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Article ; Online: Land use for animal production in global change studies: Defining and characterizing a framework.

Phelps, Leanne N / Kaplan, Jed O

2017 Volume 23, Issue 11, Page(s) 4457–4471

Abstract: Land use for animal production influences the earth system in a variety of ways, including local-scale modification to biodiversity, soils, and nutrient cycling; regional changes in albedo and hydrology; and global-scale changes in greenhouse gas and ... ...

Abstract	Land use for animal production influences the earth system in a variety of ways, including local-scale modification to biodiversity, soils, and nutrient cycling; regional changes in albedo and hydrology; and global-scale changes in greenhouse gas and aerosol concentrations. Pasture is furthermore the single most extensive form of land cover, currently comprising about 22-26% of the earth's ice-free land surface. Despite the importance and variable expressions of animal production, distinctions among different systems are effectively absent from studies of land use and land cover change. This deficiency is improving; however, livestock production system classifications are rarely applied in this context, and the most popular global land cover inventories still present only a single, usually poorly defined category of "pasture" or "rangeland" with no characterization of land use. There is a marked lack of bottom-up, evidence-based methodology, creating a pressing need to incorporate cross-disciplinary evidence of past and present animal production systems into global change studies. Here, we present a framework, modified from existing livestock production systems, that is rooted in sociocultural, socioeconomic, and ecological contexts. The framework defines and characterizes the range of land usage pertaining to animal production, and is suitable for application in land use inventories and scenarios, land cover modeling, and studies on sustainable land use in the past, present, and future.
MeSH term(s)	Agriculture/methods ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Livestock ; Soil
Chemical Substances	Soil
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.13732
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Article ; Online: Madagascar's fire regimes challenge global assumptions about landscape degradation.

Phelps, Leanne N / Andela, Niels / Gravey, Mathieu / Davis, Dylan S / Kull, Christian A / Douglass, Kristina / Lehmann, Caroline E R

Global change biology

2022 Volume 28, Issue 23, Page(s) 6944–6960

Abstract: Narratives of landscape degradation are often linked to unsustainable fire use by local communities. Madagascar is a case in point: the island is considered globally exceptional, with its remarkable endemic biodiversity viewed as threatened by ... ...

Abstract	Narratives of landscape degradation are often linked to unsustainable fire use by local communities. Madagascar is a case in point: the island is considered globally exceptional, with its remarkable endemic biodiversity viewed as threatened by unsustainable anthropogenic fire. Yet, fire regimes on Madagascar have not been empirically characterised or globally contextualised. Here, we contribute a comparative approach to determining relationships between regional fire regimes and global patterns and trends, applied to Madagascar using MODIS remote sensing data (2003-2019). Rather than a global exception, we show that Madagascar's fire regimes are similar to 88% of tropical burned area with shared climate and vegetation characteristics, and can be considered a microcosm of most tropical fire regimes. From 2003-2019, landscape-scale fire declined across tropical grassy biomes (17%-44% excluding Madagascar), and on Madagascar at a relatively fast rate (36%-46%). Thus, high tree loss anomalies on the island (1.25-4.77× the tropical average) were not explained by any general expansion of landscape-scale fire in grassy biomes. Rather, tree loss anomalies centred in forests, and could not be explained by landscape-scale fire escaping from savannas into forests. Unexpectedly, the highest tree loss anomalies on Madagascar (4.77×) occurred in environments without landscape-scale fire, where the role of small-scale fires (<21 h [0.21 km
MeSH term(s)	Ecosystem ; Madagascar ; Fires ; Forests ; Trees ; Poaceae
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.16206
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Article ; Online: Madagascar's fire regimes challenge global assumptions about landscape degradation

Phelps, Leanne N. / Andela, Niels / Gravey, Mathieu / Davis, Dylan S. / Kull, Christian A. / Douglass, Kristina / Lehmann, Caroline E. R.

