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  1. Article ; Online: State-level education policies: Opportunities for secondary prevention of child maltreatment.

    Rochford, Hannah I / Zeiger, Kalen D / Peek-Asa, Corinne

    Child abuse & neglect

    2023  Volume 136, Page(s) 106018

    Abstract: Background: Exposure to child maltreatment creates risk for adverse social, health, and economic outcomes across generations. The socioecological model posits the well-being of individuals, including children and youth, is shaped by the larger systems ... ...

    Abstract Background: Exposure to child maltreatment creates risk for adverse social, health, and economic outcomes across generations. The socioecological model posits the well-being of individuals, including children and youth, is shaped by the larger systems they exist in. Employing state-level policies to position school settings to effectively identify and intervene in instances of child maltreatment is an important secondary prevention opportunity.
    Objective: This study examines the relationship between state-level policies that call for school based trainings to promote the recognition of and response to child maltreatment, and states' annual rates of substantiated child maltreatment reports.
    Methods: Relevant policies were identified and abstracted to generate measures of policy presence and comprehensiveness. The National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System was used to derive rates of substantiated child maltreatment reports by state and year. Child maltreatment rates were the dependent variable and policy measures were the primary explanatory variables in a difference-in-differences (DD) model series with state-level clustering and year-fixed effects.
    Results: The DD model series suggest significant, positive relationships between the presence of policies calling for school-based recognition and response training and child abuse (IRR 1.140, p = 0.04) as well as child physical abuse outcomes (IRR 1.150, p = 0.05). Sensitivity analyses suggest the relationships between policy presence and abuse outcomes were stronger for children than for adolescents.
    Conclusion: These findings suggest that related policies may be effective secondary prevention tools for child maltreatment.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Secondary Prevention ; Child Abuse/prevention & control ; Physical Abuse ; Educational Status ; Policy
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 799143-5
    ISSN 1873-7757 ; 0145-2134
    ISSN (online) 1873-7757
    ISSN 0145-2134
    DOI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.106018
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Health in All (Competing) Policies: The Case of Furniture Flammability Standards.

    Peek-Asa, Corinne

    American journal of public health

    2019  Volume 109, Issue 9, Page(s) 1157–1158

    MeSH term(s) Fires ; Flame Retardants ; Interior Design and Furnishings ; Massachusetts ; Policy
    Chemical Substances Flame Retardants
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 121100-6
    ISSN 1541-0048 ; 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
    ISSN (online) 1541-0048
    ISSN 0090-0036 ; 0002-9572
    DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2019.305212
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The "Boyfriend Loophole" and Intimate Partner Homicides: A Longitudinal Analysis Using the National Violent Death Reporting System.

    Rochford, Hannah I / Berg, Mark / Peek-Asa, Corinne

    Journal of prevention (2022)

    2022  Volume 43, Issue 6, Page(s) 739–757

    Abstract: Intimate partner homicides (IPHs) often occur in the context of violent relationships, and firearms often facilitate lethal outcomes. Accordingly, policies have been implemented to reduce firearm access among individuals with histories of intimate ... ...

