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  1. Article ; Online: Vesicle shape transformations driven by confined active filaments.

    Peterson, Matthew S E / Baskaran, Aparna / Hagan, Michael F

    Nature communications

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 7247

    Abstract: In active matter systems, deformable boundaries provide a mechanism to organize internal active stresses. To study a minimal model of such a system, we perform particle-based simulations of an elastic vesicle containing a collection of polar active ... ...

    Abstract In active matter systems, deformable boundaries provide a mechanism to organize internal active stresses. To study a minimal model of such a system, we perform particle-based simulations of an elastic vesicle containing a collection of polar active filaments. The interplay between the active stress organization due to interparticle interactions and that due to the deformability of the confinement leads to a variety of filament spatiotemporal organizations that have not been observed in bulk systems or under rigid confinement, including highly-aligned rings and caps. In turn, these filament assemblies drive dramatic and tunable transformations of the vesicle shape and its dynamics. We present simple scaling models that reveal the mechanisms underlying these emergent behaviors and yield design principles for engineering active materials with targeted shape dynamics.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-12-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-021-27310-8
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  2. Article ; Online: Prolonging the Response Movement Reduces Commission Errors in a High-Go, Low-No-Go Target Detection Task and Composite Metrics of Performance Miss This Effect.

    Mensen, Justin M / Holland, Steven B / Helton, William S / Shaw, Tyler H / Peterson, Matthew S

    Human factors

    2022  Volume 66, Issue 4, Page(s) 1118–1131

    Abstract: Objective: Expand research on the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) to a more applied agricultural target detection/selection task and examine the utility of various performance metrics, including composite measures of speed and accuracy, in a ...

    Abstract Objective: Expand research on the Sustained Attention to Response Task (SART) to a more applied agricultural target detection/selection task and examine the utility of various performance metrics, including composite measures of speed and accuracy, in a High-Go/Low-No-Go stimuli task.
    Background: Modified SARTs have been utilized to investigate mechanisms, such as failures of response inhibition, occurring in friendly fire and collateral damage incidents. Researchers have demonstrated that composite measures of speed and accuracy are useful for Low Go/High No-Go stimuli tasks, but this has not been demonstrated for High-Go/Low-No-Go tasks, such as the SART.
    Method: Participants performed a modified SART, where they selected ("sprayed") images of weeds (Go stimuli) that appeared on a computer screen, while withholding to rarer soybean plant images (No-Go stimuli).
    Results: Response time was a function of distance from a central starting point. Participants committed commission errors (sprayed the soybeans) at a significantly higher rate when the stimuli appeared under the cursor centered on the screen for each trial. Participant's omission errors (failure to spray a weed) increased significantly as a function of distance. The composite measures examined were primarily influenced by response time and omission errors limiting their utility when commission errors are of particular interest.
    Conclusion: Participants are far more accurate in their decision making when required to execute a longer duration motor task in High-Go/Low-No-Go experiments.
    Application: Demonstrates a serious human factors liability of target detection and snap-to-target systems.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Inhibition, Psychological ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Movement
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-20
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 212725-8
    ISSN 1547-8181 ; 0018-7208
    ISSN (online) 1547-8181
    ISSN 0018-7208
    DOI 10.1177/00187208221127945
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  3. Book ; Online: Vesicle shape transformations driven by confined active filaments

    Peterson, Matthew S. E. / Baskaran, Aparna / Hagan, Michael F.

    2021  

    Abstract: In active matter systems, deformable boundaries provide a mechanism to organize internal active stresses and perform work on the external environment. To study a minimal model of such a system, we perform particle-based simulations of an elastic vesicle ... ...

    Abstract In active matter systems, deformable boundaries provide a mechanism to organize internal active stresses and perform work on the external environment. To study a minimal model of such a system, we perform particle-based simulations of an elastic vesicle containing a collection of polar active filaments. The interplay between the active stress organization due to interparticle interactions and that due to the deformability of the confinement leads to a variety of filament spatiotemporal organizations that have not been observed in bulk systems or under rigid confinement, including highly-aligned rings and caps. In turn, these filament assemblies drive dramatic and tunable transformations of the vesicle shape and its dynamics. We present simple scaling models that reveal the mechanisms underlying these emergent behaviors and yield design principles for engineering active materials with targeted shape dynamics.

