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Article ; Online: Pump-and-treat (P&T) vs groundwater circulation wells (GCW): Which approach delivers more sustainable and effective groundwater remediation?

Ciampi, Paolo / Esposito, Carlo / Bartsch, Ernst / Alesi, Eduard J. / Petrangeli Papini, Marco

Environmental Research. 2023 Oct., v. 234 p.116538-

2023

Abstract: Pump-and-treat (P&T) is commonly used to remediate contaminated groundwater sites. The scientific community is currently engaged in a debate regarding the long-term effectiveness and sustainability of P&T for groundwater remediation. This work aims to ... ...

Abstract	Pump-and-treat (P&T) is commonly used to remediate contaminated groundwater sites. The scientific community is currently engaged in a debate regarding the long-term effectiveness and sustainability of P&T for groundwater remediation. This work aims to provide a quantitative comparative analysis of the performance of an alternative system to traditional P&T, to support the development of sustainable groundwater remediation plans. Two industrial sites with unique geological frameworks and contamination with dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) and arsenic (As) respectively, were selected for the study. At both locations, attempts were made for decades to clean up groundwater contamination by pump-and-treat. In response to persistently high levels of pollutants, groundwater circulation wells (GCWs) were installed to explore the possibility of accelerating the remediation process in unconsolidated and rock deposits. This comparative evaluation focuses on the different mobilization patterns observed, resulting variations in contaminant concentration, mass discharge, and volume of extracted groundwater. To facilitate the fusion of multi-source data, including geological, hydrological, hydraulic, and chemical information, and enable the continuous extraction of time-sensitive information, a geodatabase-supported conceptual site model (CSM) is utilized as a dynamic and interactive interface. This approach is used to assess the performance of GCW and P&T at the investigated sites. At Site 1, the GCW stimulated microbiological reductive dichlorination and mobilized significantly higher 1,2-DCE concentrations than P&T, despite recirculating a smaller volume of groundwater. At Site 2, As removal rate by GCW resulted generally higher than pumping wells. One conventional well mobilized higher masses of As in the early stages of P&T. This reflected the P&T's impact on accessible contaminant pools in early operational periods. P&T withdrew a significantly larger volume of groundwater than the GCW. The outcomes unveil the diverse contaminant removal behavior characterizing two distinct remediation strategies in different geological environments, revealing the dynamics and decontamination mechanisms that feature GCWs and P&T and emphasizing the limitations of traditional groundwater extraction systems in targeting aged pollution sources. GCWs have been shown to reduce remediation time, increase mass removal, and minimize the significant water consumption associated with P&T. These benefits pave the way for more sustainable groundwater remediation approaches in various hydrogeochemical scenarios.
Keywords	arsenic ; decontamination ; dense nonaqueous phase liquids ; groundwater ; groundwater contamination ; groundwater extraction ; hydrogeochemistry ; models ; remediation ; research ; Conventional pumping wells ; Groundwater circulation wells ; Pump-and-treat sustainability ; Remediation technology performance ; Hydrogeological modeling
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-10
Publishing place	Elsevier Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2023.116538
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Pump-and-treat (P&T) vs groundwater circulation wells (GCW): Which approach delivers more sustainable and effective groundwater remediation?

Ciampi, Paolo / Esposito, Carlo / Bartsch, Ernst / Alesi, Eduard J / Petrangeli Papini, Marco