    Abstract Intimate partner homicides (IPHs) often occur in the context of violent relationships, and firearms often facilitate lethal outcomes. Accordingly, policies have been implemented to reduce firearm access among individuals with histories of intimate partner violence (IPV) or violent propensities. There is considerable variation, however, in the enactment and implementation of such state-level firearm protection laws. Some states fail to extend IPV-related firearm related protections to dating partners, creating what has been referred to elsewhere as the "boyfriend loophole", or what will be referred to here as the "partner loophole". The goal of this analysis was to examine trends in National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) data to assess the relationship of IPHs among unmarried victims in association with state partner loopholes. State policies were abstracted to identify partner loopholes. A series of negative binomial generalized estimating equations were performed using lagged policy variables, year fixed-effects, robust standard errors, and errors clustered by state. Model findings suggest that increased firearm access is related to higher rates of unmarried IPH victimization, however, the associations between the presence of a partner loophole and IPH rates amongst unmarried victims varied between racial subgroups. Significant, protective relationships with closed partner loopholes were identified for the IPH rates amongst white unmarried victims, however, not amongst victims of color. The partner loophole policies considered here, and other individual IPV-related and/or firearm-related policies may be an important component of protections, however, our findings suggest they are not independently sufficient to equitably reduce the burden of IPH. Continuing to develop public health and policy evaluation literature will be essential to progressing towards a policy landscape and cultural environment that are equitably protective.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Homicide ; Firearms ; Intimate Partner Violence ; Age Distribution ; Cause of Death
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-10
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2731-5541
    ISSN (online) 2731-5541
    DOI 10.1007/s10935-022-00699-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Beyond GPS: Improved study of bicycling exposure through added use of video data.

    Hamann, Cara J / Peek-Asa, Corinne

    Journal of transport & health

    2022  Volume 4, Page(s) 363–372

    Abstract: Bicycling has become increasingly popular in the United States in recent years for both recreation and utilitarian purposes. Yet, attributes of the bicycle riding experience and riding differences between adults and children and males and females are not ...

    Abstract Bicycling has become increasingly popular in the United States in recent years for both recreation and utilitarian purposes. Yet, attributes of the bicycle riding experience and riding differences between adults and children and males and females are not well documented. Most existing data on bicycling trip characteristics are based on self-reported interviews or surveys, which are prone to recall bias. The purpose of this exploratory study was to capture naturalistic bicycling data to examine trip characteristics and compare exposure classification accuracy between GPS and video data. We enrolled 10 children and 10 adults and captured their bicycling trips for one week each using PedalPortal, a GPS-enabled helmet camera data capture and coding system developed by the authors and a team of engineering students. Overall, 261 trips, 57 hours, and 670 miles of bicycling were captured. The video data allowed for correct classification of riding location (sidewalk, bicycle lane, street, etc.), an advantage over GPS data alone. Child trips were significantly shorter in both time and distance than adult trips (p<0.01). The majority of male trips were commutes (69.8% child, 60.5% adult), while female trips were more evenly distributed among commute, non-commute utilitarian, and recreation. Adults primarily chose paved streets with no bicycle facilities, but also sought out on-road bicycle facilities (bike lanes and shared lane markings). Children rode most frequently on sidewalks. Results from this study demonstrate that the addition of video data can improve classification of bicycling exposure and differences by age and gender that can help planners and engineers better understand bicyclist behavior variations and increase safety by selecting appropriate and targeted countermeasures.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-30
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2214-1405
    ISSN 2214-1405
    DOI 10.1016/j.jth.2016.11.006
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Direct medical charges of all parties in teen-involved vehicle crashes by culpability.

    Peek-Asa, Corinne / Zhang, Ling / Hamann, Cara J / O'Neal, Elizabeth / Yang, Jingzhen

    Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention

    2023  Volume 29, Issue 4, Page(s) 334–339

    Abstract: Background: Motor vehicle crashes among teen drivers often involve passengers in the teen's vehicle and occupants of other vehicles, and the full cost burden for all individuals is largely unknown. This analysis estimated direct hospitalisation and ... ...

