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Article ; Online: Brain "Globalopathies" cause mental disorders.

Peled, Abraham

2013 Volume 81, Issue 6, Page(s) 1046–1055

Abstract: Consciousness" "mood," "identity" and "personality" are all emergent properties from whole-brain organizations; these are typically disturbed in psychiatric disorders. This work proposes that the underlying etiopathology of mental disorders originates ... ...

Abstract	"Consciousness" "mood," "identity" and "personality" are all emergent properties from whole-brain organizations; these are typically disturbed in psychiatric disorders. This work proposes that the underlying etiopathology of mental disorders originates from disturbances to global brain dynamics, or "Globalopathies" that are divided into three major interdependent types (1) "Resting-State Networkpathies," in personality disorders, (2) "Entropiathies" in mood disorders, and (3) "Connectopathies" in psychosis and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Novel approaches of processing signals from the brain are beginning to reveal brain organization in health and disease. For example a "small world network" has been described for optimal brain functions and breakdown of that organization might underlie relevant psychiatric manifestations. A novel diagnostic reformulation can be generated based on pathologies of whole brain organizations, such new brain related diagnostic nosology is testable and thus can be validated. Once validated Globalopathies can provide for "Global-therapies" i.e., interventions that can reorganize the brain and cure psychiatric disorders. The technology for such interventions is becoming available.
MeSH term(s)	Brain/physiopathology ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/classification ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Mental Disorders/etiology ; Mental Disorders/pathology ; Models, Neurological ; Nerve Net/physiopathology ; Neuronal Plasticity/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	193145-3
ISSN	1532-2777 ; 0306-9877
ISSN (online)	1532-2777
ISSN	0306-9877
DOI	10.1016/j.mehy.2013.09.032
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Article ; Online: Differentiating facial incongruity and flatness in schizophrenia, using structured light camera data.

Tron, Talia / Peled, Abraham / Grinsphoon, Alexander / Weinshall, Daphna

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference

2017 Volume 2016, Page(s) 2427–2430

Abstract: Incongruity between emotional experience and its outwardly expression is one of the prominent symptoms in schizophrenia. Though widely reported and used in clinical evaluation, this symptom is inadequately defined in the literature and may be confused ... ...

Abstract	Incongruity between emotional experience and its outwardly expression is one of the prominent symptoms in schizophrenia. Though widely reported and used in clinical evaluation, this symptom is inadequately defined in the literature and may be confused with mere affect flattening. In this study we used structured-light depth camera and dedicated software to automatically measure facial activity of schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals during an emotionally evocative task. We defined novel measures for the congruence of emotional experience and emotional expression and for Flat Affect, compared them between patients and controls, and examined their consistency with clinical evaluation. We found incongruity in schizophrenia to be manifested in a less specific range of facial expressions in response to similar emotional stimuli, while the emotional experience remains intact. Our study also suggests that when taking into consideration affect flatness, no contextually inappropriate facial expressions are evident.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Emotions/physiology ; Face ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Light ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; Observer Variation ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; Schizophrenia/diagnostic imaging ; Software ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2694-0604
ISSN (online)	2694-0604
DOI	10.1109/EMBC.2016.7591220
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Article: Development of Technology for Assisting Violent Psychiatric Patients.

Katz, Reuven / Peled, Abraham / Grinshpoon, Alexander

Studies in health technology and informatics

2017 Volume 242, Page(s) 389–395

Abstract: Forceful restraint of psychiatric patients is lawful only in cases of violent uncontrolled behavior. The methods used to limit physical freedom are mainly mechanical means of confinement. The study presents a novel "Personal Protective System" designed ... ...

Abstract	Forceful restraint of psychiatric patients is lawful only in cases of violent uncontrolled behavior. The methods used to limit physical freedom are mainly mechanical means of confinement. The study presents a novel "Personal Protective System" designed to limit patients' violent actions but allow them free non- violent normal functioning.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	0926-9630
ISSN	0926-9630
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Article ; Online: "Clinical brain profiling": a neuroscientific diagnostic approach for mental disorders.

Peled, Abraham / Geva, Amir B

Medical hypotheses

2014 Volume 83, Issue 4, Page(s) 450–464

Abstract: Clinical brain profiling is an attempt to map a descriptive nosology in psychiatry to underlying constructs in neurobiology and brain dynamics. This paper briefly reviews the motivation behind clinical brain profiling (CBP) and presents some provisional ... ...