    Comment: Main text: 8 pages, 6 figures; Supplemental: 11 pages, 3 figures, 6 movies Changes: Added additional figures and discussion. Results are unchanged
    Keywords Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter
    Subject code 612
    Publishing date 2021-02-04
    Publishing country us
    Document type Book ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Saccadic eye movements smear spatial working memory.

    Peterson, Matthew S / Kelly, Shane P / Blumberg, Eric J

    Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance

    2018  Volume 45, Issue 2, Page(s) 255–263

    Abstract: Why do saccades interfere with spatial working memory? One possibility is that attention and saccades are tightly coupled, and performing a saccade momentarily removes attention from spatial working memory, degrading the memory representation. This ... ...

    Abstract Why do saccades interfere with spatial working memory? One possibility is that attention and saccades are tightly coupled, and performing a saccade momentarily removes attention from spatial working memory, degrading the memory representation. This cannot be the entire explanation, because saccades cause greater interference than do covert attentional shifts (Lawrence, Myerson, & Abrams, 2004). In addition, this saccadic degradation is limited to spatial but not object, configural, or verbal representations. We propose that saccadic remapping is partially responsible for this increased interference. To test this, we used a spatial change detection task, and during the retention interval, participants either performed a central task, a peripheral task without an eye movement, or a peripheral task that required a saccade. Using the method of constant stimuli allowed us to fit psychophysical functions in which we derived measures of spatial memory precision, guessing, and response bias. It is important that we found a directionally specific loss of memory precision, such that memory representations were less precise along the axis of the saccade. This was beyond the general loss of precision we found for covert shifts, suggesting that part of the effect is because of remapping. Saccades also increased guessing, but unlike the loss of precision, the effect was nondirectional. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Attention/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Saccades/physiology ; Spatial Memory/physiology ; Visual Perception/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 189734-2
    ISSN 1939-1277 ; 0096-1523
    ISSN (online) 1939-1277
    ISSN 0096-1523
    DOI 10.1037/xhp0000596
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    Zs.A 2254: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: What we remember affects how we see: spatial working memory steers saccade programming.

    Wong, Jason H / Peterson, Matthew S

    Attention, perception & psychophysics

    2013  Volume 75, Issue 2, Page(s) 308–321

    Abstract: Relationships between visual attention, saccade programming, and visual working memory have been hypothesized for over a decade. Awh, Jonides, and Reuter-Lorenz (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 24(3):780-90, 1998) and ...

    Abstract Relationships between visual attention, saccade programming, and visual working memory have been hypothesized for over a decade. Awh, Jonides, and Reuter-Lorenz (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 24(3):780-90, 1998) and Awh et al. (Psychological Science 10(5):433-437, 1999) proposed that rehearsing a location in memory also leads to enhanced attentional processing at that location. In regard to eye movements, Belopolsky and Theeuwes (Attention, Perception & Psychophysics 71(3):620-631, 2009) found that holding a location in working memory affects saccade programming, albeit negatively. In three experiments, we attempted to replicate the findings of Belopolsky and Theeuwes (Attention, Perception & Psychophysics 71(3):620-631, 2009) and determine whether the spatial memory effect can occur in other saccade-cuing paradigms, including endogenous central arrow cues and exogenous irrelevant singletons. In the first experiment, our results were the opposite of those in Belopolsky and Theeuwes (Attention, Perception & Psychophysics 71(3):620-631, 2009), in that we found facilitation (shorter saccade latencies) instead of inhibition when the saccade target matched the region in spatial working memory. In Experiment 2, we sought to determine whether the spatial working memory effect would generalize to other endogenous cuing tasks, such as a central arrow that pointed to one of six possible peripheral locations. As in Experiment 1, we found that saccade programming was facilitated when the cued location coincided with the saccade target. In Experiment 3, we explored how spatial memory interacts with other types of cues, such as a peripheral color singleton target or irrelevant onset. In both cases, the eyes were more likely to go to either singleton when it coincided with the location held in spatial working memory. On the basis of these results, we conclude that spatial working memory and saccade programming are likely to share common overlapping circuitry.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Attention/physiology ; Cues ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Memory, Short-Term/physiology ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Saccades/physiology ; Visual Perception/physiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2013-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2464550-3
    ISSN 1943-393X ; 1943-3921
    ISSN (online) 1943-393X
    ISSN 1943-3921
    DOI 10.3758/s13414-012-0388-7
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    Zs.A 2176: Show issues Location:
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  6. Article ; Online: Watch out! Directional threat-related postures cue attention and the eyes.