    Abstract Background: Motor vehicle crashes among teen drivers often involve passengers in the teen's vehicle and occupants of other vehicles, and the full cost burden for all individuals is largely unknown. This analysis estimated direct hospitalisation and emergency department charges for teen-involved crashes by teen culpability, comparing charges for the teen driver, passengers and occupants of other vehicles.
    Methods: Probabilistic linkage was performed to link the Iowa police crash reports with Iowa emergency department and Iowa hospital inpatient data. Teen drivers aged 14-17 involved in a crash from 2016 through 2020 were included. Teen culpability was determined through the crash report and examined by teen and crash characteristics. Direct medical charges were estimated from charges through linkage to the Iowa hospital inpatient and the Iowa emergency department databases.
    Results: Among the 28 062 teen drivers involved in vehicle crashes in Iowa between 2016 and 2020, 62.1% were culpable and 37.9% were not culpable. For all parties involved, the inpatient charges were $20.5 million in culpable crashes and $7.2 million in non-culpable crashes. The emergency department charges were $18.7 million in teen culpable crashes and $6.8 million in teen non-culpable crashes. Of the $20.5 million total inpatient charges in which a teen driver was culpable, charges of $9.5 million (46.3%) were for the injured teen driver and $11.0 million (53.7%) for other involved parties.
    Conclusions: Culpable teen-involved crashes lead to higher proportions of injury and higher medical charges, with most of these charges covering other individuals in the crash.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adolescent ; Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control ; Hospitalization ; Databases, Factual ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Automobile Driving
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1433667-4
    ISSN 1475-5785 ; 1353-8047
    ISSN (online) 1475-5785
    ISSN 1353-8047
    DOI 10.1136/ip-2022-044841
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Traumatic head injuries in Moldova: a cross-sectional analysis of medical registry data.

    Cociu, Svetlana / Hamann, Cara J / Cebanu, Serghei / Cazacu-Stratu, Angela / Coman, Mădălina Adina / Peek-Asa, Corinne

    Folia medica

    2024  Volume 65, Issue 5, Page(s) 775–782

    Abstract: Aim: The aims of this study were to evaluate the demographics and crash profiles of road traffic-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients treated at two emergency departments in the Republic of Moldova, and to identify areas for prevention. ...

    Abstract Aim: The aims of this study were to evaluate the demographics and crash profiles of road traffic-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients treated at two emergency departments in the Republic of Moldova, and to identify areas for prevention.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Accidents, Traffic ; Moldova/epidemiology ; Routinely Collected Health Data ; Craniocerebral Trauma/epidemiology ; Wounds and Injuries
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-14
    Publishing country Bulgaria
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 300275-5
    ISSN 1314-2143 ; 0430-8638 ; 0204-8043
    ISSN (online) 1314-2143
    ISSN 0430-8638 ; 0204-8043
    DOI 10.3897/folmed.65.e91262
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  7. Article ; Online: Informing traffic enforcement leniency and discretion: Crash culpability and the effectiveness of written warnings versus citations.

    Hamann, Cara J / Jansson, Stephanie / Wendt, Linder / Cavanaugh, Joseph E / Peek-Asa, Corinne

    Accident; analysis and prevention

    2023  Volume 189, Page(s) 107121

    Abstract: Objectives: Deterrence of risky driving behavior is important for the prevention of crashes and injuries. Traffic law enforcement is a key strategy used to decrease risky driving, but there is little evidence on the deterrent effect of issuing warnings ... ...

