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  1. Article ; Online: Rise of the human-mouse chimeric brain models

    Peng Jiang / Mahabub Maraj Alam

    Cell Regeneration, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2022  Volume 4

    Abstract: Abstract Human-mouse chimeras offer advantages for studying the pathophysiology of human cells in vivo. Chimeric mouse brains have been created by engrafting human fetal tissue- or pluripotent stem cell-derived progenitor cells into the neonatal mouse ... ...

    Abstract Abstract Human-mouse chimeras offer advantages for studying the pathophysiology of human cells in vivo. Chimeric mouse brains have been created by engrafting human fetal tissue- or pluripotent stem cell-derived progenitor cells into the neonatal mouse brain. This provides new opportunities to understand human brain development and neurological disorders.
    Keywords Human pluripotent stem cells ; Chimera ; Macroglia ; Astroglia ; Oligodendroglia ; Microglia ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SpringerOpen
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: A Transfer Residual Neural Network Based on ResNet-50 for Detection of Steel Surface Defects

    Luying Zhang / Yuchen Bian / Peng Jiang / Fengyun Zhang

    Applied Sciences, Vol 13, Iss 5260, p

    2023  Volume 5260

    Abstract: With the increasing popularity of deep learning, enterprises are replacing traditional inefficient and non-robust defect detection methods with intelligent recognition technology. This paper utilizes TL (transfer learning) to enhance the model’s ... ...

    Abstract With the increasing popularity of deep learning, enterprises are replacing traditional inefficient and non-robust defect detection methods with intelligent recognition technology. This paper utilizes TL (transfer learning) to enhance the model’s recognition performance by integrating the Adam optimizer and a learning rate decay strategy. By comparing the TL-ResNet50 model with other classic CNN models (ResNet50, VGG19, and AlexNet), the superiority of the model used in this paper was fully demonstrated. To address the current lack of understanding regarding the internal mechanisms of CNN models, we employed an interpretable algorithm to analyze pre-trained models and visualize the learned semantic features of defects across various models. This further confirms the efficacy and reliability of CNN models in accurately recognizing different types of defects. Results showed that the TL-ResNet50 model achieved an overall accuracy of 99.4% on the testing set and demonstrated good identification ability for defect features.
    Keywords steel defect detection ; transfer learning ; residual network ; interpretability ; CNN ; Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Physics ; QC1-999 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
    Subject code 006
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Generation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived fused organoids with oligodendroglia and myelin

    Hyosung Kim / Peng Jiang

    STAR Protocols, Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp 100443- (2021)

    2021  

    Abstract: Summary: Current knowledge on brain oligodendrogenesis, composed of three sequential waves from different regions, is mainly obtained from rodent studies. Oligodendroglial development and myelination in the rodent brain may not fully mirror those ... ...

    Abstract Summary: Current knowledge on brain oligodendrogenesis, composed of three sequential waves from different regions, is mainly obtained from rodent studies. Oligodendroglial development and myelination in the rodent brain may not fully mirror those processes in the human brain. Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol for generating fused forebrain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells. These fused organoids recapitulate human oligodendroglial developments, offering innovative insights into human myelination research in vitro.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Cameron-Curry and Le Douarin (1995), Kessaris et al. (2006), and Kim et al. (2019).
    Keywords Neuroscience ; Stem Cells ; Cell Differentiation ; Organoids ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: A Different Facet of p53 Function

    Di Shi / Peng Jiang

    Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Vol

    Regulation of Immunity and Inflammation During Tumor Development

    2021  Volume 9

    Abstract: As a key transcription factor, the evolutionarily conserved tumor suppressor p53 (encoded by TP53) plays a central role in response to various cellular stresses. A variety of biological processes are regulated by p53 such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, ...

    Abstract As a key transcription factor, the evolutionarily conserved tumor suppressor p53 (encoded by TP53) plays a central role in response to various cellular stresses. A variety of biological processes are regulated by p53 such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, senescence and metabolism. Besides these well-known roles of p53, accumulating evidence show that p53 also regulates innate immune and adaptive immune responses. p53 influences the innate immune system by secreted factors that modulate macrophage function to suppress tumourigenesis. Dysfunction of p53 in cancer affects the activity and recruitment of T and myeloid cells, resulting in immune evasion. p53 can also activate key regulators in immune signaling pathways which support or impede tumor development. Hence, it seems that the tumor suppressor p53 exerts its tumor suppressive effect to a considerable extent by modulating the immune response. In this review, we concisely discuss the emerging connections between p53 and immune responses, and their impact on tumor progression. Understanding the role of p53 in regulation of immunity will help to developing more effective anti-tumor immunotherapies for patients with TP53 mutation or depletion.
    Keywords p53 ; immune ; inflammation ; tumor microenvironment (TME) ; innate and adaptive immune response ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 572
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Estimation of cell lineages in tumors from spatial transcriptomics data

    Beibei Ru / Jinlin Huang / Yu Zhang / Kenneth Aldape / Peng Jiang

    Nature Communications, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 13

    Abstract: Cell type deconvolution in tumor spatial transcriptomics (ST) data remains challenging. Here, the authors develop Spatial Cellular Estimator for Tumors (SpaCET) to infer cell types and intercellular interactions from ST data in cancer across different ... ...

