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Article ; Online: Future of medical research in Sri Lanka: amidst economic chaos.

Perera, Nilanka / Gunatilake, Saman B

2023 Volume 100, Issue 1181, Page(s) 205–206

Abstract: Sri Lanka is facing an economic crisis and medical research is significantly affected at present with researchers facing many obstacles. Urgent remedial measures are required to overcome the current situation if medical research is to continue in Sri ... ...

Abstract	Sri Lanka is facing an economic crisis and medical research is significantly affected at present with researchers facing many obstacles. Urgent remedial measures are required to overcome the current situation if medical research is to continue in Sri Lanka.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Sri Lanka/epidemiology ; Biomedical Research
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80325-x
ISSN	1469-0756 ; 0032-5473
ISSN (online)	1469-0756
ISSN	0032-5473
DOI	10.1093/postmj/qgad077
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Article ; Online: Sustainable Energy, Engineering, Materials and Environment: current advances and challenges.

Perera, Noel

Environmental science and pollution research international

2019 Volume 26, Issue 29, Page(s) 29507–29508

MeSH term(s)	Engineering ; Renewable Energy
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-12
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-019-06385-3
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Article: Exploring COVID-related relationship extraction: Contrasting data sources and analyzing misinformation.

Sharma, Tanvi / Farea, Amer / Perera, Nadeesha / Emmert-Streib, Frank

Heliyon

2024 Volume 10, Issue 5, Page(s) e26973

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic presented an unparalleled challenge to global healthcare systems. A central issue revolves around the urgent need to swiftly amass critical biological and medical knowledge concerning the disease, its treatment, and containment. ... ...

Abstract	The COVID-19 pandemic presented an unparalleled challenge to global healthcare systems. A central issue revolves around the urgent need to swiftly amass critical biological and medical knowledge concerning the disease, its treatment, and containment. Remarkably, text data remains an underutilized resource in this context. In this paper, we delve into the extraction of COVID-related relations using transformer-based language models, including Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and DistilBERT. Our analysis scrutinizes the performance of five language models, comparing information from both PubMed and Reddit, and assessing their ability to make novel predictions, including the detection of "misinformation." Key findings reveal that, despite inherent differences, both PubMed and Reddit data contain remarkably similar information, suggesting that Reddit can serve as a valuable resource for rapidly acquiring information during times of crisis. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that language models can unveil previously unseen entities and relations, a crucial aspect in identifying instances of misinformation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2835763-2
ISSN	2405-8440
ISSN	2405-8440
DOI	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26973
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Article ; Online: Air pollutant dispersion around high-rise building cluster forms: the case of Port City, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Vidanapathirana, Malithie / Perera, Narein / Emmanuel, Rohinton / Coorey, Shaleeni

Environmental science and pollution research international

2023 Volume 30, Issue 41, Page(s) 94166–94184

Abstract: Air quality in dense urban environments is a growing concern, especially in rapidly developing cities. In the face of growing traffic associated with urbanisation, there is evidence for high levels of pollutant concentration at street level which is ... ...

Abstract	Air quality in dense urban environments is a growing concern, especially in rapidly developing cities. In the face of growing traffic associated with urbanisation, there is evidence for high levels of pollutant concentration at street level which is influenced by building forms. In this paper, we examine the potential effects of high-rise, cluster developments permitted by the local planning authorities in the newly established Port City development in Colombo, Sri Lanka. We designed possible building forms based on specific guidelines for the development in terms of plot coverage, floor area ratio, and maximum height. The three-dimensional building clusters were simulated using the RANS RNG k-epsilon turbulence model, to determine pollutant dispersion of a complex street formation in a high-dense high-rise building cluster, within the development and the surrounding context (existing Colombo). Results show that while increased porosity within the built fabric facilitates better pollution dispersion, a low correlation was seen between wind velocity and pollution concentration, especially in deep narrow high-rise canyons. Dispersion patterns at street level and at the urban canopy differed with each built form and are dependent on each canyon geometry. Thus, the study highlights the need for building regulations to take a holistic approach to capture the various elements of a complex urban cluster rather than the current two-dimensional parameters proposed for Port City, Colombo.
MeSH term(s)	Air Pollutants/analysis ; Cities ; Sri Lanka ; Models, Theoretical ; Air Pollution ; Wind ; Environmental Pollutants ; Vehicle Emissions/analysis
Chemical Substances	Air Pollutants ; Environmental Pollutants ; Vehicle Emissions
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1178791-0
ISSN	1614-7499 ; 0944-1344
ISSN (online)	1614-7499
ISSN	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-023-28986-9
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Article ; Online: Folate Supplementation in Women with Pre-Existing Diabetes.

Perera, Nayomi / Rudland, Victoria L / Simmons, David / Price, Sarah A L

Nutrients

2023 Volume 15, Issue 8

Abstract: Folate supplementation in the periconceptual period is the standard of care for the prevention of neural tube defects. To support dietary folate intake, some countries have introduced mandatory folic acid fortification of food products. Robust evidence ... ...

