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Article ; Online: Natural reversion promotes LPS elongation in an attenuated Coxiella burnetii strain.

Long, Carrie M / Beare, Paul A / Cockrell, Diane / Binette, Picabo / Tesfamariam, Mahelat / Richards, Crystal / Anderson, Matthew / McCormick-Ell, Jessica / Brose, Megan / Anderson, Rebecca / Omsland, Anders / Pearson, Talima / Heinzen, Robert A

Nature communications

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 697

Abstract: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) phase variation is a critical aspect of virulence in many Gram-negative bacteria. It is of particular importance to Coxiella burnetii, the biothreat pathogen that causes Q fever, as in vitro propagation of this organism leads to ... ...

Abstract	Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) phase variation is a critical aspect of virulence in many Gram-negative bacteria. It is of particular importance to Coxiella burnetii, the biothreat pathogen that causes Q fever, as in vitro propagation of this organism leads to LPS truncation, which is associated with an attenuated and exempted from select agent status (Nine Mile II, NMII). Here, we demonstrate that NMII was recovered from the spleens of infected guinea pigs. Moreover, these strains exhibit a previously unrecognized form of elongated LPS and display increased virulence in comparison with the initial NMII strain. The reversion of a 3-bp mutation in the gene cbu0533 directly leads to LPS elongation. To address potential safety concerns, we introduce a modified NMII strain unable to produce elongated LPS.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Guinea Pigs ; Coxiella burnetii/genetics ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Mutation ; Reproduction ; Spleen
Chemical Substances	Lipopolysaccharides
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-023-43972-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Author Correction: Natural reversion promotes LPS elongation in an attenuated Coxiella burnetii strain.

Nature communications

2024 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 1299

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Published Erratum
ZDB-ID	2553671-0
ISSN	2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
ISSN (online)	2041-1723
ISSN	2041-1723
DOI	10.1038/s41467-024-45637-w
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Article ; Online: Domestic dogs in indigenous Amazonian communities: Key players in Leptospira cycling and transmission?

Guzmán, Diego A / Diaz, Eduardo / Sáenz, Carolina / Álvarez, Hernán / Cueva, Rubén / Zapata-Ríos, Galo / Prado-Vivar, Belén / Falconí, Mercy / Pearson, Talima / Barragan, Veronica

PLoS neglected tropical diseases

2024 Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) e0011671

Abstract: Background: Leptospirosis is the world's most common zoonotic disease. Mitigation and control rely on pathogen identification and understanding the roles of potential reservoirs in cycling and transmission. Underreporting and misdiagnosis obscure the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Leptospirosis is the world's most common zoonotic disease. Mitigation and control rely on pathogen identification and understanding the roles of potential reservoirs in cycling and transmission. Underreporting and misdiagnosis obscure the magnitude of the problem and confound efforts to understand key epidemiological components. Difficulties in culturing hamper the use of serological diagnostics and delay the development of DNA detection methods. As a result, especially in complex ecosystems, we know very little about the importance of different mammalian host species in cycling and transmission to humans. Methodology/principal findings: We sampled dogs from five indigenous Kichwa communities living in the Yasuní National Park in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin. Blood and urine samples from domestic dogs were collected to assess the exposure of these animals to Leptospira and to identify the circulating species. Microscopic Agglutination Tests with a panel of 22 different serovars showed anti-leptospira antibodies in 36 sampled dogs (75%), and 7 serogroups were detected. Two DNA-based detection assays revealed pathogenic Leptospira DNA in 18 of 19 dog urine samples (94.7%). Amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA and SecY genes from 15 urine samples revealed genetic diversity within two of three different Leptospira species: noguchii (n = 7), santarosai (n = 7), and interrogans (n = 1). Conclusions/significance: The high prevalence of antibodies and Leptospira DNA provides strong evidence for high rates of past and current infections. Such high prevalence has not been previously reported for dogs. These dogs live in the peridomestic environment in close contact with humans, yet they are free-ranging animals that interact with wildlife. This complex web of interactions may explain the diverse types of pathogenic Leptospira observed in this study. Our results suggest that domestic dogs are likely to play an important role in the cycling and transmission of Leptospira. Future studies in areas with complex ecoepidemiology will enable better parsing of the significance of genotypic, environmental, and host characteristics.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dogs ; Humans ; Leptospira ; Ecosystem ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Leptospirosis/epidemiology ; Leptospirosis/veterinary ; Animals, Wild ; DNA ; Mammals
Chemical Substances	RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; DNA (9007-49-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2429704-5
ISSN	1935-2735 ; 1935-2735
ISSN (online)	1935-2735
ISSN	1935-2735
DOI	10.1371/journal.pntd.0011671
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Article ; Online: Draft Genome Sequence of a Streptococcus suis Isolate from a Case of Cattle Meningitis.

