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Article ; Online: The multifaceted nature of HIV tissue reservoirs.

Banga, Riddhima / Perreau, Matthieu

2024 Volume 19, Issue 3, Page(s) 116–123

Abstract: Purpose of review: To underline the complexity and the heterogeneity of the HIV reservoir.: Recent findings: While lymphoid tissues (spleen, lymph nodes, gut-associated lymphoid tissue) harbor specific subsets of specialized CD4 + T cells enriched ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: To underline the complexity and the heterogeneity of the HIV reservoir. Recent findings: While lymphoid tissues (spleen, lymph nodes, gut-associated lymphoid tissue) harbor specific subsets of specialized CD4 + T cells enriched in HIV-infected cells, non-CD4 + T cell reservoirs such as tissue-resident macrophages and dendritic cells have also been implicated to contribute to viral persistence. Moreover, studies have applied highly sensitive tools to detect transcriptional activity within HIV-infected cells during prolonged ART and revealed a broader spectrum of transcriptional activity for proviruses than previously thought. Finally, while a combination of factors might be involved in the regulation of HIV persistence within different tissues and remains to be fully elucidated, recent results from autopsy samples of HIV-infected ART suppressed individuals indicate extensive clonality of HIV reservoirs in multiple tissues and suggest that the recirculation of HIV-infected cells and their local expansions in tissues may also contribute to the complexity of the HIV reservoirs in humans. Summary: HIV persistence in blood and multiple tissues despite long-standing and potent therapy is one of the major barriers to a cure. Given that the HIV reservoir is established early and is highly complex based on its composition, viral diversity, tissue distribution, transcriptional activity, replication competence, migration dynamics and proliferative potential across the human body and possible compartmentalization in specific tissues, combinatorial therapeutic approaches are needed that may synergize to target multiple viral reservoirs to achieve a cure for HIV infection.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Proviruses ; Virus Latency ; Viral Load
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2502511-9
ISSN	1746-6318 ; 1746-630X
ISSN (online)	1746-6318
ISSN	1746-630X
DOI	10.1097/COH.0000000000000851
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Article ; Online: The Importance of QuantiFERON Gold Plus Test for the Diagnosis of Presumed Ocular Tuberculosis.

Bruzzone, Francesca / Plebani, Margherita / Koryllou, Aikaterini / Perreau, Matthieu / Guex-Crosier, Yan

Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde

2024 Volume 241, Issue 4, Page(s) 432–434

Title translation	Die Bedeutung des QuantiFERON Gold Plus-Tests für die Diagnose der vermuteten Augentuberkulose.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Tuberculosis, Ocular/diagnosis ; Interferon-gamma Release Tests/methods ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Sensitivity and Specificity
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-23
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article ; Case Reports
ZDB-ID	80175-6
ISSN	1439-3999 ; 0344-6360 ; 0344-6387 ; 0023-2165
ISSN (online)	1439-3999
ISSN	0344-6360 ; 0344-6387 ; 0023-2165
DOI	10.1055/a-2244-6657
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Article ; Online: Host Molecule Incorporation into HIV Virions, Potential Influences in HIV Pathogenesis.

Munoz, Olivia / Banga, Riddhima / Perreau, Matthieu

Viruses

2022 Volume 14, Issue 11

Abstract: During the last phase of HIV viral production, nascent HIV virions acquire a fraction of the cellular lipid membrane to create the external lipid envelope, a process by which cellular proteins present on the surface of the infected cell can be ... ...

Abstract	During the last phase of HIV viral production, nascent HIV virions acquire a fraction of the cellular lipid membrane to create the external lipid envelope, a process by which cellular proteins present on the surface of the infected cell can be incorporated along with Env trimers. Interestingly, several studies indicated that these incorporated host molecules could conserve their biological activity and consequently contribute to HIV pathogenesis either by enhancing the infectivity of HIV virions, their tissue tropism or by affecting immune cell functions. The following review will describe the main approaches used to characterize membrane bound host molecule incorporation into HIV virions, the proposed mechanisms involved, and the role of a non-exhaustive list of incorporated molecules.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; HIV-1/physiology ; Virion/metabolism ; Cell Membrane ; HIV Infections/metabolism ; Lipids
Chemical Substances	Lipids
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v14112523
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Article ; Online: Elite and posttreatment controllers, two facets of HIV control.