Abstract	Clinical brain profiling is an attempt to map a descriptive nosology in psychiatry to underlying constructs in neurobiology and brain dynamics. This paper briefly reviews the motivation behind clinical brain profiling (CBP) and presents some provisional validation using clinical assessments and meta-analyses of neuroscientific publications. The paper has four sections. In the first, we review the nature and motivation for clinical brain profiling. This involves a description of the key aspects of functional anatomy that can lead to psychopathology. These features constitute the dimensions or categories for a profile of brain disorders based upon pathophysiology. The second section describes a mapping or translation matrix that maps from symptoms and signs, of a descriptive sort, to the CBP dimensions that provide a more mechanistic explanation. We will describe how this mapping engenders archetypal diagnoses, referring readers to tables and figures. The third section addresses the construct validity of clinical brain profiling by establishing correlations between profiles based on clinical ratings of symptoms and signs under classical diagnostic categories with the corresponding profiles generated automatically using archetypal diagnoses. We then provide further validation by performing a cluster analysis on the symptoms and signs and showing how they correspond to the equivalent brain profiles based upon clinical and automatic diagnosis. In the fourth section, we address the construct validity of clinical brain profiling by looking for associations between pathophysiological mechanisms (such as connectivity and plasticity) and nosological diagnoses (such as schizophrenia and depression). Based upon the mechanistic perspective offered in the first section, we test some particular hypotheses about double dissociations using a meta-analysis of PubMed searches. The final section concludes with perspectives for the future and outstanding validation issues for clinical brain profiling.
MeSH term(s)	Brain/physiopathology ; Humans ; Mental Disorders/diagnosis ; Mental Disorders/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Validation Studies
ZDB-ID	193145-3
ISSN	1532-2777 ; 0306-9877
ISSN (online)	1532-2777
ISSN	0306-9877
DOI	10.1016/j.mehy.2014.07.013
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Article ; Online: Connectivity maps based analysis of EEG for the advanced diagnosis of schizophrenia attributes.

Dvey-Aharon, Zack / Fogelson, Noa / Peled, Abraham / Intrator, Nathan

PloS one

2017 Volume 12, Issue 10, Page(s) e0185852

Abstract: This article presents a novel connectivity analysis method that is suitable for multi-node networks such as EEG, MEG or EcOG electrode recordings. Its diagnostic power and ability to interpret brain states in schizophrenia is demonstrated on a set of 50 ... ...

Abstract	This article presents a novel connectivity analysis method that is suitable for multi-node networks such as EEG, MEG or EcOG electrode recordings. Its diagnostic power and ability to interpret brain states in schizophrenia is demonstrated on a set of 50 subjects that constituted of 25 healthy and 25 diagnosed with schizophrenia and treated with medication. The method can also be used for the automatic detection of schizophrenia; it exhibits higher sensitivity than state-of-the-art methods with no false positives. The detection is based on an analysis from a minute long pattern-recognition computer task. Moreover, this connectivity analysis leads naturally to an optimal choice of electrodes and hence to highly statistically significant results that are based on data from only 3-5 electrodes. The method is general and can be used for the diagnosis of other psychiatric conditions, provided an appropriate computer task is devised.
MeSH term(s)	Brain Mapping/methods ; Electroencephalography/methods ; Humans ; Schizophrenia/diagnosis ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0185852
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Article ; Online: MEG resting-state oscillations and their relationship to clinical symptoms in schizophrenia.

Zeev-Wolf, Maor / Levy, Jonathan / Jahshan, Carol / Peled, Abraham / Levkovitz, Yechiel / Grinshpoon, Alexander / Goldstein, Abraham

NeuroImage. Clinical

2018 Volume 20, Page(s) 753–761

Abstract: Neuroimaging studies suggest that schizophrenia is characterized by disturbances in oscillatory activity, although at present it remains unclear whether these neural abnormalities are driven by dimensions of symptomatology. Examining different subgroups ... ...

