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Article ; Online: On tackling abuse of older people: The forensic challenges in fatal cases investigation.

Giorgetti, Arianna / Pelletti, Guido / Fiorentini, Clara / Mazzotti, Maria Carla / Fais, Paolo / Pelotti, Susi

2024 Volume 67, Page(s) 102398

Abstract: The World Health Organization recently presented the priorities for tackling abuse of older people in a coordinated and strategic way. However, data on the forensic scenario is still lacking. In this context, the aim of the present work was to provide a ... ...

Abstract	The World Health Organization recently presented the priorities for tackling abuse of older people in a coordinated and strategic way. However, data on the forensic scenario is still lacking. In this context, the aim of the present work was to provide a comprehensive literature review of this inherently complex phenomenon in the post-mortem setting, in order to better characterize it from a forensic point of view. A comprehensive literature search was performed in three electronic databases following the PRISMA guidelines. Sociodemographic and medical data of victims and perpetrators, post-mortem data, types of abuse and risk factors were extracted from non-aggregated data. Forty-eight papers dealing with abuse in the post-mortem setting were included, with a predominance of case reports and case series. The review showed that neglect was the most common type of abuse and victims are predominantly older women who are abused in a domestic setting by trusted family member. To generate more and better data, expanded research in the forensic field requires standardized methods and the raise of professional awareness about abuse of older people.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Elder Abuse ; Autopsy ; Risk Factors ; Family
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-09
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019555-2
ISSN	1873-4162 ; 1344-6223
ISSN (online)	1873-4162
ISSN	1344-6223
DOI	10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102398
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Article ; Online: The Link between Prostanoids and Cardiovascular Diseases.

Beccacece, Livia / Abondio, Paolo / Bini, Carla / Pelotti, Susi / Luiselli, Donata

International journal of molecular sciences

2023 Volume 24, Issue 4

Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global deaths, and many risk factors contribute to their pathogenesis. In this context, prostanoids, which derive from arachidonic acid, have attracted attention for their involvement in cardiovascular ... ...

Abstract	Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global deaths, and many risk factors contribute to their pathogenesis. In this context, prostanoids, which derive from arachidonic acid, have attracted attention for their involvement in cardiovascular homeostasis and inflammatory processes. Prostanoids are the target of several drugs, but it has been shown that some of them increase the risk of thrombosis. Overall, many studies have shown that prostanoids are tightly associated with cardiovascular diseases and that several polymorphisms in genes involved in their synthesis and function increase the risk of developing these pathologies. In this review, we focus on molecular mechanisms linking prostanoids to cardiovascular diseases and we provide an overview of genetic polymorphisms that increase the risk for cardiovascular disease.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Prostaglandins ; Cardiovascular System ; Thrombosis ; Risk Factors
Chemical Substances	Prostaglandins
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2019364-6
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
ISSN (online)	1422-0067
ISSN	1422-0067 ; 1661-6596
DOI	10.3390/ijms24044193
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Article ; Online: Fatal coronary perforation during percutaneous coronary intervention: The medico-legal interest in establishing the correlation between in vivo imaging and post-mortem histopathology.

Pelletti, Guido / Fiorentini, Clara / Pirani, Filippo / Fais, Paolo / Pelotti, Susi

Forensic science, medicine, and pathology

2023

Abstract: A 64-year-old man diagnosed with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to place a stent in a branch of the first diagonal artery. Fifteen minutes after the procedure, the patient suffered a cardiac ... ...

Abstract	A 64-year-old man diagnosed with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) underwent elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to place a stent in a branch of the first diagonal artery. Fifteen minutes after the procedure, the patient suffered a cardiac arrest, which was subsequently determined to be caused by cardiac tamponade identified through ultrasound examination. Despite an hour of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the patient died and a forensic investigation was requested by the public prosecutor. On review of the coronary angiography images, an extravasation of contrast was noted, which was classified as a type II perforation according to the Ellis classification. Autopsy revealed a hemorrhagic suffusion area on the anterior surface of the left ventricle with suspected epicardial discontinuity. Histopathological examination confirmed a complete rupture of the vessel wall in the distal section of the branch where the stent was placed, accompanied by adjacent hemorrhagic and fibrin-platelet material. The diagnosis of coronary perforation is typically made through imaging and histological confirmation is rarely obtained. In the present case, the correlation between in vivo imaging and post-mortem histopathology not only facilitated the precise localization of the coronary perforation but also had significant medico-legal implications in the assessment of presumed medical liability.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2195904-3
ISSN	1556-2891 ; 1547-769X
ISSN (online)	1556-2891
ISSN	1547-769X
DOI	10.1007/s12024-023-00758-4
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Article ; Online: Detection of AP-237 and synthetic cannabinoids on an infused letter sent to a German prisoner.