Mastrangelo, Andrea / Banga, Riddhima / Perreau, Matthieu

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

2022 Volume 17, Issue 5, Page(s) 325–332

Abstract: Purpose of review: The quest for HIV-1 cure could take advantage of the study of rare individuals that control viral replication spontaneously (elite controllers) or after an initial course of antiretroviral therapy (posttreatment controllers, PTCs). In ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: The quest for HIV-1 cure could take advantage of the study of rare individuals that control viral replication spontaneously (elite controllers) or after an initial course of antiretroviral therapy (posttreatment controllers, PTCs). In this review, we will compare back-to-back the immunological and virological features underlying viral suppression in elite controllers and PTCs, and explore their possible contributions to the HIV-1 cure research. Recent findings: HIV-1 control in elite controllers shows hallmarks of an effective antiviral response, favored by genetic background and possibly associated to residual immune activation. The immune pressure in elite controllers might select against actively transcribing intact proviruses, allowing the persistence of a small and poorly inducible reservoir. Evidence on PTCs is less abundant but preliminary data suggest that antiviral immune responses may be less pronounced. Therefore, these patients may rely on distinct mechanisms, not completely elucidated to date, suppressing HIV-1 transcription and replication. Summary: PTCs and elite controllers may control HIV replication using distinct pathways, the elucidation of which may contribute to design future interventional strategies aiming to achieve a functional cure.
MeSH term(s)	Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; HIV Infections ; HIV-1/physiology ; Humans ; Proviruses ; Viral Load ; Virus Replication
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2502511-9
ISSN	1746-6318 ; 1746-630X
ISSN (online)	1746-6318
ISSN	1746-630X
DOI	10.1097/COH.0000000000000751
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Article ; Online: Real-life drug retention rate and safety of rituximab when treating rheumatic diseases: a single-centre Swiss retrospective cohort study.

Dumusc, Alexandre / Alromaih, Fahad / Perreau, Matthieu / Hügle, Thomas / Zufferey, Pascal / Dan, Diana

Arthritis research & therapy

2023 Volume 25, Issue 1, Page(s) 91

Abstract: Background: In Switzerland, rituximab (RTX) is licenced for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) but is frequently used off-label to treat other auto-immune diseases (AID), especially connective tissue diseases ...

Abstract	Background: In Switzerland, rituximab (RTX) is licenced for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) but is frequently used off-label to treat other auto-immune diseases (AID), especially connective tissue diseases (CTD). We aimed to characterise the use of RTX in AID in a real-life Swiss setting and compare RTX retention rates and safety outcomes between patients treated for RA, CTD and AAV. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients who started RTX in the Rheumatology Department for RA or AID. The RTX retention rate was analysed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Occurrences of serious adverse events (SAE), low IgG levels and anti-drug antibodies (ADA) were reported. Results: Two hundred three patients were treated with RTX: 51.7% had RA, 29.6% CTD, 9.9% vasculitis and 8.9% other AIDs. The total observation time was 665 patient-years. RTX retention probability at 2 years (95%CI) was similar for RA and CTD 0.65 (0.55 to 0.73), 0.60 (0.47 to 0.72) and lower for vasculitis 0.25 (0.09 to 0.45). Survival curves for RTX retention matched closely (p = 0.97) between RA and CTD patients but were lower for patients with vasculitis due to a higher percentage of induced remission. Patients with vasculitis (95%) and CTD (75%) had a higher rate of concomitant glucocorticoid use than RA (60%). Moderate to severe hypogammaglobulinaemia was observed more frequently in patients with vasculitis (35%) than with RA (13%) or CTD (9%) and was associated with an increased risk of presenting a first infectious SAE (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.04 to 3.91). The incidence rate of SAE was 23.3 SAE/100 patient-years (36% were infectious). When searched, ADAs were observed in 18% of the patients and were detected in 63% of infusions-related SAE. 10 patients died during RTX treatment and up to 12 months after the last RTX infusion, 50% from infection. Conclusion: RTX retention rates are similar for patients with RA and CTD but lower for those with vasculitis due to more frequent remission. Patients treated with RTX for vasculitis present more SAE and infectious SAE than patients with RA and CTD, potentially due to a higher use of concomitant glucocorticoids and the occurrence of hypogammaglobulinaemia.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Rituximab/adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Switzerland/epidemiology ; Agammaglobulinemia/chemically induced ; Agammaglobulinemia/complications ; Agammaglobulinemia/drug therapy ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications ; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis/drug therapy ; Connective Tissue Diseases/drug therapy ; Connective Tissue Diseases/complications ; Antibodies ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Rituximab (4F4X42SYQ6) ; Antibodies ; Glucocorticoids
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2107602-9
ISSN	1478-6362 ; 1478-6354
ISSN (online)	1478-6362
ISSN	1478-6354
DOI	10.1186/s13075-023-03076-w
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Article ; Online: HIV persistence in lymph nodes.