Abstract	Neuroimaging studies suggest that schizophrenia is characterized by disturbances in oscillatory activity, although at present it remains unclear whether these neural abnormalities are driven by dimensions of symptomatology. Examining different subgroups of patients based on their symptomatology is thus very informative in understanding the role of neural oscillation patterns in schizophrenia. In the present study we examined whether neural oscillations in the delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma bands correlate with positive and negative symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ) during rest. Resting-state brain activity of 39 SZ and 25 neurotypical controls was recorded using magnetoencephalography. Patients were categorized based on the severity of their positive and negative symptoms. Spectral analyses of beamformer data revealed that patients high in positive symptoms showed widespread low alpha power, and alpha power was negatively correlated with positive symptoms. In contrast, patients high in negative symptoms showed greater beta power in left hemisphere regions than those low in negative symptoms, and beta power was positively correlated with negative symptoms. We further discuss these findings and suggest that different neural mechanisms may underlie positive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Brain/physiopathology ; Brain Waves ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetoencephalography ; Male ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology ; Schizophrenic Psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-09-17
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2701571-3
ISSN	2213-1582 ; 2213-1582
ISSN (online)	2213-1582
ISSN	2213-1582
DOI	10.1016/j.nicl.2018.09.007
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Article ; Online: Altered Brain Network Dynamics in Schizophrenia: A Cognitive Electroencephalography Study.

Naim-Feil, Jodie / Rubinson, Mica / Freche, Dominik / Grinshpoon, Alexander / Peled, Abraham / Moses, Elisha / Levit-Binnun, Nava

Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging

2017 Volume 3, Issue 1, Page(s) 88–98

Abstract: Background: Alterations in the dynamic coordination of widespread brain networks are proposed to underlie cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. However, there is limited understanding of the temporal evolution of these networks and how they relate to ... ...

Abstract	Background: Alterations in the dynamic coordination of widespread brain networks are proposed to underlie cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. However, there is limited understanding of the temporal evolution of these networks and how they relate to cognitive impairment. The current study was designed to explore dynamic patterns of network connectivity underlying cognitive features of schizophrenia. Methods: In total, 21 inpatients with schizophrenia and 28 healthy control participants completed a cognitive task while electroencephalography data were simultaneously acquired. For each participant, Pearson cross-correlation was applied to electroencephalography data to construct correlation matrices that represent the static network (averaged over 1200 ms) and dynamic network (1200 ms divided into four windows of 300 ms) in response to cognitive stimuli. Global and regional network measures were extracted for comparison between groups. Results: Dynamic network analysis identified increased global efficiency; decreased clustering (globally and locally); reduced strength (weighted connectivity) around the frontal, parietal, and sensory-motor areas; and increased strength around the occipital lobes (a peripheral hub) in patients with schizophrenia. Regional network measures also correlated with clinical features of schizophrenia. Network differences were prominent 900 ms following the cognitive stimuli before returning to levels comparable to those of healthy control participants. Conclusions: Patients with schizophrenia exhibited altered dynamic patterns of network connectivity across both global and regional measures. These network differences were time sensitive and may reflect abnormalities in the flexibility of the network that underlies aspects of cognitive function. Further research into network dynamics is critical to better understanding cognitive features of schizophrenia and identification of network biomarkers to improve diagnosis and treatment models.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Attention/physiology ; Brain/physiopathology ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Inhibition (Psychology) ; Male ; Neural Pathways/physiopathology ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology ; Schizophrenic Psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-04-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2879089-3
ISSN	2451-9030 ; 2451-9022
ISSN (online)	2451-9030
ISSN	2451-9022
DOI	10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.03.017
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Article ; Online: Impairment in predictive processes during auditory mismatch negativity in ScZ: Evidence from event-related fields.

Sauer, Andreas / Zeev-Wolf, Maor / Grent-'t-Jong, Tineke / Recasens, Marc / Wacongne, Catherine / Wibral, Michael / Helbling, Saskia / Peled, Abraham / Grinshpoon, Alexander / Singer, Wolf / Goldstein, Abraham / Uhlhaas, Peter J

Human brain mapping

2017 Volume 38, Issue 10, Page(s) 5082–5093

Abstract: Patients with schizophrenia (ScZ) show pronounced dysfunctions in auditory perception but the underlying mechanisms as well as the localization of the deficit remain unclear. To examine these questions, the current study examined whether alterations in ... ...