Giorgetti, Arianna / Brunetti, Pietro / Pelotti, Susi / Auwärter, Volker

Drug testing and analysis

2022 Volume 14, Issue 10, Page(s) 1779–1784

Abstract: In the past years, new psychoactive substances (NPS) started circulating in prisons, leading to health risks and challenges for the criminal justice system. Seizures of papers and cards impregnated with synthetic cannabinoid (SCs) have been reported. In ... ...

Abstract	In the past years, new psychoactive substances (NPS) started circulating in prisons, leading to health risks and challenges for the criminal justice system. Seizures of papers and cards impregnated with synthetic cannabinoid (SCs) have been reported. In November 2021, a letter suspected to be drug-infused was sent from a German prison to this laboratory. Toxicological analyses were performed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for drug screening and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as well as high-performance (HP) LC with diode-array detection (DAD) for semi-quantification of the compounds. The novel synthetic opioid (NSO) AP-237 was detected on the letter, with an estimated concentration of 1.2 μg/cm
MeSH term(s)	Analgesics, Opioid ; Cannabinoids/analysis ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Humans ; Illicit Drugs/analysis ; Piperazines ; Prisoners ; Solvents ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid ; Cannabinoids ; Illicit Drugs ; MDMB-4en-PINACA ; Piperazines ; Solvents ; 1-N-butyryl-4-cinnamylpiperazine (17719-89-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2462336-2
ISSN	1942-7611 ; 1942-7603
ISSN (online)	1942-7611
ISSN	1942-7603
DOI	10.1002/dta.3351
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Article ; Online: Applicability and usefulness of the Declaration of Helsinki for forensic research with human cadavers and remains.

Scarpulla, Valentina / Amadasi, Alberto / Pelotti, Susi / Ingravallo, Francesca

Forensic science, medicine, and pathology

2022 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–7

Abstract: Bodies of deceased persons and human remains and their specimens (i.e., organs, bones, tissues, or biological samples) are essential in forensic research but ad hoc worldwide-recognized ethical standards for their use are still lacking. Such standards ... ...

Abstract	Bodies of deceased persons and human remains and their specimens (i.e., organs, bones, tissues, or biological samples) are essential in forensic research but ad hoc worldwide-recognized ethical standards for their use are still lacking. Such standards are needed both to avoid possible unethical practices and to sustain research in the forensic field. Pending consensus within the forensic science community regarding this topic, with this article we aim to stimulate a debate as to the applicability and usefulness of the Declaration of Helsinki in the field of forensic research involving human cadavers and remains. Considering the fundamental differences compared to clinical research involving human beings and the different moral obligations involved, we focus on the risks, burdens, and benefits of research, ethics committee approval, and informed consent requirements. The Declaration of Helsinki framework allows forensic researchers to focus on substantial ethical principles promoting the consistency, integrity, and quality of research. Consensus regarding ethical standards and the adoption of national and supranational laws that clearly regulate the use of human cadavers and remains, including those from autopsies, continues to be of primary importance for the forensic science community.
MeSH term(s)	Forensic Pathology/ethics ; Forensic Pathology/legislation & jurisprudence ; Helsinki Declaration ; Body Remains ; Cadaver ; Research/legislation & jurisprudence ; Research/standards ; Ethics Committees, Research/standards ; Informed Consent/ethics ; Informed Consent/standards ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2195904-3
ISSN	1556-2891 ; 1547-769X
ISSN (online)	1556-2891
ISSN	1547-769X
DOI	10.1007/s12024-022-00510-4
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Article ; Online: A Genome-Wide Analysis of a Sudden Cardiac Death Cohort: Identifying Novel Target Variants in the Era of Molecular Autopsy

Beccacece, Livia / Abondio, Paolo / Giorgetti, Arianna / Bini, Carla / Pelletti, Guido / Luiselli, Donata / Pelotti, Susi

Genes (Basel). 2023 June 15, v. 14, no. 6

2023

Abstract: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an unexpected natural death due to cardiac causes, usually happening within one hour of symptom manifestation or in individuals in good health up to 24 h before the event. Genomic screening has been increasingly applied as a ...