Global Change Biology. 2022 Dec., v. 28, no. 23 p.6944-6960

2022

Abstract	Narratives of landscape degradation are often linked to unsustainable fire use by local communities. Madagascar is a case in point: the island is considered globally exceptional, with its remarkable endemic biodiversity viewed as threatened by unsustainable anthropogenic fire. Yet, fire regimes on Madagascar have not been empirically characterised or globally contextualised. Here, we contribute a comparative approach to determining relationships between regional fire regimes and global patterns and trends, applied to Madagascar using MODIS remote sensing data (2003–2019). Rather than a global exception, we show that Madagascar's fire regimes are similar to 88% of tropical burned area with shared climate and vegetation characteristics, and can be considered a microcosm of most tropical fire regimes. From 2003–2019, landscape‐scale fire declined across tropical grassy biomes (17%–44% excluding Madagascar), and on Madagascar at a relatively fast rate (36%–46%). Thus, high tree loss anomalies on the island (1.25–4.77× the tropical average) were not explained by any general expansion of landscape‐scale fire in grassy biomes. Rather, tree loss anomalies centred in forests, and could not be explained by landscape‐scale fire escaping from savannas into forests. Unexpectedly, the highest tree loss anomalies on Madagascar (4.77×) occurred in environments without landscape‐scale fire, where the role of small‐scale fires (<21 h [0.21 km²]) is unknown. While landscape‐scale fire declined across tropical grassy biomes, trends in tropical forests reflected important differences among regions, indicating a need to better understand regional variation in the anthropogenic drivers of forest loss and fire risk. Our new understanding of Madagascar's fire regimes offers two lessons with global implications: first, landscape‐scale fire is declining across tropical grassy biomes and does not explain high tree loss anomalies on Madagascar. Second, landscape‐scale fire is not uniformly associated with tropical forest loss, indicating a need for socio‐ecological context in framing new narratives of fire and ecosystem degradation.
Keywords	biodiversity ; climate ; ecosystems ; global change ; landscapes ; risk ; trees ; tropical forests ; Madagascar
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-12
Size	p. 6944-6960.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.16206
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Late-Holocene vegetation and fire history in Western Putorana Plateau (subarctic Siberia, Russia)

Novenko, Elena Yu / Rudenko, Olga V / Mazei, Natalia G / Kupriyanov, Dmitry A / Batalova, Vlada A / Volkova, Elena M / Phelps, Leanne N / Davis, Basil AS

Holocene. 2022 May, v. 32, no. 5

2022

Abstract: We present a reconstruction of vegetation dynamics and fire history from the western part of the Putorana Plateau during the Late-Holocene. The study area is located in the remote and poorly investigated region of Central Siberia, which represents an ... ...

Abstract	We present a reconstruction of vegetation dynamics and fire history from the western part of the Putorana Plateau during the Late-Holocene. The study area is located in the remote and poorly investigated region of Central Siberia, which represents an important area for understanding climate and environmental changes in the Russian Subarctic. Pollen and macroscopic charcoal data from three closely located lakes along an altitudinal transect in the Khantaika River basin show no major changes in vegetation in the study area during the last 3.9 ka BP. However, a detailed analysis of the data reveals an extension of forest coverage in lake catchments at about 3.1 ka BP followed by a gradual degradation of woodlands, and an expansion of shrubs and tundra vegetation at around 2.7–2.5 ka BP. Fire activity was relatively high between 3.0 and 2.0 ka BP compared to all but the most modern part of the record, while macroscopic charcoal accumulation reaches a maximum in the most recent surface sediments. This suggests an increase in the frequency and area of fires in the region since the end of the 19th century, which has no analog during the Late-Holocene.
Keywords	Holocene epoch ; Siberia ; altitude ; charcoal ; fire history ; forests ; lakes ; pollen ; tundra ; watersheds
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-05
Size	p. 433-441.
Publishing place	SAGE Publications
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2027956-5
ISSN	1477-0911 ; 0959-6836
ISSN (online)	1477-0911
ISSN	0959-6836
DOI	10.1177/09596836221074034
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Article: Land use for animal production in global change studies: Defining and characterizing a framework

Phelps, Leanne N / Jed O. Kaplan

Global change biology. 2017 Nov., v. 23, no. 11

2017

Abstract: Land use for animal production influences the earth system in a variety of ways, including localâscale modification to biodiversity, soils, and nutrient cycling; regional changes in albedo and hydrology; and globalâscale changes in greenhouse gas and ...