    Abstract Cell type deconvolution in tumor spatial transcriptomics (ST) data remains challenging. Here, the authors develop Spatial Cellular Estimator for Tumors (SpaCET) to infer cell types and intercellular interactions from ST data in cancer across different platforms, with improved performance over similar methods.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Identification of NOL-Ring Composite Materials’ Damage Mechanism Based on the STOA-VMD Algorithm

    Peng Jiang / Hui Li / Xiaowei Yan / Luying Zhang / Wei Li

    Polymers, Vol 15, Iss 2647, p

    2023  Volume 2647

    Abstract: This research utilized the sooty tern optimization algorithm–variational mode decomposition (STOA-VMD) optimization algorithm to extract the acoustic emission (AE) signal associated with damage in fiber-reinforced composite materials. The effectiveness ... ...

    Abstract This research utilized the sooty tern optimization algorithm–variational mode decomposition (STOA-VMD) optimization algorithm to extract the acoustic emission (AE) signal associated with damage in fiber-reinforced composite materials. The effectiveness of this optimization algorithm was validated through a tensile experiment on glass fiber/epoxy NOL-ring specimens. To solve the problems of a high degree of aliasing, high randomness, and a poor robustness of AE data of NOL-ring tensile damage, the signal reconstruction method of optimized variational mode decomposition (VMD) was first used to reconstruct the damage signal and the parameters of VMD were optimized by the sooty tern optimization algorithm. The optimal decomposition mode number K and penalty coefficient α were introduced to improve the accuracy of adaptive decomposition. Second, a typical single damage signal feature was selected to construct the damage signal feature sample set and a recognition algorithm was used to extract the feature of the AE signal of the glass fiber/epoxy NOL-ring breaking experiment to evaluate the effectiveness of the damage mechanism recognition. The results showed that the recognition rates of the algorithm in matrix cracking, fiber fracture, and delamination damage were 94.59%, 94.26%, and 96.45%, respectively. The damage process of the NOL-ring was characterized and the findings indicated that it was highly efficient in the feature extraction and recognition of polymer composite damage signals.
    Keywords acoustic emission ; glass fiber/epoxy NOL-rings ; composite materials ; matrix cracking ; variational mode decomposition ; pattern recognition ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
    Subject code 621
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Generation of iPSC-based human-mouse microglial brain chimeras to study senescence of human microglia

    Mengmeng Jin / Ziyuan Ma / Peng Jiang

    STAR Protocols, Vol 3, Iss 4, Pp 101847- (2022)

    2022  

    Abstract: Summary: Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol for generating human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based microglial mouse brain chimeras. In addition, we detail steps for intracerebral injection of pathological tau and magnetic cell isolation ... ...

    Abstract Summary: Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol for generating human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based microglial mouse brain chimeras. In addition, we detail steps for intracerebral injection of pathological tau and magnetic cell isolation of human microglia from chimeric mouse brains for single-cell RNA sequencing. Human microglia developed in chimeric mouse brains recapitulate the pathophysiology of microglia in human brain tissue, offering unprecedented opportunities to study human microglial senescence in vivo.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to (Jin et al., 2022b). : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.
    Keywords Cell isolation ; Single Cell ; Model Organisms ; Neuroscience ; Stem Cells ; Science (General) ; Q1-390
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Elsevier
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Easy Removal of Epiphytic Bacteria on Ulva (Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta) by Vortex with Silica Sands

    Xiaojie Liu / Jin Zhao / Peng Jiang

    Microorganisms, Vol 10, Iss 476, p

    2022  Volume 476

    Abstract: Macroalgae-associated bacteria play an important role in their algal hosts’ biological processes. They are localized on surfaces of the host thalli, as well as between and even within algal cells. To examine the differences in community structures and ... ...