Environmental research

2023 Volume 234, Page(s) 116538

Abstract	Pump-and-treat (P&T) is commonly used to remediate contaminated groundwater sites. The scientific community is currently engaged in a debate regarding the long-term effectiveness and sustainability of P&T for groundwater remediation. This work aims to provide a quantitative comparative analysis of the performance of an alternative system to traditional P&T, to support the development of sustainable groundwater remediation plans. Two industrial sites with unique geological frameworks and contamination with dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) and arsenic (As) respectively, were selected for the study. At both locations, attempts were made for decades to clean up groundwater contamination by pump-and-treat. In response to persistently high levels of pollutants, groundwater circulation wells (GCWs) were installed to explore the possibility of accelerating the remediation process in unconsolidated and rock deposits. This comparative evaluation focuses on the different mobilization patterns observed, resulting variations in contaminant concentration, mass discharge, and volume of extracted groundwater. To facilitate the fusion of multi-source data, including geological, hydrological, hydraulic, and chemical information, and enable the continuous extraction of time-sensitive information, a geodatabase-supported conceptual site model (CSM) is utilized as a dynamic and interactive interface. This approach is used to assess the performance of GCW and P&T at the investigated sites. At Site 1, the GCW stimulated microbiological reductive dichlorination and mobilized significantly higher 1,2-DCE concentrations than P&T, despite recirculating a smaller volume of groundwater. At Site 2, As removal rate by GCW resulted generally higher than pumping wells. One conventional well mobilized higher masses of As in the early stages of P&T. This reflected the P&T's impact on accessible contaminant pools in early operational periods. P&T withdrew a significantly larger volume of groundwater than the GCW. The outcomes unveil the diverse contaminant removal behavior characterizing two distinct remediation strategies in different geological environments, revealing the dynamics and decontamination mechanisms that feature GCWs and P&T and emphasizing the limitations of traditional groundwater extraction systems in targeting aged pollution sources. GCWs have been shown to reduce remediation time, increase mass removal, and minimize the significant water consumption associated with P&T. These benefits pave the way for more sustainable groundwater remediation approaches in various hydrogeochemical scenarios.
MeSH term(s)	Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Groundwater/chemistry ; Water Wells ; Environmental Pollution/analysis ; Models, Theoretical ; Environmental Restoration and Remediation
Chemical Substances	Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	205699-9
ISSN	1096-0953 ; 0013-9351
ISSN (online)	1096-0953
ISSN	0013-9351
DOI	10.1016/j.envres.2023.116538
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Coupled Adsorption and Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene on Biochar from Pine Wood Wastes: A Combined Approach for a Sustainable Bioremediation Strategy

Rossi, Marta M. / Matturro, Bruna / Amanat, Neda / Rossetti, Simona / Petrangeli Papini, Marco

Microorganisms. 2022 Jan. 04, v. 10, no. 1

2022

Abstract: Towards chlorinated solvents, the effectiveness of the remediation strategy can be improved by combining a biological approach (e.g., anaerobic reductive dechlorination) with chemical/physical treatments (e.g., adsorption). A coupled adsorption and ... ...

Abstract	Towards chlorinated solvents, the effectiveness of the remediation strategy can be improved by combining a biological approach (e.g., anaerobic reductive dechlorination) with chemical/physical treatments (e.g., adsorption). A coupled adsorption and biodegradation (CAB) process for trichloroethylene (TCE) removal is proposed in a biofilm–biochar reactor (BBR) to assess whether biochar from pine wood (PWB) can support a dechlorinating biofilm by combining the TCE (100 µM) adsorption. The BBR operated for eight months in parallel with a biofilm reactor (BR)—no PWB (biological process alone), and with an abiotic biochar reactor (ABR)—no dechlorinating biofilm (only an adsorption mechanism). Two flow rates were investigated. Compared to the BR, which resulted in a TCE removal of 86.9 ± 11.9% and 78.73 ± 19.79%, the BBR demonstrated that PWB effectively adsorbs TCE and slows down the release of its intermediates. The elimination of TCE was quantitative, with 99.61 ± 0.79% and 99.87 ± 0.51% TCE removal. Interestingly, the biomarker of the reductive dechlorination process, Dehalococcoides mccartyi, was found in the BRR (9.2 × 10⁵ 16S rRNA gene copies/g), together with the specific genes tceA, bvcA, and vcrA (8.16 × 10⁶, 1.28 × 10⁵, and 8.01 × 10³ gene copies/g, respectively). This study suggests the feasibility of biochar to support the reductive dechlorination of D. mccartyi, opening new frontiers for field-scale applications.
Keywords	Dehalococcoides mccartyi ; adsorption ; biochar ; biodegradation ; biofilm ; biomarkers ; bioremediation ; dechlorination ; genes ; trichloroethylene ; wood
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0104
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms10010101
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Biochar from Pine Wood, Rice Husks and Iron-Eupatorium Shrubs for Remediation Applications: Surface Characterization and Experimental Tests for Trichloroethylene Removal.

