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  1. Article ; Online: The Structural Sources of Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health

    Lucy Barnes / Peter A. Hall / Rosemary C. R. Taylor

    Socius, Vol

    A Cross-National Perspective

    2023  Volume 9

    Abstract: This article investigates how macro-level structures condition the sources of socioeconomic inequalities in health. Drawing on multiple social science disciplines, the authors develop theoretically grounded propositions about how different types of ... ...

    Abstract This article investigates how macro-level structures condition the sources of socioeconomic inequalities in health. Drawing on multiple social science disciplines, the authors develop theoretically grounded propositions about how different types of welfare states, varieties of capitalism, and social structures give rise to cross-national variations in the sources of health inequalities. They consider how these macro-level structures affect the distribution of five key resources important to health, estimate the relative contribution that each resource makes to health inequalities, and compare those contributions in 21 developed democracies. Moving beyond a current literature focused on welfare states, the authors show how different types of political economies and social structures also condition the health gradient. This research carries implications for policy and suggests agendas for further investigation into the relationship between macro-level structures and inequalities in health.
    Keywords Social Sciences ; H ; Sociology (General) ; HM401-1281
    Subject code 360 ; 300
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher SAGE Publishing
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Correction

    Mia Papasideris / Scott T Leatherdale / Kate Battista / Peter A Hall

    PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 11, p e

    An examination of the prospective association between physical activity and academic achievement in youth at the population level.

    2021  Volume 0259618

    Abstract: This corrects the article DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0253142.]. ...

    Abstract [This corrects the article DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0253142.].
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article ; Online: Correction

    Mia Papasideris / Scott T. Leatherdale / Kate Battista / Peter A. Hall

    PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss

    An examination of the prospective association between physical activity and academic achievement in youth at the population level

    2021  Volume 11

    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: An examination of the prospective association between physical activity and academic achievement in youth at the population level.

    Mia Papasideris / Scott T Leatherdale / Kate Battista / Peter A Hall

    PLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 6, p e

    2021  Volume 0253142

    Abstract: Exercise has significant benefits for brain health and this may have downstream learning benefits for youth. However existing studies looking at links between physical activity and academic achievement are limited by relatively small sample sizes and/or ... ...

    Abstract Exercise has significant benefits for brain health and this may have downstream learning benefits for youth. However existing studies looking at links between physical activity and academic achievement are limited by relatively small sample sizes and/or cross-sectional designs. The objective of this study is to determine the direction and magnitude of the association between physical activity and academic achievement in a large prospective sample of adolescents. Linear mixed models with random intercepts and multinomial ordinal generalized estimating equations were employed to analyze the prospective relationship between measures of physical activity and academic achievement from the COMPASS study (N = 9,898 linked participant data cases from year 2 (2013-2014) to year 4 (2015-2016)). The linear relationships between minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity and academic achievement (English: r = -.047, p < .000; Math: r = -.026, p = .008) as well as meeting the national physical activity guidelines and academic achievement (English: est = -.052, p = .004; Math: est = -.052, p = .028) were negative and trivial in magnitude. Organized sport participation showed slight positive associations with academic achievement indices, but these were also of trivial magnitude. In conclusion, the relationship between physical activity and academic achievement was effectively null in this population sample. Advocacy for physical activity programming for adolescent populations may best be undertaken with reference to lack of net academic achievement cost, rather than presence of benefit, or simply with reference to the many other physical and mental health benefits for youth.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 796
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: Cross-sectional and longitudinal neural predictors of physical activity and sedentary behaviour from a 6-month randomized controlled trial

    Ryan Stanley Falck / Chun Liang Hsu / John R. Best / Narlon Cassio Boa Sorte Silva / Peter A. Hall / Linda C. Li / Teresa Liu-Ambrose

    Scientific Reports, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2024  Volume 13

    Abstract: Abstract A sedentary lifestyle offers immediate gratification, but at the expense of long-term health. It is thus critical to understand how the brain evaluates immediate rewards and long-term health effects in the context of deciding whether to engage ... ...

    Abstract Abstract A sedentary lifestyle offers immediate gratification, but at the expense of long-term health. It is thus critical to understand how the brain evaluates immediate rewards and long-term health effects in the context of deciding whether to engage in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) or sedentary behaviour (SB). In this secondary analysis of a 6-month randomized controlled trial to increase MVPA and reduce SB among community-dwelling adults, we explored how neural activity during an executive control task was associated with MVPA and SB levels. At baseline, a subset of participants (n = 26/61) underwent task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine neural activity underlying executive control using the Now/Later task. MVPA and SB were measured objectively using the Sensewear Mini at baseline, and 2, 4, and 6 months follow-up. We then examined the associations of baseline neural activation underlying executive control with: (1) baseline MVPA or SB; and (2) changes in MVPA and SB over 6 months. Our results determined that there is a complex neurocognitive system associated with MVPA levels, while SB appears to lack any neurocognitive control. In other words, MVPA appears to require neurocognitive effort, while SB may be the default behavioural pattern in adults.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 796
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: The Predictive Utility of Valuing the Future for Smoking Cessation

    Ron Borland / Michael Le Grande / Bryan W. Heckman / Geoffrey T. Fong / Warren K. Bickel / Jeff S. Stein / Katherine A. East / Peter A. Hall / Kenneth Michael Cummings

    International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 19, Iss 631, p

    Findings from the ITC 4 Country Surveys

    2022  Volume 631

    Abstract: Background: Delay discounting (DD) and time perspective (TP) are conceptually related constructs that are theorized as important determinants of the pursuit of future outcomes over present inclinations. This study explores their predictive relationships ... ...