Okwumabua, Ogi / Williamson, Charles H D / Pearson, Talima R / Sahl, Jason W

Microbiology resource announcements

2020 Volume 9, Issue 19

Abstract: Streptococcus ... ...

Abstract	Streptococcus suis
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2576-098X
ISSN (online)	2576-098X
DOI	10.1128/MRA.00153-20
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Article ; Online: First detection of Leptospira santarosai in the reproductive track of a boar: A potential threat to swine production and public health.

Diaz, Eduardo A / Luna, Ligia / Burgos-Mayorga, Ana / Donoso, Gustavo / Guzman, Diego A / Baquero, María Ines / Pearson, Talima / Barragan, Veronica Alexandra

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 9, Page(s) e0274362

Abstract: Background: Leptospirosis causes significant economic losses and is an occupational risk in the swine industry, especially in developing tropical regions where social and geoclimatic conditions are favorable for the transmission of this disease. ... ...

Abstract	Background: Leptospirosis causes significant economic losses and is an occupational risk in the swine industry, especially in developing tropical regions where social and geoclimatic conditions are favorable for the transmission of this disease. Although vaccination can reduce infection risk, efficacy is diminished if local genetic and antigenic variants of the pathogen are not accounted for in the vaccine. Identifying and characterizing strains hosts, and potential mechanisms of transmission is therefore critical for public health mitigation practices. Methodology/principal findings: Our study was conducted on a rural breeding farm in Ecuador, where we used a PCR assay that targets lipL32 to detect Leptospira spp. and targeted gene sequencing to identify Leptospira santarosai in the kidneys, testicles, and ejaculate of a vaccinated boar. MAT results showed low titers against serovars found in the vaccine, but the MAT panel did not include serovars of L. santarosai. The boar showed no symptoms of leptospirosis but did show blood in the semen. However, no postmortem histopathological lesions were observed tissue samples. Vaccinated sows that were artificially inseminated with the semen from this boar had reproductive problems, suggesting that transmission had occurred. This is the first documented case of Leptospira santarosai in the reproductive tract of a boar. Conclusions/significance: As L. santarosai is pathogenic in other livestock species and humans, our finding highlights the need to evaluate the prevalence and epidemiological significance of this pathogen in livestock and consider the possibility of venereal transmission. In addition, further studies are needed to identify and characterize local serovars that may impact diagnosis and vaccination programs to better control leptospirosis in livestock and spillover into the human population.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Female ; Leptospira/genetics ; Leptospirosis/epidemiology ; Leptospirosis/prevention & control ; Leptospirosis/veterinary ; Livestock ; Male ; Public Health ; Serogroup ; Swine
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0274362
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Article ; Online: Meta-analysis to estimate the load of Leptospira excreted in urine: beyond rats as important sources of transmission in low-income rural communities.

Barragan, Veronica / Nieto, Nathan / Keim, Paul / Pearson, Talima

BMC research notes

2017 Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 71

Abstract: Background: Leptospirosis is a major zoonotic disease with widespread distribution and a large impact on human health. Carrier animals excrete pathogenic Leptospira primarily in their urine. Infection occurs when the pathogen enters a host through ... ...