Rossi, Marta M / Silvani, Ludovica / Amanat, Neda / Petrangeli Papini, Marco

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 14, Issue 7

Abstract: Nowadays porous materials from organic waste, i.e., Biochar (BC), are receiving increased attention for environmental applications. This study adds information on three BCs that have undergone a number of studies in recent years. A Biochar from pine wood, ...

Abstract	Nowadays porous materials from organic waste, i.e., Biochar (BC), are receiving increased attention for environmental applications. This study adds information on three BCs that have undergone a number of studies in recent years. A Biochar from pine wood, one from rice husk and one from
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2487261-1
ISSN	1996-1944
ISSN	1996-1944
DOI	10.3390/ma14071776
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Coupled Adsorption and Biodegradation of Trichloroethylene on Biochar from Pine Wood Wastes: A Combined Approach for a Sustainable Bioremediation Strategy.

Rossi, Marta M / Matturro, Bruna / Amanat, Neda / Rossetti, Simona / Petrangeli Papini, Marco

Microorganisms

2022 Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract	Towards chlorinated solvents, the effectiveness of the remediation strategy can be improved by combining a biological approach (e.g., anaerobic reductive dechlorination) with chemical/physical treatments (e.g., adsorption). A coupled adsorption and biodegradation (CAB) process for trichloroethylene (TCE) removal is proposed in a biofilm-biochar reactor (BBR) to assess whether biochar from pine wood (PWB) can support a dechlorinating biofilm by combining the TCE (100 µM) adsorption. The BBR operated for eight months in parallel with a biofilm reactor (BR)-no PWB (biological process alone), and with an abiotic biochar reactor (ABR)-no dechlorinating biofilm (only an adsorption mechanism). Two flow rates were investigated. Compared to the BR, which resulted in a TCE removal of 86.9 ± 11.9% and 78.73 ± 19.79%, the BBR demonstrated that PWB effectively adsorbs TCE and slows down the release of its intermediates. The elimination of TCE was quantitative, with 99.61 ± 0.79% and 99.87 ± 0.51% TCE removal. Interestingly, the biomarker of the reductive dechlorination process,
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms10010101
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Evaluation of the Bioelectrochemical Approach and Different Electron Donors for Biological Trichloroethylene Reductive Dechlorination.

Dell'Armi, Edoardo / Rossi, Marta Maria / Taverna, Lucia / Petrangeli Papini, Marco / Zeppilli, Marco

Toxics

2022 Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract: Trichloroethylene (TCE) and more in general chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) can be removed from a contaminated matrix thanks to microorganisms able to perform the reductive dechlorination reaction (RD). Due to the lack of electron donors in the ...

Abstract	Trichloroethylene (TCE) and more in general chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) can be removed from a contaminated matrix thanks to microorganisms able to perform the reductive dechlorination reaction (RD). Due to the lack of electron donors in the contaminated matrix, CAHs' reductive dechlorination can be stimulated by fermentable organic substrates, which slowly release molecular hydrogen through their fermentation. In this paper, three different electron donors constituted by lactate, hydrogen, and a biocathode of a bioelectrochemical cell have been studied in TCE dechlorination batch experiments. The batch reactors evaluated in terms of reductive dechlorination rate and utilization efficiency of the electron donor reported that the bio-electrochemical system (BES) showed a lower RD rate with respect of lactate reactor (51 ± 9 µeq/d compared to 98 ± 4 µeq/d), while the direct utilization of molecular hydrogen gave a significantly lower RD rate (19 ± 8 µeq/d), due to hydrogen low solubility in liquid media. The study also gives a comparative evaluation of the different electron donors showing the capability of the bioelectrochemical system to reach comparable efficiencies with a fermentable substrate without the use of other chemicals, 10.7 ± 3.3% for BES with respect of 3.5 ± 0.2% for the lactate-fed batch reactor. This study shows the BES capability of being an alternative at classic remediation approaches.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2733883-6
ISSN	2305-6304 ; 2305-6304
ISSN (online)	2305-6304
ISSN	2305-6304
DOI	10.3390/toxics10010037
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Enhancing the Anaerobic Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soils with Electrically Conductive Materials.

