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Article ; Online: Retinal topography and spectral sensitivity of the Port Jackson shark (Heterodontus portusjacksoni).

Peel, Lauren R / Collin, Shaun P / Hart, Nathan S

2020 Volume 528, Issue 17, Page(s) 2831–2847

Abstract: In this study, we investigated the visual system of the Port Jackson shark Heterodontus portusjacksoni, a shallow-dwelling benthic species and generalist predator endemic to the temperate coastal waters around southern Australia. Measurements of retinal ... ...

Abstract	In this study, we investigated the visual system of the Port Jackson shark Heterodontus portusjacksoni, a shallow-dwelling benthic species and generalist predator endemic to the temperate coastal waters around southern Australia. Measurements of retinal spectral sensitivity in juvenile sharks, made using single flash and heterochromatic flicker photometry under conditions of dark- or light-adaptation, indicated a peak sensitivity at around 500 nm, with no evidence of a spectral shift with increasing levels of light adaptation. Histological sections of the retina revealed a heavily rod dominated retina containing only a few small cell profiles in the photoreceptor layer that might represent a sparse cone population or may be immature rods. Assessment of retinal topography in juvenile sharks indicated the presence of a distinct specialisation for increased visual spatial acuity in the form of a horizontal streak of higher rod photoreceptor (~80,000 rods mm
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Ocular/physiology ; Animals ; Dark Adaptation/physiology ; Female ; Male ; Photic Stimulation/methods ; Photometry/methods ; Retina/anatomy & histology ; Retina/cytology ; Retina/physiology ; Retinal Cone Photoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Retinal Rod Photoreceptor Cells/physiology ; Sharks/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-04-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3086-7
ISSN	1096-9861 ; 0021-9967 ; 0092-7317
ISSN (online)	1096-9861
ISSN	0021-9967 ; 0092-7317
DOI	10.1002/cne.24911
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Article ; Online: Elucidating the role of competition in driving spatial and trophic niche patterns in sympatric juvenile sharks.

Weideli, Ornella C / Daly, Ryan / Peel, Lauren R / Heithaus, Michael R / Shivji, Mahmood S / Planes, Serge / Papastamatiou, Yannis P

Oecologia

2023 Volume 201, Issue 3, Page(s) 673–688

Abstract: The coexistence of ecologically and morphologically similar species is often facilitated by the partitioning of ecological niches. While subordinate species can reduce competition with dominant competitors through spatial and/or trophic segregation, ... ...

Abstract	The coexistence of ecologically and morphologically similar species is often facilitated by the partitioning of ecological niches. While subordinate species can reduce competition with dominant competitors through spatial and/or trophic segregation, empirical support from wild settings, particularly those involving large-bodied taxa in marine ecosystems, are rare. Shark nursery areas provide an opportunity to investigate the mechanisms of coexistence. We used experimental and field studies of sympatric juvenile sharks (blacktip reef shark, Carcharhinus melanopterus; sicklefin lemon shark, Negaprion acutidens) to investigate how competitive ability influenced realized niches at St. Joseph Atoll, Seychelles. Captive trials revealed that sicklefin lemon sharks were dominant over blacktip reef sharks, consistently taking food rewards. In the field, blacktip reef sharks were captured over a broader area than sicklefin lemon sharks, but daily space use of actively tracked sharks showed a high degree of overlap across microhabitats. While stomach contents analysis revealed that blacktip reef shark diets included a broader range of prey items, stable isotope analysis demonstrated significantly higher mean δ
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ecosystem ; Sharks ; Nutritional Status
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-17
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-023-05355-4
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Article ; Online: Elucidating the role of competition in driving spatial and trophic niche patterns in sympatric juvenile sharks

Weideli, Ornella C. / Daly, Ryan / Peel, Lauren R. / Heithaus, Michael R. / Shivji, Mahmood S. / Planes, Serge / Papastamatiou, Yannis P.