Abstract	Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an unexpected natural death due to cardiac causes, usually happening within one hour of symptom manifestation or in individuals in good health up to 24 h before the event. Genomic screening has been increasingly applied as a useful approach to detecting the genetic variants that potentially contribute to SCD and helping the evaluation of SCD cases in the post-mortem setting. Our aim was to identify the genetic markers associated with SCD, which might enable its target screening and prevention. In this scope, a case–control analysis through the post-mortem genome-wide screening of 30 autopsy cases was performed. We identified a high number of novel genetic variants associated with SCD, of which 25 polymorphisms were consistent with a previous link to cardiovascular diseases. We ascertained that many genes have been already linked to cardiovascular system functioning and diseases and that the metabolisms most implicated in SCD are the lipid, cholesterol, arachidonic acid, and drug metabolisms, suggesting their roles as potential risk factors. Overall, the genetic variants pinpointed herein might be useful markers of SCD, but the novelty of these results requires further investigations.
Keywords	arachidonic acid ; cardiovascular system ; cholesterol ; death ; drugs ; genome-wide association study ; genomics ; necropsy ; risk
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-0615
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	2527218-4
ISSN	2073-4425
ISSN	2073-4425
DOI	10.3390/genes14061265
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Validation and application of a method for the quantification of 137 drugs of abuse and new psychoactive substances in hair.

Barone, Rossella / Pelletti, Guido / Giorgetti, Arianna / Mohamed, Susan / Pascali, Jennifer Paola / Sablone, Sara / Introna, Francesco / Pelotti, Susi

Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis

2024 Volume 243, Page(s) 116054

Abstract: Introduction: In the dynamic universe of new psychoactive substances (NPS), the identification of multiple and chemically diverse compounds remains a challenge for forensic laboratories. Since hair analysis represents a gold-standard to assess the ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: In the dynamic universe of new psychoactive substances (NPS), the identification of multiple and chemically diverse compounds remains a challenge for forensic laboratories. Since hair analysis represents a gold-standard to assess the prevalence of NPS, which are commonly detected together with classical drugs of abuse (DoA), our study aimed at developing a wide-screen method to detect and quantify 127 NPS and 15 DoA on hair. Materials and methods: A multi-analyte ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry method for the identification and quantification of 127 NPS (phenethylamines, arylcyclohexylamines, synthetic opioids, tryptamines, synthetic cannabinoids, synthetic cathinones, designer benzodiazepines) and 15 DoA in hair samples was developed. A full validation was performed according to the European medicines Agency (EMA) guidelines, by assessing selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantification (LOQ), limit of detection (LOD), matrix effect and recovery. As a proof of the applicability, the method was applied to 22 authentic hair samples collected for forensic purposes. Results: Successful validation was achieved, by meeting the required technical parameters, for 137 compounds (122 NPS and 15 DoA), with LOQ set at 4 pg/mg for 129 compounds, at 10 pg/mg for 6 and at 40 pg/mg for 2. The method was not considered validated for 5 NPS, as LLOQ resulted too high for a forensic analysis (80 pg/mg). Among authentic forensic samples, 17 tested positive for DoA, and 10 to NPS, most samples showing positivity for both. Detected NPS were ketamine and norketamine, 5-MMPA, ritalinic acid, methoxyacetyl fentanyl, methylone and RCS-4. Conclusion: The present methodology represents an easy, low cost, wide-panel method for the quantification of 122 NPS and 15 DoA, for a total of 137 analytes, in hair samples. The method can be profitably applied by forensic laboratories. Similar multi-analyte methods on the hair matrix might be useful in the future to study the prevalence of NPS and the co-occurrence of NPS-DoA abuse.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Substance Abuse Detection/methods ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Illicit Drugs/analysis ; Analgesics, Opioid/analysis ; Cannabinoids/analysis ; Hair/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Illicit Drugs ; Analgesics, Opioid ; Cannabinoids
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604917-5
ISSN	1873-264X ; 0731-7085
ISSN (online)	1873-264X
ISSN	0731-7085
DOI	10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116054
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Article ; Online: A Genome-Wide Analysis of a Sudden Cardiac Death Cohort: Identifying Novel Target Variants in the Era of Molecular Autopsy.

Beccacece, Livia / Abondio, Paolo / Giorgetti, Arianna / Bini, Carla / Pelletti, Guido / Luiselli, Donata / Pelotti, Susi

Genes

2023 Volume 14, Issue 6

Abstract	Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is an unexpected natural death due to cardiac causes, usually happening within one hour of symptom manifestation or in individuals in good health up to 24 h before the event. Genomic screening has been increasingly applied as a useful approach to detecting the genetic variants that potentially contribute to SCD and helping the evaluation of SCD cases in the post-mortem setting. Our aim was to identify the genetic markers associated with SCD, which might enable its target screening and prevention. In this scope, a case-control analysis through the post-mortem genome-wide screening of 30 autopsy cases was performed. We identified a high number of novel genetic variants associated with SCD, of which 25 polymorphisms were consistent with a previous link to cardiovascular diseases. We ascertained that many genes have been already linked to cardiovascular system functioning and diseases and that the metabolisms most implicated in SCD are the lipid, cholesterol, arachidonic acid, and drug metabolisms, suggesting their roles as potential risk factors. Overall, the genetic variants pinpointed herein might be useful markers of SCD, but the novelty of these results requires further investigations.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Autopsy ; Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2527218-4
ISSN	2073-4425 ; 2073-4425
ISSN (online)	2073-4425
ISSN	2073-4425
DOI	10.3390/genes14061265
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Article ; Online: Medico-legal implications of dog bite injuries: A systematic review.