Abstract	Land use for animal production influences the earth system in a variety of ways, including localâscale modification to biodiversity, soils, and nutrient cycling; regional changes in albedo and hydrology; and globalâscale changes in greenhouse gas and aerosol concentrations. Pasture is furthermore the single most extensive form of land cover, currently comprising about 22â26% of the earth's iceâfree land surface. Despite the importance and variable expressions of animal production, distinctions among different systems are effectively absent from studies of land use and land cover change. This deficiency is improving; however, livestock production system classifications are rarely applied in this context, and the most popular global land cover inventories still present only a single, usually poorly defined category of âpastureâ or ârangelandâ with no characterization of land use. There is a marked lack of bottomâup, evidenceâbased methodology, creating a pressing need to incorporate crossâdisciplinary evidence of past and present animal production systems into global change studies. Here, we present a framework, modified from existing livestock production systems, that is rooted in sociocultural, socioeconomic, and ecological contexts. The framework defines and characterizes the range of land usage pertaining to animal production, and is suitable for application in land use inventories and scenarios, land cover modeling, and studies on sustainable land use in the past, present, and future.
Keywords	aerosols ; biodiversity ; biogeochemical cycles ; global change ; greenhouse gases ; hydrology ; inventories ; land cover ; land use ; land use and land cover maps ; livestock production ; models ; pastures ; production technology ; rangelands ; soil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-11
Size	p. 4457-4471.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.13732
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Asymmetric response of forest and grassy biomes to climate variability across the African Humid Period: influenced by anthropogenic disturbance?

Phelps, Leanne N / Chevalier, Manuel / Shanahan, Timothy M / Aleman, Julie C / Courtney‐Mustaphi, Colin / Kiahtipes, Christopher Albert / Broennimann, Oliver / Marchant, Rob / Shekeine, John / Quick, Lynne J / Davis, Basil A. S / Guisan, Antoine / Manning, Katie

Ecography. 2020 Aug., v. 43, no. 8

2020

Abstract: A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between land cover, climate change and disturbance dynamics is needed to inform scenarios of vegetation change on the African continent. Although significant advances have been made, large uncertainties ... ...

Abstract	A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between land cover, climate change and disturbance dynamics is needed to inform scenarios of vegetation change on the African continent. Although significant advances have been made, large uncertainties exist in projections of future biodiversity and ecosystem change for the world's largest tropical landmass. To better illustrate the effects of climate–disturbance–ecosystem interactions on continental‐scale vegetation change, we apply a novel statistical multivariate envelope approach to subfossil pollen data and climate model outputs (TraCE‐21ka). We target paleoenvironmental records across continental Africa, from the African Humid Period (AHP: ca 14 700–5500 yr BP) – an interval of spatially and temporally variable hydroclimatic conditions – until recent times, to improve our understanding of overarching vegetation trends and to compare changes between forest and grassy biomes (savanna and grassland). Our results suggest that although climate variability was the dominant driver of change, forest and grassy biomes responded asymmetrically: 1) the climatic envelope of grassy biomes expanded, or persisted in increasingly diverse climatic conditions, during the second half of the AHP whilst that of forest did not; 2) forest retreat occurred much more slowly during the mid to late Holocene compared to the early AHP forest expansion; and 3) as forest and grassy biomes diverged during the second half of the AHP, their ecological relationship (envelope overlap) fundamentally changed. Based on these asymmetries and associated changes in human land use, we propose and discuss three hypotheses about the influence of anthropogenic disturbance on continental‐scale vegetation change.
Keywords	Holocene epoch ; anthropogenic activities ; biodiversity ; climate change ; climate models ; climatic factors ; ecosystems ; forests ; grasslands ; land cover ; land use ; paleoecology ; pollen ; savannas ; uncertainty ; Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-08
Size	p. 1118-1142.
Publishing place	Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1112659-0
ISSN	0906-7590
ISSN	0906-7590
DOI	10.1111/ecog.04990
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Pollen-based climate reconstruction techniques for late Quaternary studies

Chevalier, Manuel / Davis, Basil A.S / Heiri, Oliver / Seppä, Heikki / Chase, Brian M / Gajewski, Konrad / Lacourse, Terri / Telford, Richard J / Finsinger, Walter / Guiot, Joël / Kühl, Norbert / Maezumi, S. Yoshi / Tipton, John R / Carter, Vachel A / Brussel, Thomas / Phelps, Leanne N / Dawson, Andria / Zanon, Marco / Vallé, Francesca /