    Abstract Background: Delay discounting (DD) and time perspective (TP) are conceptually related constructs that are theorized as important determinants of the pursuit of future outcomes over present inclinations. This study explores their predictive relationships for smoking cessation. Methods: 5006 daily smokers at a baseline wave provided 6710 paired observations of quitting activity between two waves. Data are from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) smoking and vaping surveys with samples from the USA, Canada, England, and Australia, across three waves conducted in 2016, 2018 and 2020. Smokers were assessed for TP and DD, plus smoking-specific predictors at one wave of cessation outcomes defined as either making a quit attempt and/or success among those who tried to quit which was ascertained at the subsequent survey wave. Results: TP and DD were essentially uncorrelated. TP predicted making quit attempts, both on its own and controlling for other potential predictors but was negatively associated with quit success. By contrast, DD was not related to making quit attempts, but high DD predicted relapse. The presence of financial stress at baseline resulted in some moderation of effects. Conclusions: Understanding the mechanisms of action of TP and DD can advance our understanding of, and ability to enhance, goal-directed behavioural change. TP appears to contribute to future intention formation, but not necessarily practical thought of how to achieve goals. DD is more likely an index of capacity to effectively generate competing future possibilities in response to immediate gratification.
    Keywords delay discounting ; time perspective ; smoking cessation ; longitudinal study ; financial stress ; Medicine ; R
    Subject code 150
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: As três versões do neo-institucionalismo The three versions of neo-institutionalism

    Peter A. Hall / Rosemary C. R. Taylor

    Lua Nova: Revista de Cultura e Política, Iss 58, Pp 193-

    2003  Volume 223

    Abstract: O neo-institucionalismo não constitui uma corrente de pensamento unificada. Ao contrário, pelo menos três métodos de análise diferentes apareceram nessa área no último quarto de século: o institucionalismo histórico, o institucionalismo da escolha ... ...

    Abstract O neo-institucionalismo não constitui uma corrente de pensamento unificada. Ao contrário, pelo menos três métodos de análise diferentes apareceram nessa área no último quarto de século: o institucionalismo histórico, o institucionalismo da escolha racional e o institucionalismo sociológico. Todas elas tratam, por ângulos diferentes, do papel desempenhado pelas instituições na determinação de resultados sociais e políticos. Expõe-se e examina-se a gênese de cada uma dessas variantes do "neo-institucionalismo", assim como o que distingue suas maneiras de tratar dos problemas sociais e políticos. Neo-institutionalism is not a unified current of thought. On the contrary, at least three different methods of analysis emerged in this area in the last 25 years: historical institutionalism, rational choice institutionalism, and sociological institutionalism. All of them deal, from different angles, with the role performed by institutions in the determination of social and political results. The genesis as well as the peculiarities of these variants of "neo-institutionalism" are exposed and examined.
    Keywords Instituições ; análise institucional ; neo-institucionalismo ; Institutions ; institutional analysis ; neo-institutionalism ; Political science (General) ; JA1-92 ; Sociology (General) ; HM401-1281
    Language Portuguese
    Publishing date 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Centro de Estudos de Cultura Contemporânea, CEDEC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: As três versões do neo-institucionalismo

    Peter A. Hall / Rosemary C. R. Taylor

    Lua Nova: Revista de Cultura e Política, Iss 58, Pp 193-

    2003  Volume 223

    Abstract: O neo-institucionalismo não constitui uma corrente de pensamento unificada. Ao contrário, pelo menos três métodos de análise diferentes apareceram nessa área no último quarto de século: o institucionalismo histórico, o institucionalismo da escolha ... ...

    Abstract O neo-institucionalismo não constitui uma corrente de pensamento unificada. Ao contrário, pelo menos três métodos de análise diferentes apareceram nessa área no último quarto de século: o institucionalismo histórico, o institucionalismo da escolha racional e o institucionalismo sociológico. Todas elas tratam, por ângulos diferentes, do papel desempenhado pelas instituições na determinação de resultados sociais e políticos. Expõe-se e examina-se a gênese de cada uma dessas variantes do "neo-institucionalismo", assim como o que distingue suas maneiras de tratar dos problemas sociais e políticos.
    Keywords Instituições ; análise institucional ; neo-institucionalismo ; Political science (General) ; JA1-92 ; Sociology (General) ; HM401-1281
    Language Portuguese
    Publishing date 2003-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Centro de Estudos de Cultura Contemporânea, CEDEC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Measuring a cell's response to stress: the p53 pathway

    Harkin, D Paul / Peter A Hall

    Genome biology. 2000 Feb., v. 1, no. 1

    2000  

    Abstract: The characterization of complex cellular responses to diverse stimuli can be studied by the use of emerging chip-based technologies. ...

    Abstract The characterization of complex cellular responses to diverse stimuli can be studied by the use of emerging chip-based technologies.
    Keywords cell biology ; genetic techniques and protocols ; proteins ; stress response
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2000-02
    Size p. 19.
    Publishing place Springer-Verlag
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 2040529-7
    ISSN 1474-760X ; 1465-6914 ; 1465-6906
    ISSN (online) 1474-760X ; 1465-6914
    ISSN 1465-6906
    DOI 10.1186/gb-2000-1-1-reviews105
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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