Oecologia. 2023 Mar., v. 201, no. 3 p.673-688

2023

Abstract	The coexistence of ecologically and morphologically similar species is often facilitated by the partitioning of ecological niches. While subordinate species can reduce competition with dominant competitors through spatial and/or trophic segregation, empirical support from wild settings, particularly those involving large-bodied taxa in marine ecosystems, are rare. Shark nursery areas provide an opportunity to investigate the mechanisms of coexistence. We used experimental and field studies of sympatric juvenile sharks (blacktip reef shark, Carcharhinus melanopterus; sicklefin lemon shark, Negaprion acutidens) to investigate how competitive ability influenced realized niches at St. Joseph Atoll, Seychelles. Captive trials revealed that sicklefin lemon sharks were dominant over blacktip reef sharks, consistently taking food rewards. In the field, blacktip reef sharks were captured over a broader area than sicklefin lemon sharks, but daily space use of actively tracked sharks showed a high degree of overlap across microhabitats. While stomach contents analysis revealed that blacktip reef shark diets included a broader range of prey items, stable isotope analysis demonstrated significantly higher mean δ¹³C values for sicklefin lemon sharks, suggesting diverging dietary preferences. Overall, our results matched theoretical predictions of subordinate competitors using a greater range of habitats and displaying broader feeding niches than competitively dominant species. While separating the realized and fundamental niche of marine predators is complicated, we provide evidence that resource partitioning is at least partially driven by interspecific competition.
Keywords	Carcharhinus ; Negaprion acutidens ; atolls ; dominant species ; interspecific competition ; juveniles ; lemons ; sharks ; stable isotopes ; stomach ; sympatry ; Seychelles
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-03
Size	p. 673-688.
Publishing place	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	123369-5
ISSN	1432-1939 ; 0029-8549
ISSN (online)	1432-1939
ISSN	0029-8549
DOI	10.1007/s00442-023-05355-4
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Article: Using Aerial Photogrammetry to Assess Stock-Wide Marine Turtle Nesting Distribution, Abundance and Cumulative Exposure to Industrial Activity

Fossette, Sabrina / Loewenthal, Graham / Peel, Lauren R. / Vitenbergs, Anna / Hamel, Melanie A. / Douglas, Corrine / Tucker, Anton D. / Mayer, Florian / Whiting, Scott D.

Remote Sensing. 2021 Mar. 15, v. 13, no. 6

2021

Abstract: The lack of accurate distribution maps and reliable abundance estimates for marine species can limit the ability of managers to design scale-appropriate management measures for a stock or population. Here, we tested the utility of aerial photogrammetry ... ...

Abstract	The lack of accurate distribution maps and reliable abundance estimates for marine species can limit the ability of managers to design scale-appropriate management measures for a stock or population. Here, we tested the utility of aerial photogrammetry for conducting large-scale surveys of nesting marine turtles at remote locations, with a focus on the flatback turtle (Natator depressus) in the Pilbara region of Western Australia. Aerial surveys were conducted between 29 November and 6 December 2016 to overlap with the peak nesting season for flatback turtles and collected imagery was used to examine marine turtle distribution, abundance, and cumulative exposure to industrial activity relative to overlap with protected areas. Two observers independently reviewed aerial georeferenced photographs of 644 beaches and recorded turtle tracks and other evidence of turtle nesting activity. A total of 375 beaches showed signs of nesting activity by either flatback, green (Chelonia mydas) or hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) turtles. Most of these beaches (85.3%) were located on islands, and the rest (14.7%) on the mainland. Half (n = 174) of the active beaches showed evidence of fresh (0–36 h. old) flatback nesting activity, with track abundance varying from 1.0 to 222.0 tracks·night⁻¹. Six rookeries accounted for 62% of the Pilbara flatback stock. Remarkably, 77% of identified flatback rookeries occurred within protected areas. However, one-third (34%) of those were also located within 5 km of a major industrial site, including eight of the highest abundance beaches (50–250 tracks·night⁻¹). Several key rookeries were also identified as being relatively unexposed to industry-related pressures but currently unprotected, highlighting the need for a cumulative impact assessment to be completed for this flatback stock. Finally, our aerial tallies and multiple ground-survey flatback track tallies were highly correlated and together with low intra- and inter-observer errors suggested that reliable data can be collected via aerial photogrammetry for nesting marine turtles. Such large-scale digitized surveys can therefore be used to assess the cumulative exposure of marine turtles to pressures, and to reveal new conservation opportunities.
Keywords	Chelonia mydas ; Eretmochelys imbricata ; aerial photogrammetry ; cumulative exposure ; georeferencing ; industrial sites ; sea turtles ; Western Australia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-0315
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2513863-7
ISSN	2072-4292
ISSN	2072-4292
DOI	10.3390/rs13061116
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Article ; Online: Comparative population genomics of manta rays has global implications for management.