Nolan, Connor / Mauri, Achille / de Vernal, Anne / Izumi, Kenji / Holmström, Lasse / Marsicek, Jeremiah / Goring, Simon / Sommer, Philipp S / Chaput, Michelle / Kupriyanov, Dmitry

Earth-science reviews. 2020 Nov., v. 210

2020

Abstract: Fossil pollen records are well-established indicators of past vegetation changes. The prevalence of pollen across environmental settings including lakes, wetlands, and marine sediments, has made palynology one of the most ubiquitous and valuable tools ... ...

Abstract	Fossil pollen records are well-established indicators of past vegetation changes. The prevalence of pollen across environmental settings including lakes, wetlands, and marine sediments, has made palynology one of the most ubiquitous and valuable tools for studying past environmental and climatic change globally for decades. A complementary research focus has been the development of statistical techniques to derive quantitative estimates of climatic conditions from pollen assemblages. This paper reviews the most commonly used statistical techniques and their rationale and seeks to provide a resource to facilitate their inclusion in more palaeoclimatic research. To this end, we first address the fundamental aspects of fossil pollen data that should be considered when undertaking pollen-based climate reconstructions. We then introduce the range of techniques currently available, the history of their development, and the situations in which they can be best employed. We review the literature on how to define robust calibration datasets, produce high-quality reconstructions, and evaluate climate reconstructions, and suggest methods and products that could be developed to facilitate accessibility and global usability. To continue to foster the development and inclusion of pollen climate reconstruction methods, we promote the development of reporting standards. When established, such standards should 1) enable broader application of climate reconstruction techniques, especially in regions where such methods are currently underused, and 2) enable the evaluation and reproduction of individual reconstructions, structuring them for the evolving open-science era, and optimising the use of fossil pollen data as a vital means for the study of past environmental and climatic variability. We also strongly encourage developers and users of palaeoclimate reconstruction methodologies to make associated programming code publicly available, which will further help disseminate these techniques to interested communities.
Keywords	climate change ; data collection ; paleoclimatology ; palynology ; pollen ; reproduction ; vegetation
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-11
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	1792-9
ISSN	0012-8252
ISSN	0012-8252
DOI	10.1016/j.earscirev.2020.103384
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Article ; Online: Mapping past human land use using archaeological data: A new classification for global land use synthesis and data harmonization.

Morrison, Kathleen D / Hammer, Emily / Boles, Oliver / Madella, Marco / Whitehouse, Nicola / Gaillard, Marie-Jose / Bates, Jennifer / Vander Linden, Marc / Merlo, Stefania / Yao, Alice / Popova, Laura / Hill, Austin Chad / Antolin, Ferran / Bauer, Andrew / Biagetti, Stefano / Bishop, Rosie R / Buckland, Phillip / Cruz, Pablo / Dreslerová, Dagmar /

Dusseldorp, Gerrit / Ellis, Erle / Filipovic, Dragana / Foster, Thomas / Hannaford, Matthew J / Harrison, Sandy P / Hazarika, Manjil / Herold, Hajnalka / Hilpert, Johanna / Kaplan, Jed O / Kay, Andrea / Klein Goldewijk, Kees / Kolář, Jan / Kyazike, Elizabeth / Laabs, Julian / Lancelotti, Carla / Lane, Paul / Lawrence, Dan / Lewis, Krista / Lombardo, Umberto / Lucarini, Giulio / Arroyo-Kalin, Manuel / Marchant, Rob / Mayle, Francis / McClatchie, Meriel / McLeester, Madeleine / Mooney, Scott / Moskal-Del Hoyo, Magdalena / Navarrete, Vanessa / Ndiema, Emmanuel / Góes Neves, Eduardo / Nowak, Marek / Out, Welmoed A / Petrie, Cameron / Phelps, Leanne N / Pinke, Zsolt / Rostain, Stéphen / Russell, Thembi / Sluyter, Andrew / Styring, Amy K / Tamanaha, Eduardo / Thomas, Evert / Veerasamy, Selvakumar / Welton, Lynn / Zanon, Marco

PloS one

2021 Volume 16, Issue 4, Page(s) e0246662

Abstract: In the 12,000 years preceding the Industrial Revolution, human activities led to significant changes in land cover, plant and animal distributions, surface hydrology, and biochemical cycles. Earth system models suggest that this anthropogenic land cover ... ...