    Abstract Objectives: Deterrence of risky driving behavior is important for the prevention of crashes and injuries. Traffic law enforcement is a key strategy used to decrease risky driving, but there is little evidence on the deterrent effect of issuing warnings versus citations to drivers regarding the prevention of future crashes. The purpose of this study was to 1) investigate the difference between citations and written warnings in their association with future crash culpability and 2) investigate whether drivers who were issued written warnings or citations have different associations with future crash culpability likelihood than those without prior citations or written warnings.
    Methods: Data for this study included Iowa Department of Transportation crash data for 2016 to 2019 linked to data from the Iowa Court Case Management System. A quasi-induced exposure method was used based on driver pairs involved in the same collision in which one driver was deemed culpable and one was non-culpable. Conditional logistic regression models were constructed to examine predictors of crash culpability. The main independent variable was traffic citation and warnings history categorized into moving warning, non-moving warning, moving citation, non-moving citation, or no citation or warning in the 30 days prior to the crash.
    Results: The study sample included a total of 152,986 drivers. Among drivers with moving violations, previously cited drivers were more likely to be crash culpable than previously warned drivers (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.29-2.08). Drivers with prior non-moving citations were less likely to be the culpable party in a crash than a driver who had no recent warnings or citations (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.58-0.89). Drivers with prior warnings (moving or non-moving) did not appreciably differ in crash culpability relative to drivers who had not received any citations or warnings in the previous 30 days.
    Conclusions: Drivers with prior moving citations were more likely to be culpable in a future crash than drivers with prior moving warnings, which may relate to overall driving riskiness as opposed to effectiveness of citations in deterring risky driving behaviors. Results from this study also suggest that officer discretion was being appropriately applied by citing the riskiest drivers, while giving lower risk drivers warnings. Results from this study may be useful to support strengthening of state driver improvement programming.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control ; Automobile Driving ; Law Enforcement/methods ; Logistic Models ; Iowa
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 210223-7
    ISSN 1879-2057 ; 0001-4575
    ISSN (online) 1879-2057
    ISSN 0001-4575
    DOI 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107121
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  8. Article ; Online: Prevalence of workplace violence against young workers in the United States.

    Rauscher, Kimberly / Casteel, Carri / Davis, Jonathan / Myers, Douglas / Peek-Asa, Corinne

    American journal of industrial medicine

    2023  Volume 66, Issue 6, Page(s) 462–471

    Abstract: Background: Workers under the age of 25 may be at particular risk for workplace violence, given their predominant employment in the high-risk retail and service industries. Little research exists, however, that estimates the scope of the problem within ... ...

    Abstract Background: Workers under the age of 25 may be at particular risk for workplace violence, given their predominant employment in the high-risk retail and service industries. Little research exists, however, that estimates the scope of the problem within this population. To fill this gap, we conducted the first national study of workplace violence against young people in the United States.
    Methods: We analyzed survey data collected via telephone interview from a national sample of 1031 young workers ages 14 through 24 who held a formal job in the last 12 months. Weighted frequencies were calculated and χ
    Results: Many youth experience workplace violence (60%). Verbal abuse of the sort that made victims feel scared and unsafe (53%) and sexual harassment (24%) were the most commonly reported forms of violence. Females were more likely than males to experience workplace violence overall (p < 0.001) and sexual harassment (p < 0.001) in particular. Males were more likely to experience verbal abuse (p < 0.001). Workplace violence was most prevalent among workers in healthcare settings and eating and drinking places. The occupation with the highest prevalence of workplace violence was customer service.
    Conclusions: Workplace violence is common among young workers in the United States and more widespread than prior estimates have suggested. This study is the first to provide a true national prevalence estimate of the problem of workplace violence among young workers ages 14 to 24 in the United States. These findings should be used to locate areas of concern and target resources where they are needed most to address this significant problem.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Female ; Adolescent ; Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Workplace Violence ; Prevalence ; Aggression ; Sexual Harassment ; Workplace ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 604538-8
    ISSN 1097-0274 ; 0271-3586
    ISSN (online) 1097-0274
    ISSN 0271-3586
    DOI 10.1002/ajim.23479
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  9. Article ; Online: Trends in pediatric passenger restraint use by rurality and age in Iowa, 2006-2019.