Humble, Emily / Hosegood, Jane / Carvalho, Gary / de Bruyn, Mark / Creer, Simon / Stevens, Guy M W / Armstrong, Amelia / Bonfil, Ramon / Deakos, Mark / Fernando, Daniel / Froman, Niv / Peel, Lauren R / Pollett, Stephen / Ponzo, Alessandro / Stewart, Joshua D / Wintner, Sabine / Ogden, Rob

Molecular ecology

2023

Abstract: Understanding population connectivity and genetic diversity is of fundamental importance to conservation. However, in globally threatened marine megafauna, challenges remain due to their elusive nature and wide-ranging distributions. As overexploitation ... ...

Abstract	Understanding population connectivity and genetic diversity is of fundamental importance to conservation. However, in globally threatened marine megafauna, challenges remain due to their elusive nature and wide-ranging distributions. As overexploitation continues to threaten biodiversity across the globe, such knowledge gaps compromise both the suitability and effectiveness of management actions. Here, we use a comparative framework to investigate genetic differentiation and diversity of manta rays, one of the most iconic yet vulnerable groups of elasmobranchs on the planet. Despite their recent divergence, we show how oceanic manta rays (Mobula birostris) display significantly higher heterozygosity than reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) and that M. birostris populations display higher connectivity worldwide. Through inferring modes of colonization, we reveal how both contemporary and historical forces have likely influenced these patterns, with important implications for population management. Our findings highlight the potential for fisheries to disrupt population dynamics at both local and global scales and therefore have direct relevance for international conservation of marine species.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1126687-9
ISSN	1365-294X ; 0962-1083
ISSN (online)	1365-294X
ISSN	0962-1083
DOI	10.1111/mec.17220
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Article: Stable isotope analyses reveal unique trophic role of reef manta rays (

Peel, Lauren R / Daly, Ryan / Keating Daly, Clare A / Stevens, Guy M W / Collin, Shaun P / Meekan, Mark G

Royal Society open science

2019 Volume 6, Issue 9, Page(s) 190599

Abstract: Stable isotope analyses provide the means to examine the trophic role of animals in complex food webs. Here, we used stable isotope analyses to characterize the feeding ecology of reef manta rays ( ...

Abstract	Stable isotope analyses provide the means to examine the trophic role of animals in complex food webs. Here, we used stable isotope analyses to characterize the feeding ecology of reef manta rays (
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2787755-3
ISSN	2054-5703
ISSN	2054-5703
DOI	10.1098/rsos.190599
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Article ; Online: Phylogenomics and species delimitation for effective conservation of manta and devil rays.

Molecular ecology

2020 Volume 29, Issue 24, Page(s) 4783–4796

Abstract: Practical biodiversity conservation relies on delineation of biologically meaningful units. Manta and devil rays (Mobulidae) are threatened worldwide, yet morphological similarities and a succession of recent taxonomic changes impede the development of ... ...

Abstract	Practical biodiversity conservation relies on delineation of biologically meaningful units. Manta and devil rays (Mobulidae) are threatened worldwide, yet morphological similarities and a succession of recent taxonomic changes impede the development of an effective conservation strategy. Here, we generate genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from a geographically and taxonomically representative set of manta and devil ray samples to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships and evaluate species boundaries under the general lineage concept. We show that nominal species units supported by alternative data sources constitute independently evolving lineages, and find robust evidence for a putative new species of manta ray in the Gulf of Mexico. Additionally, we uncover substantial incomplete lineage sorting indicating that rapid speciation together with standing variation in ancestral populations has driven phylogenetic uncertainty within Mobulidae. Finally, we detect cryptic diversity in geographically distinct populations, demonstrating that management below the species level may be warranted in certain species. Overall, our study provides a framework for molecular genetic species delimitation that is relevant to wide-ranging taxa of conservation concern, and highlights the potential for genomic data to support effective management, conservation and law enforcement strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Biodiversity ; Genome ; Gulf of Mexico ; Phylogeny
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-09
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1126687-9
ISSN	1365-294X ; 0962-1083
ISSN (online)	1365-294X
ISSN	0962-1083
DOI	10.1111/mec.15683
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Article ; Online: Global collision-risk hotspots of marine traffic and the world's largest fish, the whale shark.