Abstract	Folate supplementation in the periconceptual period is the standard of care for the prevention of neural tube defects. To support dietary folate intake, some countries have introduced mandatory folic acid fortification of food products. Robust evidence supports the additional use of a low-dose folic acid supplement (0.4 mg/day) in all women from 2-3 months preconception until the end of the 12th week of gestation. For women with pre-existing diabetes, high-dose folic acid supplementation (5 mg/day) is recommended in some, but not all international guidelines. The recommendation is made based on consensus opinion and reflects the increased risk of neural tube defects in pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes. However, there is limited evidence to clarify the high-risk groups that benefit from high-dose folic acid versus those that do not. There are also some data to suggest that high-dose folic acid may be harmful to mothers and offspring, although this issue remains controversial. This narrative review explores the evidence that supports the recommendation for women with pre-existing diabetes to take high-dose folic acid in the periconceptual period. It explores the potential benefits of high-dose supplemental folate beyond the prevention of neural tube defects, and also the potential adverse impacts of high-dose folate use. These topics are considered with a specific focus on the issues that are pertinent to women with pre-existing diabetes. Based on the available evidence, a pragmatic approach to the use of folic acid supplements in women with pre-existing diabetes during the periconception period is suggested. The need for comprehensive preconception care that optimises glycaemic control and addresses other modifiable risk factors before pregnancy is emphasized.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Pregnancy ; Humans ; Folic Acid/adverse effects ; Dietary Supplements ; Neural Tube Defects/prevention & control ; Risk Factors ; Diabetes Mellitus/drug therapy
Chemical Substances	Folic Acid (935E97BOY8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu15081879
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Article ; Online: "If you miss that first step in the chain of survival, there is no second step"-Emergency ambulance call-takers' experiences in managing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest calls.

Perera, Nirukshi / Birnie, Tanya / Whiteside, Austin / Ball, Stephen / Finn, Judith

PloS one

2023 Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) e0279521

Abstract: When a person has an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), calling the ambulance for help is the first link in the chain of survival. Ambulance call-takers guide the caller to perform life-saving interventions on the patient before the paramedics arrive ...

Abstract	When a person has an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), calling the ambulance for help is the first link in the chain of survival. Ambulance call-takers guide the caller to perform life-saving interventions on the patient before the paramedics arrive at the scene, therefore, their actions, decisions and communication are integral to saving the patient's life. In 2021, we conducted open-ended interviews with 10 ambulance call-takers with the aim of understanding their experiences of managing these phone calls; and to explore their views on using a standardised call protocol and triage system for OHCA calls. We took a realist/essentialist methodological approach and applied an inductive, semantic and reflexive thematic analysis to the interview data to yield four main themes expressed by the call-takers: 1) time-critical nature of OHCA calls; 2) the call-taking process; 3) caller management; 4) protecting the self. The study found that call-takers demonstrated deep reflection on their roles in, not only helping the patient, but also the callers and bystanders to manage a potentially distressing event. Call-takers expressed their confidence in using a structured call-taking process and noted the importance of skills and traits such as active listening, probing, empathy and intuition, based on experience, in order to supplement the use of a standardised system in managing the emergency. This study highlights the often under-acknowledged yet critical role of the ambulance call-taker in being the first member of an emergency medical service that is contacted in the event of an OHCA.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Ambulances ; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/therapy ; Emergency Medical Service Communication Systems ; Emergency Medical Services ; Triage ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0279521
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Article ; Online: Can emergency dispatch communication research go deeper?

Perera, Nirukshi / Finn, Judith / Bray, Janet

Resuscitation plus

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 100192

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-10
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Editorial
ISSN	2666-5204
ISSN (online)	2666-5204
DOI	10.1016/j.resplu.2021.100192
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Article ; Online: Linkage, recombination and mutation rate analyses of 16 X-chromosomal STR loci in Sri Lankan Sinhalese pedigrees.

Perera, Nandika / Wijithalal, Ruvini / Galhena, Gayani / Ranawaka, Gaya

International journal of legal medicine

2022 Volume 136, Issue 2, Page(s) 415–422

Abstract: This study investigated genetic linkage, recombination fractions and mutation rates of 16 X chromosomal short tandem repeat (X-STR) markers using a recently developed multiplex PCR assay for Sinhalese population of Sri Lanka, by analyzing 81 three- ... ...