Giovannini, Elena / Roccaro, Mariana / Peli, Angelo / Bianchini, Simone / Bini, Carla / Pelotti, Susi / Fais, Paolo

Forensic science international

2023 Volume 352, Page(s) 111849

Abstract: Dog bites pose a significant global public health issue and are the most common type of injury caused by animals. While most dog bites result in minor harm, they can also lead to severe or even fatal consequences. In cases involving serious injury or ... ...

Abstract	Dog bites pose a significant global public health issue and are the most common type of injury caused by animals. While most dog bites result in minor harm, they can also lead to severe or even fatal consequences. In cases involving serious injury or death, forensic pathologists investigate various aspects, including the crime scene, the injuries sustained by the victim, and the characteristics of the dog suspected to have caused the bite. The aim of this study is to provide a systematic review of the literature on the medical-legal implications of dog bites in forensic practice, in order to recognize the dog bite victim features, the injuries and their consequences related to, and to identify the offending dogs. The literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science from January 1980 to March 2023. Eligible studies have investigated issues of interest to forensic medicine about dog bites to humans. A total of 116 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review and they were organized and discussed by issue of interest (biting dog features, dog bite victim features, anatomical distribution of dog bites, injuries related to dog bites, cause of death, bite features, dog identification and post-mortem dog depredation). The findings of this systematic review highlight the importance of bite mark analysis in reconstructing the events leading to the attack and identifying the dog responsible. In medical forensic evaluations of dog bite cases, a multidisciplinary approach is crucial. This approach involves thorough analysis of the crime scene, identification of risk factors, examination of dog characteristics, and assessment of the victim's injuries. By combining expertise from both human and veterinary forensic fields, a comprehensive understanding can be achieved in dog bite cases.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Dogs ; Animals ; Bites and Stings ; Forensic Medicine ; Crime ; Risk Factors ; Autopsy
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-27
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	424042-x
ISSN	1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
ISSN (online)	1872-6283
ISSN	0379-0738
DOI	10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111849
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Article ; Online: Impact on touch DNA of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer used in COVID-19 prevention.

Bini, Carla / Giorgetti, Arianna / Fazio, Giulia / Amurri, Sara / Pelletti, Guido / Pelotti, Susi

International journal of legal medicine

2023 Volume 137, Issue 3, Page(s) 645–653

Abstract: In the last years, forensic research has been focused on touch DNA in order to improve its evidential value in criminal activity investigations as well as to understand the variables impacting touch DNA. One of the emerging variables is represented by ... ...

Abstract	In the last years, forensic research has been focused on touch DNA in order to improve its evidential value in criminal activity investigations as well as to understand the variables impacting touch DNA. One of the emerging variables is represented by the use of alcohol-based sanitizers, which was suggested for hand hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aims of the present study were to assess the effect of a hand sanitizer on touch DNA deposition, transfer, and recovery and also to evaluate STR typing success, quality of DNA profiles, and personal identification. Before and after the use of an alcohol-based hand sanitizer, 20 volunteers deposited on glass surfaces 120 fingerprints, containing skin-derived or salivary DNA. Samples were quantified by real-time quantitative PCR (q-PCR), and 76 samples yielding > 15 pg/μl were typed for 21 autosomal STRs by GlobalFiler® PCR Amplification Kit. DNA profiles were classified into single source, mixed, and inconclusive profiles, and a LR assessment was performed by comparison to the reference samples using LRmix Studio software. After the use of hand sanitizer, samples yielded lower quantities of recovered transferred DNA, especially considering samples containing salivary DNA (p < 0.05 by Friedman test). All the 76 amplified samples (63.3% of the total) showed at least 10 typed loci, and 83-100% of profiles were consistent with the reference ones on the basis of a LR value ≥ 10
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Touch ; Hand Sanitizers ; Pandemics ; DNA Fingerprinting/methods ; Microsatellite Repeats ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Ethanol ; DNA/genetics
Chemical Substances	Hand Sanitizers ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M) ; DNA (9007-49-2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-24
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1055109-8
ISSN	1437-1596 ; 0937-9827
ISSN (online)	1437-1596
ISSN	0937-9827
DOI	10.1007/s00414-023-02979-2
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