Banga, Riddhima / Munoz, Olivia / Perreau, Matthieu

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

2021 Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) 209–214

Abstract: Purpose of review: HIV persists in distinct cellular and anatomical compartments in the body including blood, Central nervous system, and lymphoid tissues (spleen, lymph nodes [LNs], gut-associated lymphoid tissue) by diverse mechanisms despite ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: HIV persists in distinct cellular and anatomical compartments in the body including blood, Central nervous system, and lymphoid tissues (spleen, lymph nodes [LNs], gut-associated lymphoid tissue) by diverse mechanisms despite antiretroviral therapy. Within LNs, human and animal studies have highlighted that a specific CD4 T cell subset - called T follicular helper cells locating in B cell follicles is enriched in cells containing replication-competent HIV as compared to extra-follicular CD4 T cells. Therefore, the objective of the present review is to focus on the potential mechanisms allowing HIV to persist within LN microenvironment. Recent findings: The combination of factors that might be involved in the regulation of HIV persistence within LNs remain to be fully identified but may include - the level of activation, antiretroviral drug concentrations, presence of cytolytic mechanisms and/or regulatory cells, in addition to cell survival and proliferation propensity which would ultimately determine the fate of HIV-infected cells within LN tissue areas. Summary: HIV persistence in blood and distinct body compartments despite long-standing and potent therapy is one of the major barriers to a cure. Given that the HIV reservoir is established early and is highly complex based on composition, viral diversity, distribution, replication competence, migration dynamics across the human body and possible compartmentalization in specific tissues, combinatorial therapeutic approaches are needed that may synergize to target multiple viral reservoirs to achieve a cure for HIV infection.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Virus Replication
Chemical Substances	Anti-Retroviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-31
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2502511-9
ISSN	1746-6318 ; 1746-630X
ISSN (online)	1746-6318
ISSN	1746-630X
DOI	10.1097/COH.0000000000000686
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Article: The Importance of QuantiFERON Gold Plus Test for the Diagnosis of Presumed Ocular Tuberculosis

Bruzzone, Francesca / Plebani, Margherita / Koryllou, Aikaterini / Perreau, Matthieu / Guex-Crosier, Yan

Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde

2024 Volume 241, Issue 04, Page(s) 432–434

Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-01
Publisher	Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Publishing place	Stuttgart ; New York
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	80175-6
ISSN	1439-3999 ; 0023-2165 ; 0344-6360 ; 0344-6387
ISSN (online)	1439-3999
ISSN	0023-2165 ; 0344-6360 ; 0344-6387
DOI	10.1055/a-2244-6657
Database	Thieme publisher's database

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Article ; Online: Myeloid-Derived Suppressor-like Cells as a Prognostic Marker in Critically Ill Patients: Insights from Experimental Endotoxemia and Intensive Care Patients.