Abstract	In the 12,000 years preceding the Industrial Revolution, human activities led to significant changes in land cover, plant and animal distributions, surface hydrology, and biochemical cycles. Earth system models suggest that this anthropogenic land cover change influenced regional and global climate. However, the representation of past land use in earth system models is currently oversimplified. As a result, there are large uncertainties in the current understanding of the past and current state of the earth system. In order to improve representation of the variety and scale of impacts that past land use had on the earth system, a global effort is underway to aggregate and synthesize archaeological and historical evidence of land use systems. Here we present a simple, hierarchical classification of land use systems designed to be used with archaeological and historical data at a global scale and a schema of codes that identify land use practices common to a range of systems, both implemented in a geospatial database. The classification scheme and database resulted from an extensive process of consultation with researchers worldwide. Our scheme is designed to deliver consistent, empirically robust data for the improvement of land use models, while simultaneously allowing for a comparative, detailed mapping of land use relevant to the needs of historical scholars. To illustrate the benefits of the classification scheme and methods for mapping historical land use, we apply it to Mesopotamia and Arabia at 6 kya (c. 4000 BCE). The scheme will be used to describe land use by the Past Global Changes (PAGES) LandCover6k working group, an international project comprised of archaeologists, historians, geographers, paleoecologists, and modelers. Beyond this, the scheme has a wide utility for creating a common language between research and policy communities, linking archaeologists with climate modelers, biodiversity conservation workers and initiatives.
MeSH term(s)	Arabia ; Archaeology ; Biodiversity ; Climate ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Data Management ; Earth, Planet ; Ecosystem ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Mesopotamia ; Natural Resources
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Historical Article ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0246662
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Article ; Online: Madagascar's extraordinary biodiversity: Evolution, distribution, and use.

Antonelli, Alexandre / Smith, Rhian J / Perrigo, Allison L / Crottini, Angelica / Hackel, Jan / Testo, Weston / Farooq, Harith / Torres Jiménez, Maria F / Andela, Niels / Andermann, Tobias / Andriamanohera, Andotiana M / Andriambololonera, Sylvie / Bachman, Steven P / Bacon, Christine D / Baker, William J / Belluardo, Francesco / Birkinshaw, Chris / Borrell, James S / Cable, Stuart /

Canales, Nataly A / Carrillo, Juan D / Clegg, Rosie / Clubbe, Colin / Cooke, Robert S C / Damasco, Gabriel / Dhanda, Sonia / Edler, Daniel / Faurby, Søren / de Lima Ferreira, Paola / Fisher, Brian L / Forest, Félix / Gardiner, Lauren M / Goodman, Steven M / Grace, Olwen M / Guedes, Thaís B / Henniges, Marie C / Hill, Rowena / Lehmann, Caroline E R / Lowry, Porter P / Marline, Lovanomenjanahary / Matos-Maraví, Pável / Moat, Justin / Neves, Beatriz / Nogueira, Matheus G C / Onstein, Renske E / Papadopulos, Alexander S T / Perez-Escobar, Oscar A / Phelps, Leanne N / Phillipson, Peter B / Pironon, Samuel / Przelomska, Natalia A S / Rabarimanarivo, Marina / Rabehevitra, David / Raharimampionona, Jeannie / Rajaonah, Mamy Tiana / Rajaonary, Fano / Rajaovelona, Landy R / Rakotoarinivo, Mijoro / Rakotoarisoa, Amédée A / Rakotoarisoa, Solofo E / Rakotomalala, Herizo N / Rakotonasolo, Franck / Ralaiveloarisoa, Berthe A / Ramirez-Herranz, Myriam / Randriamamonjy, Jean Emmanuel N / Randriamboavonjy, Tianjanahary / Randrianasolo, Vonona / Rasolohery, Andriambolantsoa / Ratsifandrihamanana, Anitry N / Ravololomanana, Noro / Razafiniary, Velosoa / Razanajatovo, Henintsoa / Razanatsoa, Estelle / Rivers, Malin / Sayol, Ferran / Silvestro, Daniele / Vorontsova, Maria S / Walker, Kim / Walker, Barnaby E / Wilkin, Paul / Williams, Jenny / Ziegler, Thomas / Zizka, Alexander / Ralimanana, Hélène