    Abstract Macroalgae-associated bacteria play an important role in their algal hosts’ biological processes. They are localized on surfaces of the host thalli, as well as between and even within algal cells. To examine the differences in community structures and functions between epi- and endo- bacteria, an effective approach for maximizing epiphyte removal from delicate seaweeds while retaining endophyte fidelity must be developed. In this study, a variety of surface sterilization methods for Ulva prolifera were compared, including mechanical, chemical, and enzymatical treatments. According to the results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis, almost complete removal of epiphytic bacteria on Ulva was obtained simply by co-vortex of seaweeds with silica sands, causing minimal disturbance to endosymbionts when compared to previous published methods. In addition, the adaptability was also confirmed in additional U. prolifera strains and Ulva species with blade-like or narrow tubular thallus shapes. This easy mechanical method would enable the analysis of community composition and host specificity for Ulva -associated epi- and endo-bacteria separately.
    Keywords associated bacteria ; seaweed ; silica sand ; surface sterilization ; Ulva ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 540
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Dexmedetomidine Combined with Low-Dose Propofol Declines Learning and Memory Impairment and Neural Cell Injury in Developing Rats

    Xiaoxu Yin / Peng Jiang / Jing Li

    Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol

    2022  Volume 2022

    Abstract: Background. General anesthesia in early childhood may affect all aspects of neurodevelopment, resulting in learning and behavior defects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find safe anesthetics or put forward more comprehensive anesthesia schemes to ... ...

    Abstract Background. General anesthesia in early childhood may affect all aspects of neurodevelopment, resulting in learning and behavior defects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find safe anesthetics or put forward more comprehensive anesthesia schemes to solve the negative effects caused by existing anesthetics. The objective of this study is to explore the impact of dexmedetomidine (Dex) incorporated with low-dose propofol (PRO) on learning and memory ability and neural cells in developing rats. Methods. Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups including the Sham group, Lipid group, L-PRO group, and Dex + L-PRO group. After treatment, the spatial learning and memory ability of rats in each group were assessed by the water maze test and the passive avoidance test. The damage of hippocampal tissues was assessed by Nissl staining; the apoptosis, the levels of inflammatory factors, and the level of oxidative stress were measured by Tunel staining, ELISA, and biochemical assays, respectively. Besides, qRT-PCR and Western Blot determined the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, neurotrophic factors, and MAPK signaling pathway-related proteins in the hippocampus. Results. Compared with the L-PRO group, the Dex + L-PRO group had better spatial learning and memory ability. Administration of Dex and L-PRO greatly alleviated neural cell damage in the hippocampus and decreased the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Besides, it significantly decreased the content of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), when up-regulating the levels of IL-10, antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and BDNF, receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB), and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) related to hearing function and significantly lower activity of MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion. Dex combined with low-dose PRO can significantly inhibit inflammation, oxidative stress response, neuronal apoptosis, MAPK signaling pathway activity and promote the secretion of neurokines in hippocampus to reduce neural cell damage and avoid the ...
    Keywords Other systems of medicine ; RZ201-999
    Subject code 571
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Hindawi Limited
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: A Joint Denoising Learning Model for Weight Update Space–Time Diversity Method

    Yu Zhang / Dan Zhang / Zhen Han / Peng Jiang

    Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 2430, p

    2022  Volume 2430

    Abstract: Space–time diversity (STD) has been widely applied in underwater acoustic (UWA) communication due to its exceptional anti-multipath performance. However, underwater noise can seriously affect the processing results of STD. The conventional filtering ... ...

    Abstract Space–time diversity (STD) has been widely applied in underwater acoustic (UWA) communication due to its exceptional anti-multipath performance. However, underwater noise can seriously affect the processing results of STD. The conventional filtering algorithms cannot deal with the nonlinear components of underwater noise and may not work well for complex-type signals. This study proposes an improved STD method with a joint noise-reduction learning model for the above issues. We construct a noise-reduction learning model dedicated to complex-type UWA signals in the first stage. Complex-type features based on UWA data are extracted for pre-processing data, and a conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN) is used as the backbone network for noise-reduction. Residual learning is used to accomplish noise cancellation and yield noise-reduction estimates. In the second stage, an STD structure based on a weight update strategy is constructed. The STD structure can further constrain the weights of the signals from the main path, enhance the reception of the main path, and suppress the multi-access interference (MAI) caused by the spread spectrum communication. Finally, combining the signals on each path can improve the communication quality of the system based on the principle of the maximum signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR). The simulation and experiments on a lake showed that the proposed method is more robust over the changing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and has a lower bit error rate (BER) than conventional methods.
    Keywords underwater acoustic communication ; space–time diversity ; noise-reduction ; deep neural network ; weight update strategy ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 620
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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