Abstract	Background: Leptospirosis is a major zoonotic disease with widespread distribution and a large impact on human health. Carrier animals excrete pathogenic Leptospira primarily in their urine. Infection occurs when the pathogen enters a host through mucosa or small skin abrasions. Humans and other animals are exposed to the pathogen by direct contact with urine, contaminated soil or water. While many factors influence environmental cycling and the transmission of Leptospira to humans, the load of pathogenic Leptospira in the environment is likely to play a major role. Peridomestic rats are often implicated as a potential source of human disease; however exposure to other animals is a risk factor as well. The aim of this report is to highlight the importance of various carrier animals in terms of the quantity of Leptospira shed into the environment. For this, we performed a systematic literature review and a meta-analysis of the amount of pathogen that various animal species shed in their urine. Results: The quantity of pathogen has been reported for cows, deer, dogs, humans, mice, and rats, in a total of 14 research articles. We estimated the average Leptospira per unit volume shed by each animal species, and the daily environmental contribution by considering the total volume of urine excreted by each carrier animal. Rats excrete the highest quantity of Leptospira per millilitre of urine (median = 5.7 × 10 Conclusions: Here we illustrate how, in a low-income rural Ecuadorian community, host population demographics, and prevalence of Leptospira infection can be integrated with estimates of shed Leptospira to suggest that peridomestic cattle may be more important than rats in environmental cycling and ultimately, transmission to humans.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Deer ; Dogs ; Ecuador ; Humans ; Leptospira/isolation & purification ; Leptospirosis/epidemiology ; Mice ; Poverty/statistics & numerical data ; Rats ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data ; Zoonoses/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-01-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Meta-Analysis ; Review
ZDB-ID	2413336-X
ISSN	1756-0500 ; 1756-0500
ISSN (online)	1756-0500
ISSN	1756-0500
DOI	10.1186/s13104-017-2384-4
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Article ; Online: Cross-sectional study of the association of social relationship resources with Staphylococcus aureus colonization in naturally occurring social groups along the US/Mexico border.

Barger, Steven D / Lininger, Monica R / Trotter, Robert T / Mbegbu, Mimi / Kyman, Shari / Tucker-Morgan, Kara / Wood, Colin / Coyne, Briana / Russakoff, Benjamin / Ceniceros, Kathya / Padilla, Cristina / Maltinsky, Sara / Pearson, Talima

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) e0284400

Abstract: Asymptomatic carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for subsequent clinical infection. Diminishing returns from mitigation efforts emphasize the need to better understand colonization, spread, and transmission of this opportunistic ... ...

Abstract	Asymptomatic carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor for subsequent clinical infection. Diminishing returns from mitigation efforts emphasize the need to better understand colonization, spread, and transmission of this opportunistic pathogen. While contact with other people presents opportunities for pathogen exposure and transmission, diversity of social connections may be protective against pathogens such as the common cold. This study examined whether social relationship resources, including the amount and diversity of social contacts, are associated with S. aureus colonization. Participants were community members (N = 443; 68% Hispanic) in naturally occurring social groups in southwestern Arizona. Four types of social relationships and loneliness were assessed, and samples from the skin, nose and throat were obtained to ascertain S. aureus colonization. Overall S. aureus prevalence was 64.8%. Neither the amount nor the diversity of social contacts were associated with S. aureus colonization. The concurrent validity of the social relationship assessments was supported by their moderate intercorrelations and by their positive association with self-rated health. The results suggest that the association of social network diversity and susceptibility to the common cold does not extend to S. aureus colonization. Conversely, colonization prevalence was not higher among those with more social contacts. The latter pattern suggests that social transmission may be relatively infrequent or that more intimate forms of social interaction may drive transmission and colonization resulting in high community prevalence of S. aureus colonization. These data inform communicable disease control efforts.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Common Cold ; Social Group ; Mexico/epidemiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Social Interaction ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; Carrier State/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0284400
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Article ; Online: Critical Knowledge Gaps in Our Understanding of Environmental Cycling and Transmission of Leptospira spp.