Cruz Viggi, Carolina / Tucci, Matteo / Resitano, Marco / Palushi, Valentina / Crognale, Simona / Matturro, Bruna / Petrangeli Papini, Marco / Rossetti, Simona / Aulenta, Federico

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 10, Issue 4

Abstract: Anaerobic bioremediation is a relevant process in the management of sites contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons. Recently, interspecies electron transfer processes mediated by conductive minerals or particles have been proposed as mechanisms through ... ...

Abstract	Anaerobic bioremediation is a relevant process in the management of sites contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons. Recently, interspecies electron transfer processes mediated by conductive minerals or particles have been proposed as mechanisms through which microbial species within a community share reducing equivalents to drive the syntrophic degradation of organic substrates, including hydrocarbons. Here, a microcosm study was set up to investigate the effect of different electrically conductive materials (ECMs) in enhancing the anaerobic biodegradation of hydrocarbons in historically contaminated soil. The results of a comprehensive suite of chemical and microbiological analyses evidenced that supplementing the soil with (5%
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2746191-9
ISSN	2306-5354
ISSN	2306-5354
DOI	10.3390/bioengineering10040441
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Hydrogeochemical Model Supporting the Remediation Strategy of a Highly Contaminated Industrial Site

Ciampi, Paolo / Esposito, Carlo / Petrangeli Papini, Marco

Water. 2019 July 03, v. 11, no. 7

2019

Abstract: Delineation and understanding the geology and the hydrogeology of a contaminated site, considering its chemical and its biological aspects, are fundamental requirements for successful environmental remediation. The aim of this research is to provide some ...

Abstract	Delineation and understanding the geology and the hydrogeology of a contaminated site, considering its chemical and its biological aspects, are fundamental requirements for successful environmental remediation. The aim of this research is to provide some evidence about the effectiveness of a hydrogeochemical geodatabase to facilitate the integrated management, representation and analysis of heterogeneous data, enabling the appropriate selection, design and optimization of an effective remediation strategy. This study investigates a new technology for the remediation of a dense non-aqueous phase liquid aged source zone, with the aim of enhancing in situ bioremediation by coupling groundwater circulation wells with a continuous production system of electron donors. The technology was verified through a pilot test carried out at an industrial site highly contaminated by chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. The multidisciplinary conceptual model confirmed a complex hydrogeological situation, with the occurrence of active residual sources in low permeability layers. The pilot test results clearly demonstrate a significant mobilization of contaminants from the low permeability zone, and the possibility of favoring the in situ natural attenuation mechanisms based upon biological reductive dechlorination. Different information related to the hydrogeochemical sphere must be integrated and taken into consideration when developing a reliable remediation strategy for contaminated sites.
Keywords	bioremediation ; dechlorination ; dense nonaqueous phase liquids ; groundwater ; hydrocarbons ; hydrogeochemistry ; hydrogeology ; industrial sites ; models ; permeability ; spatial data ; technology ; wells
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-0703
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2521238-2
ISSN	2073-4441
ISSN	2073-4441
DOI	10.3390/w11071371
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: 3D dynamic model empowering the knowledge of the decontamination mechanisms and controlling the complex remediation strategy of a contaminated industrial site

Ciampi, Paolo / Esposito, Carlo / Bartsch, Ernst / Alesi, Eduard J. / Petrangeli Papini, Marco

Science of the Total Environment. 2021 Nov., v. 793 p.148649-

2021

Abstract: Knowledge of the geology and hydrogeology of the polluted site emblematize a key requirement for environmental remediation, through assembling and synthesizing findings from various sources of physical evidence. In an increasingly virtual era, digital ... ...