Womersley, Freya C / Humphries, Nicolas E / Queiroz, Nuno / Vedor, Marisa / da Costa, Ivo / Furtado, Miguel / Tyminski, John P / Abrantes, Katya / Araujo, Gonzalo / Bach, Steffen S / Barnett, Adam / Berumen, Michael L / Bessudo Lion, Sandra / Braun, Camrin D / Clingham, Elizabeth / Cochran, Jesse E M / de la Parra, Rafael / Diamant, Stella / Dove, Alistair D M /

Dudgeon, Christine L / Erdmann, Mark V / Espinoza, Eduardo / Fitzpatrick, Richard / Cano, Jaime González / Green, Jonathan R / Guzman, Hector M / Hardenstine, Royale / Hasan, Abdi / Hazin, Fábio H V / Hearn, Alex R / Hueter, Robert E / Jaidah, Mohammed Y / Labaja, Jessica / Ladino, Felipe / Macena, Bruno C L / Morris, John J / Norman, Bradley M / Peñaherrera-Palma, Cesar / Pierce, Simon J / Quintero, Lina M / Ramírez-Macías, Dení / Reynolds, Samantha D / Richardson, Anthony J / Robinson, David P / Rohner, Christoph A / Rowat, David R L / Sheaves, Marcus / Shivji, Mahmood S / Sianipar, Abraham B / Skomal, Gregory B / Soler, German / Syakurachman, Ismail / Thorrold, Simon R / Webb, D Harry / Wetherbee, Bradley M / White, Timothy D / Clavelle, Tyler / Kroodsma, David A / Thums, Michele / Ferreira, Luciana C / Meekan, Mark G / Arrowsmith, Lucy M / Lester, Emily K / Meyers, Megan M / Peel, Lauren R / Sequeira, Ana M M / Eguíluz, Victor M / Duarte, Carlos M / Sims, David W

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

2022 Volume 119, Issue 20, Page(s) e2117440119

Abstract: Marine traffic is increasing globally yet collisions with endangered megafauna such as whales, sea turtles, and planktivorous sharks go largely undetected or unreported. Collisions leading to mortality can have population-level consequences for ... ...

Abstract	Marine traffic is increasing globally yet collisions with endangered megafauna such as whales, sea turtles, and planktivorous sharks go largely undetected or unreported. Collisions leading to mortality can have population-level consequences for endangered species. Hence, identifying simultaneous space use of megafauna and shipping throughout ranges may reveal as-yet-unknown spatial targets requiring conservation. However, global studies tracking megafauna and shipping occurrences are lacking. Here we combine satellite-tracked movements of the whale shark, Rhincodon typus, and vessel activity to show that 92% of sharks’ horizontal space use and nearly 50% of vertical space use overlap with persistent large vessel (>300 gross tons) traffic. Collision-risk estimates correlated with reported whale shark mortality from ship strikes, indicating higher mortality in areas with greatest overlap. Hotspots of potential collision risk were evident in all major oceans, predominantly from overlap with cargo and tanker vessels, and were concentrated in gulf regions, where dense traffic co-occurred with seasonal shark movements. Nearly a third of whale shark hotspots overlapped with the highest collision-risk areas, with the last known locations of tracked sharks coinciding with busier shipping routes more often than expected. Depth-recording tags provided evidence for sinking, likely dead, whale sharks, suggesting substantial “cryptic” lethal ship strikes are possible, which could explain why whale shark population declines continue despite international protection and low fishing-induced mortality. Mitigation measures to reduce ship-strike risk should be considered to conserve this species and other ocean giants that are likely experiencing similar impacts from growing global vessel traffic.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Endangered Species ; Plankton ; Sharks ; Ships
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	209104-5
ISSN	1091-6490 ; 0027-8424
ISSN (online)	1091-6490
ISSN	0027-8424
DOI	10.1073/pnas.2117440119
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Article ; Online: Diving into the vertical dimension of elasmobranch movement ecology.

Andrzejaczek, Samantha / Lucas, Tim C D / Goodman, Maurice C / Hussey, Nigel E / Armstrong, Amelia J / Carlisle, Aaron / Coffey, Daniel M / Gleiss, Adrian C / Huveneers, Charlie / Jacoby, David M P / Meekan, Mark G / Mourier, Johann / Peel, Lauren R / Abrantes, Kátya / Afonso, André S / Ajemian, Matthew J / Anderson, Brooke N / Anderson, Scot D / Araujo, Gonzalo /