Abstract	Patients with schizophrenia (ScZ) show pronounced dysfunctions in auditory perception but the underlying mechanisms as well as the localization of the deficit remain unclear. To examine these questions, the current study examined whether alterations in the neuromagnetic mismatch negativity (MMNm) in ScZ-patients could involve an impairment in sensory predictions in local sensory and higher auditory areas. Using a whole-head MEG-approach, we investigated the MMNm as well as P300m and N100m amplitudes during a hierarchical auditory novelty paradigm in 16 medicated ScZ-patients and 16 controls. In addition, responses to omitted sounds were investigated, allowing for a critical test of the predictive coding hypothesis. Source-localization was performed to identify the generators of the MMNm, omission responses as well as the P300m. Clinical symptoms were examined with the positive and negative syndrome scale. Event-related fields (ERFs) to standard sounds were intact in ScZ-patients. However, the ScZ-group showed a reduction in the amplitude of the MMNm during both local (within trials) and global (across trials) conditions as well as an absent P300m at the global level. Importantly, responses to sound omissions were reduced in ScZ-patients which overlapped both in latency and generators with the MMNm sources. Thus, our data suggest that auditory dysfunctions in ScZ involve impaired predictive processes that involve deficits in both automatic and conscious detection of auditory regularities. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5082-5093, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MeSH term(s)	Acoustic Stimulation ; Adult ; Anticipation, Psychological/physiology ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Brain/physiopathology ; Humans ; Magnetoencephalography ; Male ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology ; Schizophrenic Psychology ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-07-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1197207-5
ISSN	1097-0193 ; 1065-9471
ISSN (online)	1097-0193
ISSN	1065-9471
DOI	10.1002/hbm.23716
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Article: Impairment in predictive processes during auditory mismatch negativity in ScZ

Human Brain Mapping

Evidence from event-related fields

2017 Volume 38, Issue 10, Page(s) 5082–5093

Abstract: Examined impairment in predictive processes during auditory mismatch negativity in patients with schizophrenia (ScZ). ScZ patients show pronounced dysfunctions in auditory perception but the underlying mechanisms as well as the localization of the ... ...

Title translation	Beeinträchtigung der prädiktiven Prozesse bei auditorischer Mismatch-Negativität in ScZ: Evidenz aus ereigniskorrelierten Felder
Abstract	Examined impairment in predictive processes during auditory mismatch negativity in patients with schizophrenia (ScZ). ScZ patients show pronounced dysfunctions in auditory perception but the underlying mechanisms as well as the localization of the deficit remain unclear. To examine these questions, the current study examined whether alterations in the neuromagnetic mismatch negativity (MMNm) in ScZ-patients could involve an impairment in sensory predictions in local sensory and higher auditory areas. Using a whole-head MEG-approach, the MMNm as well as P300m and N100m amplitudes were investigated during a hierarchical auditory novelty paradigm in 16 medicated male ScZ-patients (mean age 37 years) and 16 controls (mean age 36 years). In addition, responses to omitted sounds were investigated, allowing for a critical test of the predictive coding hypothesis. Source-localization was performed to identify the generators of the MMNm, omission responses as well as the P300m. Clinical symptoms were examined with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the SCID. Results showed that event-related fields (ERFs) to standard sounds were intact in ScZ-patients. However, the ScZ-group showed a reduction in the amplitude of the MMNm during both local (within trials) and global (across trials) conditions as well as an absent P300m at the global level. Importantly, responses to sound omissions were reduced in ScZ-patients which overlapped both in latency and generators with the MMNm sources. Thus, the data suggest that auditory dysfunctions in ScZ involve impaired predictive processes that involve deficits in both automatic and conscious detection of auditory regularities.
Keywords	Auditive Wahrnehmung ; Auditory Perception ; Evoked Potentials ; Evozierte Potenziale ; Magnetoencephalography ; Magnetoenzephalographie ; Mismatch Negativity ; Mismatch-Negativität ; Schizophrenia ; Schizophrenie
Language	English
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1282068-4
ISSN	1065-9471
ISSN	1065-9471
DOI	10.1002/hbm.23716
Database	PSYNDEX

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Book: Digital signal processing

Peled, Abraham / Liu, Bede

theory, design, and implementation

1976

Author's details	Abraham Peled; Bede Liu
Language	English
Size	XV, 304 S., graph. Darst.
Publisher	Wiley
Publishing place	New York, NY u.a.
Document type	Book
ISBN	0471019410 ; 9780471019411
Database	Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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