Schrijver, Irene T / Herderschee, Jacobus / Théroude, Charlotte / Kritikos, Antonios / Leijte, Guus / Le Roy, Didier / Brochut, Maelick / Chiche, Jean-Daniel / Perreau, Matthieu / Pantaleo, Giuseppe / Guery, Benoit / Kox, Matthijs / Pickkers, Peter / Calandra, Thierry / Roger, Thierry

Cells

2024 Volume 13, Issue 4

Abstract: Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) often experience endotoxemia, nosocomial infections and sepsis. Polymorphonuclear and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs) can have an important impact on the development of ...

Abstract	Patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) often experience endotoxemia, nosocomial infections and sepsis. Polymorphonuclear and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs) can have an important impact on the development of infectious diseases, but little is known about their potential predictive value in critically ill patients. Here, we used unsupervised flow cytometry analyses to quantify MDSC-like cells in healthy subjects challenged with endotoxin and in critically ill patients admitted to intensive care units and at risk of developing infections. Cells phenotypically similar to PMN-MDSCs and M-MDSCs increased after endotoxin challenge. Similar cells were elevated in patients at ICU admission and normalized at ICU discharge. A subpopulation of M-MDSC-like cells expressing intermediate levels of CD15 (CD15
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Endotoxemia ; Critical Illness ; Prognosis ; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells ; Critical Care ; Endotoxins
Chemical Substances	Endotoxins
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
ISSN (online)	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells13040314
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Article ; Online: Cancer and HIV-1 Infection: Patterns of Chronic Antigen Exposure.

Vigano, Selena / Bobisse, Sara / Coukos, George / Perreau, Matthieu / Harari, Alexandre

Frontiers in immunology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 1350

Abstract: The main role of the human immune system is to eliminate cells presenting foreign antigens and abnormal patterns, while maintaining self-tolerance. However, when facing highly variable pathogens or antigens very similar to self-antigens, this system can ... ...

Abstract	The main role of the human immune system is to eliminate cells presenting foreign antigens and abnormal patterns, while maintaining self-tolerance. However, when facing highly variable pathogens or antigens very similar to self-antigens, this system can fail in completely eliminating the anomalies, leading to the establishment of chronic pathologies. Prototypical examples of immune system defeat are cancer and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. In both conditions, the immune system is persistently exposed to antigens leading to systemic inflammation, lack of generation of long-term memory and exhaustion of effector cells. This triggers a negative feedback loop where effector cells are unable to resolve the pathology and cannot be replaced due to the lack of a pool of undifferentiated, self-renewing memory T cells. In addition, in an attempt to reduce tissue damage due to chronic inflammation, antigen presenting cells and myeloid components of the immune system activate systemic regulatory and tolerogenic programs. Beside these homologies shared between cancer and HIV-1 infection, the immune system can be shaped differently depending on the type and distribution of the eliciting antigens with ultimate consequences at the phenotypic and functional level of immune exhaustion. T cell differentiation, functionality, cytotoxic potential and proliferation reserve, immune-cell polarization, upregulation of negative regulators (immune checkpoint molecules) are indeed directly linked to the quantitative and qualitative differences in priming and recalling conditions. Better understanding of distinct mechanisms and functional consequences underlying disease-specific immune cell dysfunction will contribute to further improve and personalize immunotherapy. In the present review, we describe relevant players of immune cell exhaustion in cancer and HIV-1 infection, and enumerate the best-defined hallmarks of T cell dysfunction. Moreover, we highlight shared and divergent aspects of T cell exhaustion and T cell activation to the best of current knowledge.
MeSH term(s)	Clonal Anergy/immunology ; HIV Infections/immunology ; Humans ; Neoplasms/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2020.01350
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Article ; Online: Strategies for targeting residual HIV infection.

Chomont, Nicolas / Perreau, Matthieu

Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

2016 Volume 11, Issue 4, Page(s) 359–361

MeSH term(s)	Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/virology ; HIV-1/drug effects ; HIV-1/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Sustained Virologic Response ; Treatment Outcome ; Virus Replication/drug effects
Chemical Substances	Anti-HIV Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2016
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Introductory Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2502511-9
ISSN	1746-6318 ; 1746-630X
ISSN (online)	1746-6318
ISSN	1746-630X
DOI	10.1097/COH.0000000000000291
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