    Azarian, Bobby / Esser, Elizabeth G / Peterson, Matthew S

    Cognition & emotion

    2016  Volume 30, Issue 3, Page(s) 561–569

    Abstract: Previous work indicates that threatening facial expressions with averted eye gaze can act as a signal of imminent danger, enhancing attentional orienting in the gazed-at direction. However, this threat-related gaze-cueing effect is only present in ... ...

    Abstract Previous work indicates that threatening facial expressions with averted eye gaze can act as a signal of imminent danger, enhancing attentional orienting in the gazed-at direction. However, this threat-related gaze-cueing effect is only present in individuals reporting high levels of anxiety. The present study used eye tracking to investigate whether additional directional social cues, such as averted angry and fearful human body postures, not only cue attention, but also the eyes. The data show that although body direction did not predict target location, anxious individuals made faster eye movements when fearful or angry postures were facing towards (congruent condition) rather than away (incongruent condition) from peripheral targets. Our results provide evidence for attentional cueing in response to threat-related directional body postures in those with anxiety. This suggests that for such individuals, attention is guided by threatening social stimuli in ways that can influence and bias eye movement behaviour.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Anger/physiology ; Anxiety/physiopathology ; Anxiety/psychology ; Attention/physiology ; Cues ; Eye Movements/physiology ; Facial Expression ; Fear/physiology ; Fear/psychology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Posture/physiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639123-0
    ISSN 1464-0600 ; 0269-9931
    ISSN (online) 1464-0600
    ISSN 0269-9931
    DOI 10.1080/02699931.2015.1013089
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    Zs.B 3087: Show issues Location:
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  7. Article ; Online: Evidence from the eyes: Threatening postures hold attention.

    Azarian, Bobby / Esser, Elizabeth G / Peterson, Matthew S

    Psychonomic bulletin & review

    2016  Volume 23, Issue 3, Page(s) 764–770

    Abstract: Efficient detection of threat provides obvious survival advantages and has resulted in a fast and accurate threat-detection system. Although beneficial under normal circumstances, this system may become hypersensitive and cause threat-processing ... ...

    Abstract Efficient detection of threat provides obvious survival advantages and has resulted in a fast and accurate threat-detection system. Although beneficial under normal circumstances, this system may become hypersensitive and cause threat-processing abnormalities. Past research has shown that anxious individuals have difficulty disengaging attention from threatening faces, but it is unknown whether other forms of threatening social stimuli also influence attentional orienting. Much like faces, human body postures are salient social stimuli, because they are informative of one's emotional state and next likely action. Additionally, postures can convey such information in situations in which another's facial expression is not easily visible. Here we investigated whether there is a threat-specific effect for high-anxious individuals, by measuring the time that it takes the eyes to leave the attended stimulus, a task-irrelevant body posture. The results showed that relative to nonthreating postures, threat-related postures hold attention in anxious individuals, providing further evidence of an anxiety-related attentional bias for threatening information. This is the first study to demonstrate that attentional disengagement from threatening postures is affected by emotional valence in those reporting anxiety.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Adult ; Anxiety ; Attention ; Attentional Bias ; Emotions ; Eye Movement Measurements ; Eye Movements ; Face ; Facial Expression ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Posture ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2031311-1
    ISSN 1531-5320 ; 1069-9384
    ISSN (online) 1531-5320
    ISSN 1069-9384
    DOI 10.3758/s13423-015-0942-0
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  8. Article ; Online: The temporal and spatial constraints of saccade planning to double-step target displacements.