Abstract	This study investigated genetic linkage, recombination fractions and mutation rates of 16 X chromosomal short tandem repeat (X-STR) markers using a recently developed multiplex PCR assay for Sinhalese population of Sri Lanka, by analyzing 81 three-generation families including 81 grandfathers with daughters and 162 grandsons. In addition, 31 two generation families involving mother father daughter trios were included for mutation analysis. The analysis of recombination fractions between marker pairs identified two linkage blocks (maximum LOD scores > 3.0) each spanning a physical distance of 44.35 Mb and 6.04 Mb respectively. Though recombination events are usually rare among closely linked markers, crossovers were observed for markers located < 1.0 Mb apart. The recombination fractions observed are not fully concordant with those reported earlier, including the second-generation Rutgers combined linkage-physical map. This suggests that linkage is not uniform among different populations. However, the overall and marker-specific mutation rates of the present study did not differ from previous reports, though it needs confirmation with a much larger sample set. The findings presented here will provide the baseline information required for biostatistical calculations conducted using X-STR markers, in complex kinship analysis of Sinhalese population.
MeSH term(s)	Chromosomes, Human, X ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Mutation Rate ; Recombination, Genetic ; Sri Lanka
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-13
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1055109-8
ISSN	1437-1596 ; 0937-9827
ISSN (online)	1437-1596
ISSN	0937-9827
DOI	10.1007/s00414-021-02762-1
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Article: [MxyR of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Responds to Xylan; an Unusual Ligand for a MarR Family Transcriptional Regulator].

Mauran, S / Perera, N T / Perera, I C

Molekuliarnaia biologiia

2022 Volume 56, Issue 1, Page(s) 103–117

Abstract: Among the repertoire of MarR family transcriptional regulators in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, gene rv3095 (mxyR) encodes Mycobacterial Xylan Regulator, MxyR. Gene mxyR is divergently oriented from a hydrolase (rv3094c), oxidoreductase (rv3093c) and an ... ...

Abstract	Among the repertoire of MarR family transcriptional regulators in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, gene rv3095 (mxyR) encodes Mycobacterial Xylan Regulator, MxyR. Gene mxyR is divergently oriented from a hydrolase (rv3094c), oxidoreductase (rv3093c) and an ABC transporter (rv3092c) and convergently oriented with xylanase (rv3096). Xylanase is commonly used by plant pathogenic microbes where they degrade xylan, the major component of hemicellulose. We have purified the transcriptional regulatory protein encoded by rv3095 and its molecular interactions were studied in detail using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. MxyR interacts with its upstream intergenic region mxyO with high specificity and at a dissociation constant of 5.01 ± 0.017 nM. Notably, this binding is attenuated by specific carbohydrate ligands such as xylan, L-Arabinose and D-Galactose with an IC50 values of 22.7 ± 1.02 ng/μL, 360.8 ± 24.25 ng/μL and 2320.0 ± 96.97 μg/μL, respectively. Consequently, it is evident that this association changes the conformation of the DNA binding helix α4 making the transcriptional regulator incompatible with binding to its cognate DNA, allowing xylanase and other genes to be transcribed. This study establishes the natural ligands of MxyR of M. tuberculosis providing insight on metabolic regulation of the carbohydrate, xylan.
MeSH term(s)	Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Ligands ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Xylans
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins ; Ligands ; Transcription Factors ; Xylans
Language	Russian
Publishing date	2022-01-26
Publishing country	Russia (Federation)
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	213542-5
ISSN	0026-8984
ISSN	0026-8984
DOI	10.31857/S0026898422010074
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Article ; Online: Quantification of blue carbon in tropical salt marshes and their role in climate change mitigation.

Perera, Nipuni / Lokupitiya, Erandathie / Halwatura, Devanmini / Udagedara, Susantha

The Science of the total environment

2022 Volume 820, Page(s) 153313

Abstract: Vegetated coastal ecosystems (VCE) display a promising potential to act as natural carbon sinks in climate change mitigation. Although growing interest in wetland carbon has intensified the global level carbon stock estimation studies, large knowledge ... ...

Abstract	Vegetated coastal ecosystems (VCE) display a promising potential to act as natural carbon sinks in climate change mitigation. Although growing interest in wetland carbon has intensified the global level carbon stock estimation studies, large knowledge gaps and uncertainties remain, particularly in tropical salt marshes in the South and Southeast Asian regions. Therefore, the current study aims to quantify the organic carbon stocks in the salt marsh habitats on the Northwest coast of Sri Lanka and to showcase the relevance of salt marsh carbon in local and regional contexts. Vegetation and soil up to a depth of 50 cm were sampled from four sites representing the Wedithalathive Nature Reserve (WNR). Species-specific allometric relationships developed for the major succulent halophytic species indicated a significant positive correlation between dry biomass and plant height. The loss-on-ignition (LOI) technique was applied in combination with a carbon conversion factor to calculate the soil organic carbon (SOC) content across 4 depth intervals. The study provided an average total organic carbon (TOC) storage of 73 ± 14.47 Mg C ha
MeSH term(s)	Carbon ; Carbon Sequestration ; Climate Change ; Ecosystem ; Soil ; Wetlands
Chemical Substances	Soil ; Carbon (7440-44-0)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153313
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