    Hamann, Cara J / Missikpode, Celestin / Peek-Asa, Corinne

    Traffic injury prevention

    2021  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 23–28

    Abstract: Objective: Pediatric restraint use has increased over time in the United States, but motor vehicle crashes remain a leading cause of death for children under age 18. Age-appropriate use of safety restraints (safety seats, booster seats, seat belt) and ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Pediatric restraint use has increased over time in the United States, but motor vehicle crashes remain a leading cause of death for children under age 18. Age-appropriate use of safety restraints (safety seats, booster seats, seat belt) and statewide child restraint laws can greatly reduce injury or death in the event of a crash. Surveillance of pediatric restraint use and compliance with policy can inform prevention efforts. This study aims to examine time trends in pediatric restraint use and compliance with pediatric passenger laws in Iowa by rurality and age.
    Methods: Fourteen years of Iowa observational pediatric restraint use data (2006-2019) are included in this cross-sectional study. Proportions of restrained youth by year, age, and rurality (rural, urban) were calculated. Log-linear models were used to compute the Annual Percent Change (APC) by year to explore trends in restraint use over time by rurality and by age group.
    Results: A total of 42,007 observed pediatric passengers with complete data from 2006 to 2019 were included in this study. Restraint use increased across all years and all age groups observed, with the largest increases among the older pediatric age groups. However, restraint use was consistently highest among the youngest child passengers. With all study years combined, the odds of being compliantly restrained were 13% lower in rural areas (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.80, 0.95) compared to urban areas.
    Conclusions: Restraint use was lower in rural areas and among older pediatric passengers, suggesting targeted efforts to increase restraint use among these groups may have the greatest impact on overall occupant protection.
    MeSH term(s) Accidents, Traffic ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child Restraint Systems ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Humans ; Iowa/epidemiology ; Seat Belts ; United States
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2089818-6
    ISSN 1538-957X ; 1538-9588
    ISSN (online) 1538-957X
    ISSN 1538-9588
    DOI 10.1080/15389588.2021.1995603
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Association between driver and child passenger restraint: Analysis of community-based observational survey data from 2005 to 2019.

    Missikpode, Celestin / Hamann, Cara J / Peek-Asa, Corinne

    Journal of safety research

    2021  Volume 79, Page(s) 168–172

    Abstract: Introduction: Crash data suggest an association between driver seatbelt use and child passenger restraint. However, community-based restraint use is largely unknown. We examined the association between driver seatbelt use and child restraint using data ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Crash data suggest an association between driver seatbelt use and child passenger restraint. However, community-based restraint use is largely unknown. We examined the association between driver seatbelt use and child restraint using data from a state-wide observational study.
    Methods: Data from Iowa Child Passenger Restraint Survey, a representative state-wide survey of adult seat belt use and child passenger safety, were analyzed. A total of 44,996 child passengers age 0-17 years were observed from 2005 to 2019. Information about driver seatbelt use and child restraint was directly observed by surveyors and driver age was reported. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between driver seatbelt use and child restraint adjusting for vehicle type, community size, child seating position, child passenger age, and year.
    Results: Over the 15-year study period, 4,114 (9.1%) drivers were unbelted, 3,692 (8.2%) children were completely unrestrained, and another 1,601 (3.6%) children were improperly restrained (analyzed as unrestrained). About half of unbelted drivers had their child passengers unrestrained (51.8%), while nearly all belted drivers had their child passengers properly restrained (92.3%). Compared with belted drivers, unbelted drivers had an 11-fold increased odds of driving an unrestrained child passenger (OR = 11.19, 95%CI = 10.36, 12.09). The association between driver seatbelt use and child restraint was much stronger among teenage drivers. Unbelted teenage drivers were 33-fold more likely (OR = 33.34, 95%CI = 21.11, 52.64) to have an unrestrained child passenger.
    Conclusion: These data suggest that efforts to increase driver seatbelt use may also have the added benefit of increasing child restraint use. Practical applications: Enforcement of child passenger laws and existing education programs for new drivers could be leveraged to increase awareness of the benefits of seatbelt use for both drivers themselves and their occupants. Interventions aimed at rural parents could emphasize the importance of child safety restraints.
    MeSH term(s) Accidents, Traffic ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Automobile Driving ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Logistic Models ; Seat Belts ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-16
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Observational Study ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2015321-1
    ISSN 1879-1247 ; 0022-4375
    ISSN (online) 1879-1247
    ISSN 0022-4375
    DOI 10.1016/j.jsr.2021.08.016
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