    Kelly, Shane / Zhou, Weiwei / Bansal, Sonia / Peterson, Matthew S / Joiner, Wilsaan M

    Vision research

    2019  Volume 163, Page(s) 1–13

    Abstract: The double-step paradigm investigates the characteristics of planning and execution when the motor system must rapidly adjust for a new goal location. Studies have provided detailed temporal information based on the duration available for the motor ... ...

    Abstract The double-step paradigm investigates the characteristics of planning and execution when the motor system must rapidly adjust for a new goal location. Studies have provided detailed temporal information based on the duration available for the motor system to prepare a new movement trajectory (here referred to as re-preparation time). However, previous work has largely examined single displacement sizes, limiting the spatiotemporal understanding of movement planning and execution. The lack of a description of this behavioral timecourse across increasing displacement sizes is true for saccades, rapid eye movements that redirect the fovea. Furthermore, during the double-step paradigm, the primary saccade often fails to accurately foveate the final target location and a secondary saccade brings the target onto the fovea. However, it is also unknown how this compensation is concurrently modified with the exposure duration and displacement of the movement goal. Here, we examined the amount of time required to change the initial saccade direction to a new target location for relatively small (20°, 30°, and 40°) and large (60° and 90°) target spatial separations. Interestingly, we found a clear relationship between the saccade direction and the amount of time allowed to redirect the movement; across separations, intermediate saccades occurred when approximately 60-140 ms was available to readjust the movement plan. Additionally, there was a consistent relationship between the timing of the secondary saccade and the re-preparation time across jump sizes, suggesting that concurrent movement correction planning was dependent on the amount of exposure to the final movement goal.
    MeSH term(s) Female ; Fixation, Ocular/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Motor Neurons/physiology ; Reaction Time/physiology ; Saccades/physiology ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-08-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 200427-6
    ISSN 1878-5646 ; 0042-6989
    ISSN (online) 1878-5646
    ISSN 0042-6989
    DOI 10.1016/j.visres.2019.08.003
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    Zs.A 521: Show issues Location:
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  9. Article: Enhancing multiple object tracking performance with noninvasive brain stimulation: a causal role for the anterior intraparietal sulcus.

    Blumberg, Eric J / Peterson, Matthew S / Parasuraman, Raja

    Frontiers in systems neuroscience

    2015  Volume 9, Page(s) 3

    Abstract: Multiple object tracking (MOT) is a complex task recruiting a distributed network of brain regions. There are also marked individual differences in MOT performance. A positive causal relationship between the anterior intraparietal sulcus (AIPS), an ... ...

    Abstract Multiple object tracking (MOT) is a complex task recruiting a distributed network of brain regions. There are also marked individual differences in MOT performance. A positive causal relationship between the anterior intraparietal sulcus (AIPS), an integral region in the MOT attention network and inter-individual variation in MOT performance has not been previously established. The present study used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a form of non-invasive brain stimulation, in order to examine such a causal link. Active anodal stimulation was applied to the right AIPS and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (and sham stimulation), an area associated with working memory (but not MOT) while participants completed a MOT task. Stimulation to the right AIPS significantly improved MOT accuracy more than the other two conditions. The results confirm a causal role of the AIPS in the MOT task and illustrate that tDCS has the ability to improve MOT performance.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-02-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2453005-0
    ISSN 1662-5137
    ISSN 1662-5137
    DOI 10.3389/fnsys.2015.00003
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  10. Article ; Online: Eye-tracking to examine differences in alcohol product appeal by sex among young people.

    Rossheim, Matthew E / Peterson, Matthew S / Livingston, M Doug / Dunlap, Phenesse / Trangenstein, Pamela J / Tran, Katherine / Emechebe, Ogechi C / McDonald, Kayla K / Treffers, Ryan D / Jernigan, David H / Thombs, Dennis L

    The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse

    2022  Volume 48, Issue 6, Page(s) 734–744

    Abstract: Background: ...

    Abstract Background:
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Eye-Tracking Technology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-10-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 193086-2
    ISSN 1097-9891 ; 0095-2990
    ISSN (online) 1097-9891
    ISSN 0095-2990
    DOI 10.1080/00952990.2022.2129062
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