Abstract	Knowledge of the geology and hydrogeology of the polluted site emblematize a key requirement for environmental remediation, through assembling and synthesizing findings from various sources of physical evidence. In an increasingly virtual era, digital and geo-referenced metadata may serve as tools for collecting, merging, matching, and understanding multi-source information. The main goal of this paper is to emphasize the significance of a 3D hydrogeochemical model to the portrayal and the understanding of contamination dynamics and decontamination mechanisms at a highly contaminated industrial site. Some remediation measures are active on-site, due to the evidence-based presence of chlorinated solvents in groundwater. These are attributable to a slow-release source of pollutants in the saturated zone associated with very low permeability sediments. Therefore, in this research, a new technique for the remediation of secondary sources of dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination was investigated for the first time on a full-scale application. The combination of groundwater circulation wells (IEG-GCW®) and a continuous electron donor production device was set up to boost in situ bioremediation (ISB). A multi-phase approach was followed handling and releasing data during various remediation stages, from site characterization via pilot testing to full-scale remediation, thus allowing users to monitor, analyze, and manipulate information in 3D space-time. Multi-source and multi-temporal scenarios reveal the impact of ongoing hydraulic dynamics and depict the decontamination mechanisms in response to the interventions implemented over time, by quantifying the overall performance of the adopted strategies in terms of removal of secondary sources of pollution still active at the site.
Keywords	bioremediation ; decontamination ; dense nonaqueous phase liquids ; dynamic models ; environment ; georeferencing ; groundwater ; hydrogeochemistry ; hydrogeology ; industrial sites ; metadata ; permeability ; pollution ; space and time ; Hydrogeochemical model ; Geodatabase ; Groundwater circulation well ; In situ bioremediation ; Secondary contamination source ; Biological reductive dechlorination
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-11
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Use and reproduction
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148649
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: 3D dynamic model empowering the knowledge of the decontamination mechanisms and controlling the complex remediation strategy of a contaminated industrial site.

Ciampi, Paolo / Esposito, Carlo / Bartsch, Ernst / Alesi, Eduard J / Petrangeli Papini, Marco

The Science of the total environment

2021 Volume 793, Page(s) 148649

Abstract	Knowledge of the geology and hydrogeology of the polluted site emblematize a key requirement for environmental remediation, through assembling and synthesizing findings from various sources of physical evidence. In an increasingly virtual era, digital and geo-referenced metadata may serve as tools for collecting, merging, matching, and understanding multi-source information. The main goal of this paper is to emphasize the significance of a 3D hydrogeochemical model to the portrayal and the understanding of contamination dynamics and decontamination mechanisms at a highly contaminated industrial site. Some remediation measures are active on-site, due to the evidence-based presence of chlorinated solvents in groundwater. These are attributable to a slow-release source of pollutants in the saturated zone associated with very low permeability sediments. Therefore, in this research, a new technique for the remediation of secondary sources of dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination was investigated for the first time on a full-scale application. The combination of groundwater circulation wells (IEG-GCW®) and a continuous electron donor production device was set up to boost in situ bioremediation (ISB). A multi-phase approach was followed handling and releasing data during various remediation stages, from site characterization via pilot testing to full-scale remediation, thus allowing users to monitor, analyze, and manipulate information in 3D space-time. Multi-source and multi-temporal scenarios reveal the impact of ongoing hydraulic dynamics and depict the decontamination mechanisms in response to the interventions implemented over time, by quantifying the overall performance of the adopted strategies in terms of removal of secondary sources of pollution still active at the site.
MeSH term(s)	Biodegradation, Environmental ; Decontamination ; Groundwater ; Power, Psychological ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
Chemical Substances	Water Pollutants, Chemical
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-24
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148649
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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