphatic amines 1,3-dimethylamine and 1,3-dimethylbutylamine, and PEAs such as β-methylphenethylamine, aegeline, and Dendrobium illustrate the FDA's use of its authority under the FD&C Act to promote dietary supplement safety. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Obesity Agents/adverse effects ; Anti-Obesity Agents/analysis ; Dietary Supplements/adverse effects ; Dietary Supplements/analysis ; Drug Contamination ; Drug and Narcotic Control ; Humans ; Phenethylamines/adverse effects ; Phenethylamines/analysis ; Quality Control ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
Chemical Substances	Anti-Obesity Agents ; Phenethylamines
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2462336-2
ISSN	1942-7611 ; 1942-7603
ISSN (online)	1942-7611
ISSN	1942-7603
DOI	10.1002/dta.1980
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Article ; Online: Paleoclimatic reconstruction of northwest Himalaya since CE 475 using lake sediments from Tadag Taal, Kumaun, India

Kaushik, Arun / Gupta, Anil K. / Clemens, Steven C. / Kumar, Pankaj / Sanyal, Prasanta / Gupta, Priyantan / Jaiswal, Manoj Kumar / Maurya, Abhayanand S. / Sengupta, Sreya / Sharma, Rajveer / Pawar, Rahul

Elsevier B.V. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 2023 June, v. 619 p.111544-

2023

Abstract: The Kumaun region of India in the northwestern Himalaya experiences complex rainfall patterns, receiving precipitation both during the summer monsoon (June to September) as well as during winter months dominated by westerlies (October to March). In this ... ...

Abstract	The Kumaun region of India in the northwestern Himalaya experiences complex rainfall patterns, receiving precipitation both during the summer monsoon (June to September) as well as during winter months dominated by westerlies (October to March). In this paper, we present a multi-proxy palaeoclimate record spanning the last ∼1500 years from Tadag Taal, an intermontane lake in Kumaun, India. Our dataset (stable isotope ratios, grain size, trace element ratios) suggests the occurrence of four long-term precipitation cycles of high and low rainfall coinciding with the Dark Ages Cold Period (DACP, ∼475–850 CE), Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA ∼900–1300 CE), Little Ice Age (LIA, ∼1450–1800 CE) and Current Warm Period (CWP, ∼1850 CE to Present). We infer multi-decadal to centennial-scale shifts in the Indian summer monsoon co-varying with changes in El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) activity superimposed by changes in solar insolation. To correlate our time-series from the northwestern Himalaya with the Core Monsoon Zone and understand coherency in precipitation between the two regions, we applied the Wavelength Coherency Test. Our data suggest wet conditions during the early phase of the LIA (∼1450–1640 CE) and dry conditions in the later phase of the LIA from ∼1640–1800 CE. The wet conditions in the early LIA were perhaps driven by increased winter precipitation. This is in contrast to Central India that witnessed dry conditions during the entire duration of the LIA. This study thus suggests that monsoon strength was different during earlier and later phase of the LIA. Further, the LIA did not witness uniform climate variability through its duration as has been reported in some European and Chinese proxy records.
Keywords	climate ; cold ; data collection ; lakes ; monsoon season ; palaeogeography ; paleoclimatology ; paleoecology ; rain ; solar radiation ; stable isotopes ; summer ; time series analysis ; trace elements ; wavelengths ; Himalayan region ; India ; Core monsoon zone ; Little Ice Age ; Westerlies ; Medieval Climate Anomaly ; Northwestern Himalaya
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-06
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	417718-6
ISSN	0031-0182
ISSN	0031-0182
DOI	10.1016/j.palaeo.2023.111544
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Article ; Online: Validation of an LC-MS/MS method for analysis of anti-diabetic drugs in botanical dietary supplements labeled for blood sugar management.

Ma, Jun / Pawar, Rahul S / Grundel, Erich

Drug testing and analysis

2017 Volume 10, Issue 3, Page(s) 609–617

Abstract: We developed and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to detect and quantitate 14 anti-diabetic, 2 anti-obesity, and 3 cholesterol-lowering drugs in botanical dietary supplements marketed for blood sugar management. ...

Abstract	We developed and validated a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to detect and quantitate 14 anti-diabetic, 2 anti-obesity, and 3 cholesterol-lowering drugs in botanical dietary supplements marketed for blood sugar management. Many botanical dietary supplements which carry label statements related to blood sugar management are available over the Internet. Potential adulteration of such dietary supplements with anti-diabetic and other prescription drugs, some of which have been removed from the market due to adverse events, is of concern. No significant matrix effects were observed and mean recoveries of all 19 analytes from a single product matrix were 88 to 113% at spiking concentrations from 500 to 2000 μg/g. Mean recoveries of metformin, phenformin, and sibutramine from matrices prepared from multiple product composites ranged from 93 to 115% at a spiking concentration of 100 μg/g. The relative standard deviations (RSD) (%) of intra-day analyses ranged from 0.2 to 13 for all recovery studies. Eighty dietary supplements obtained in the USA and carrying label statements related to blood sugar management were analyzed using this method and none were found to be adulterated with the above 19 drugs. Two products obtained outside of the USA and known to be adulterated were also analyzed by this method and found to contain phenformin, glibenclamide, and sibutramine. This method provided satisfactory selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and sensitivity for rapid determination of 19 drugs and has broad applicability for the analysis of dietary supplements for possible adulteration with these compounds.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Obesity Agents/analysis ; Anticholesteremic Agents/analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods ; Dietary Supplements/analysis ; Drug Contamination ; Hypoglycemic Agents/analysis ; Limit of Detection ; Plant Extracts/analysis ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
Chemical Substances	Anti-Obesity Agents ; Anticholesteremic Agents ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Plant Extracts
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Validation Studies
ZDB-ID	2462336-2
ISSN	1942-7611 ; 1942-7603
ISSN (online)	1942-7611
ISSN	1942-7603
DOI	10.1002/dta.2254
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