Barragan, Veronica / Olivas, Sonora / Keim, Paul / Pearson, Talima

Applied and environmental microbiology

2017 Volume 83, Issue 19

Abstract: Exposure to soil or water contaminated with the urine ... ...

Abstract	Exposure to soil or water contaminated with the urine of
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Leptospira/genetics ; Leptospira/isolation & purification ; Leptospira/physiology ; Leptospirosis/microbiology ; Leptospirosis/transmission ; Leptospirosis/veterinary ; Soil Microbiology ; Water Microbiology ; Zoonoses/microbiology ; Zoonoses/transmission
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	223011-2
ISSN	1098-5336 ; 0099-2240
ISSN (online)	1098-5336
ISSN	0099-2240
DOI	10.1128/AEM.01190-17
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Article: Domestic dogs in indigenous Amazonian communities: key players in

Guzmán, Diego A / Diaz, Eduardo / Sáenz, Carolina / Álvarez, Hernán / Cueva, Rubén / Zapata-Ríos, Galo / Prado-Vivar, Belén / Falconí, Mercy / Pearson, Talima / Barragán, Verónica

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2023

Abstract	Background: Leptospirosis is the world's most common zoonotic disease. Mitigation and control rely on pathogen identification and understanding the roles of potential reservoirs in cycling and transmission. Underreporting and misdiagnosis obscure the magnitude of the problem and confound efforts to understand key epidemiological components. Difficulties in culturing hamper the use of serological diagnostics and delay the development of DNA detection methods. As a result, especially in complex ecosystems, we know very little about the importance of different mammalian host species in cycling and transmission to humans. Methodology/principal findings: We sampled five indigenous Kichwa communities living in the Yasuní National Park in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin. Blood and urine samples from domestic dogs were collected to assess the exposure of these animals to Conclusions/significance: The high prevalence of antibodies and
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.09.19.558554
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Article ; Online: SaQuant: a real-time PCR assay for quantitative assessment of Staphylococcus aureus.

Wood, Colin / Sahl, Jason / Maltinsky, Sara / Coyne, Briana / Russakoff, Benjamin / Yagüe, David Panisello / Bowers, Jolene / Pearson, Talima

BMC microbiology

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 174

Abstract: Background: Molecular assays are important tools for pathogen detection but need to be periodically re-evaluated with the discovery of additional genetic diversity that may cause assays to exclude target taxa or include non-target taxa. A single well- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Molecular assays are important tools for pathogen detection but need to be periodically re-evaluated with the discovery of additional genetic diversity that may cause assays to exclude target taxa or include non-target taxa. A single well-developed assay can find broad application across research, clinical, and industrial settings. Pathogen prevalence within a population is estimated using such assays and accurate results are critical for formulating effective public health policies and guiding future research. A variety of assays for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus are currently available. The utility of commercial assays for research is limited, given proprietary signatures and lack of transparent validation. Results: In silico testing of existing peer-reviewed assays show that most suffer from a lack of sensitivity and specificity. We found no assays that were specifically designed and validated for quantitative use. Here we present a qPCR assay, SaQuant, for the detection and quantification of S. aureus as might be collected on sampling swabs. Sensitivity and specificity of the assay was 95.6 and 99.9 %, respectively, with a limit of detection of between 3 and 5 genome equivalents and a limit of quantification of 8.27 genome equivalents. The presence of DNA from non-target species likely to be found in a swab sample, did not impact qualitative or quantitative abilities of the assay. Conclusions: This assay has the potential to serve as a valuable tool for the accurate detection and quantification of S. aureus collected from human body sites in order to better understand the dynamics of prevalence and transmission in community settings.
MeSH term(s)	DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; Humans ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/genetics ; Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification
Chemical Substances	DNA, Bacterial
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Evaluation Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN	1471-2180
ISSN (online)	1471-2180
DOI	10.1186/s12866-021-02247-6
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