Armstrong, Asia O / Bach, Pascal / Barnett, Adam / Bennett, Mike B / Bezerra, Natalia A / Bonfil, Ramon / Boustany, Andre M / Bowlby, Heather D / Branco, Ilka / Braun, Camrin D / Brooks, Edward J / Brown, Judith / Burke, Patrick J / Butcher, Paul / Castleton, Michael / Chapple, Taylor K / Chateau, Olivier / Clarke, Maurice / Coelho, Rui / Cortes, Enric / Couturier, Lydie I E / Cowley, Paul D / Croll, Donald A / Cuevas, Juan M / Curtis, Tobey H / Dagorn, Laurent / Dale, Jonathan J / Daly, Ryan / Dewar, Heidi / Doherty, Philip D / Domingo, Andrés / Dove, Alistair D M / Drew, Michael / Dudgeon, Christine L / Duffy, Clinton A J / Elliott, Riley G / Ellis, Jim R / Erdmann, Mark V / Farrugia, Thomas J / Ferreira, Luciana C / Ferretti, Francesco / Filmalter, John D / Finucci, Brittany / Fischer, Chris / Fitzpatrick, Richard / Forget, Fabien / Forsberg, Kerstin / Francis, Malcolm P / Franks, Bryan R / Gallagher, Austin J / Galvan-Magana, Felipe / García, Mirta L / Gaston, Troy F / Gillanders, Bronwyn M / Gollock, Matthew J / Green, Jonathan R / Green, Sofia / Griffiths, Christopher A / Hammerschlag, Neil / Hasan, Abdi / Hawkes, Lucy A / Hazin, Fabio / Heard, Matthew / Hearn, Alex / Hedges, Kevin J / Henderson, Suzanne M / Holdsworth, John / Holland, Kim N / Howey, Lucy A / Hueter, Robert E / Humphries, Nicholas E / Hutchinson, Melanie / Jaine, Fabrice R A / Jorgensen, Salvador J / Kanive, Paul E / Labaja, Jessica / Lana, Fernanda O / Lassauce, Hugo / Lipscombe, Rebecca S / Llewellyn, Fiona / Macena, Bruno C L / Mambrasar, Ronald / McAllister, Jaime D / McCully Phillips, Sophy R / McGregor, Frazer / McMillan, Matthew N / McNaughton, Lianne M / Mendonça, Sibele A / Meyer, Carl G / Meyers, Megan / Mohan, John A / Montgomery, John C / Mucientes, Gonzalo / Musyl, Michael K / Nasby-Lucas, Nicole / Natanson, Lisa J / O'Sullivan, John B / Oliveira, Paulo / Papastamtiou, Yannis P / Patterson, Toby A / Pierce, Simon J / Queiroz, Nuno / Radford, Craig A / Richardson, Andy J / Richardson, Anthony J / Righton, David / Rohner, Christoph A / Royer, Mark A / Saunders, Ryan A / Schaber, Matthias / Schallert, Robert J / Scholl, Michael C / Seitz, Andrew C / Semmens, Jayson M / Setyawan, Edy / Shea, Brendan D / Shidqi, Rafid A / Shillinger, George L / Shipley, Oliver N / Shivji, Mahmood S / Sianipar, Abraham B / Silva, Joana F / Sims, David W / Skomal, Gregory B / Sousa, Lara L / Southall, Emily J / Spaet, Julia L Y / Stehfest, Kilian M / Stevens, Guy / Stewart, Joshua D / Sulikowski, James A / Syakurachman, Ismail / Thorrold, Simon R / Thums, Michele / Tickler, David / Tolloti, Mariana T / Townsend, Kathy A / Travassos, Paulo / Tyminski, John P / Vaudo, Jeremy J / Veras, Drausio / Wantiez, Laurent / Weber, Sam B / Wells, R J David / Weng, Kevin C / Wetherbee, Bradley M / Williamson, Jane E / Witt, Matthew J / Wright, Serena / Zilliacus, Kelly / Block, Barbara A / Curnick, David J

Science advances

2022 Volume 8, Issue 33, Page(s) eabo1754

Abstract: Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal ... ...

Abstract	Knowledge of the three-dimensional movement patterns of elasmobranchs is vital to understand their ecological roles and exposure to anthropogenic pressures. To date, comparative studies among species at global scales have mostly focused on horizontal movements. Our study addresses the knowledge gap of vertical movements by compiling the first global synthesis of vertical habitat use by elasmobranchs from data obtained by deployment of 989 biotelemetry tags on 38 elasmobranch species. Elasmobranchs displayed high intra- and interspecific variability in vertical movement patterns. Substantial vertical overlap was observed for many epipelagic elasmobranchs, indicating an increased likelihood to display spatial overlap, biologically interact, and share similar risk to anthropogenic threats that vary on a vertical gradient. We highlight the critical next steps toward incorporating vertical movement into global management and monitoring strategies for elasmobranchs, emphasizing the need to address geographic and taxonomic biases in deployments and to concurrently consider both horizontal and vertical movements.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2810933-8
ISSN	2375-2548 ; 2375-2548
ISSN (online)	2375-2548
ISSN	2375-2548
DOI	10.1126/sciadv.abo1754
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