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2022 Volume 378, Issue 6623, Page(s) eabf0869

Abstract: Madagascar's biota is hyperdiverse and includes exceptional levels of endemicity. We review the current state of knowledge on Madagascar's past and current terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity by compiling and presenting comprehensive data on species ... ...

Abstract	Madagascar's biota is hyperdiverse and includes exceptional levels of endemicity. We review the current state of knowledge on Madagascar's past and current terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity by compiling and presenting comprehensive data on species diversity, endemism, and rates of species description and human uses, in addition to presenting an updated and simplified map of vegetation types. We report a substantial increase of records and species new to science in recent years; however, the diversity and evolution of many groups remain practically unknown (e.g., fungi and most invertebrates). Digitization efforts are increasing the resolution of species richness patterns and we highlight the crucial role of field- and collections-based research for advancing biodiversity knowledge and identifying gaps in our understanding, particularly as species richness corresponds closely to collection effort. Phylogenetic diversity patterns mirror that of species richness and endemism in most of the analyzed groups. We highlight humid forests as centers of diversity and endemism because of their role as refugia and centers of recent and rapid radiations. However, the distinct endemism of other areas, such as the grassland-woodland mosaic of the Central Highlands and the spiny forest of the southwest, is also biologically important despite lower species richness. The documented uses of Malagasy biodiversity are manifold, with much potential for the uncovering of new useful traits for food, medicine, and climate mitigation. The data presented here showcase Madagascar as a unique "living laboratory" for our understanding of evolution and the complex interactions between people and nature. The gathering and analysis of biodiversity data must continue and accelerate if we are to fully understand and safeguard this unique subset of Earth's biodiversity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Biodiversity ; Biota ; Forests ; Madagascar ; Phylogeny ; Biological Evolution
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.abf0869
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Article ; Online: Madagascar's extraordinary biodiversity: Threats and opportunities.

Ralimanana, Hélène / Perrigo, Allison L / Smith, Rhian J / Borrell, James S / Faurby, Søren / Rajaonah, Mamy Tiana / Randriamboavonjy, Tianjanahary / Vorontsova, Maria S / Cooke, Robert S C / Phelps, Leanne N / Sayol, Ferran / Andela, Niels / Andermann, Tobias / Andriamanohera, Andotiana M / Andriambololonera, Sylvie / Bachman, Steven P / Bacon, Christine D / Baker, William J / Belluardo, Francesco /

Birkinshaw, Chris / Cable, Stuart / Canales, Nataly A / Carrillo, Juan D / Clegg, Rosie / Clubbe, Colin / Crottini, Angelica / Damasco, Gabriel / Dhanda, Sonia / Edler, Daniel / Farooq, Harith / de Lima Ferreira, Paola / Fisher, Brian L / Forest, Félix / Gardiner, Lauren M / Goodman, Steven M / Grace, Olwen M / Guedes, Thaís B / Hackel, Jan / Henniges, Marie C / Hill, Rowena / Lehmann, Caroline E R / Lowry, Porter P / Marline, Lovanomenjanahary / Matos-Maraví, Pável / Moat, Justin / Neves, Beatriz / Nogueira, Matheus G C / Onstein, Renske E / Papadopulos, Alexander S T / Perez-Escobar, Oscar A / Phillipson, Peter B / Pironon, Samuel / Przelomska, Natalia A S / Rabarimanarivo, Marina / Rabehevitra, David / Raharimampionona, Jeannie / Rajaonary, Fano / Rajaovelona, Landy R / Rakotoarinivo, Mijoro / Rakotoarisoa, Amédée A / Rakotoarisoa, Solofo E / Rakotomalala, Herizo N / Rakotonasolo, Franck / Ralaiveloarisoa, Berthe A / Ramirez-Herranz, Myriam / Randriamamonjy, Jean Emmanuel N / Randrianasolo, Vonona / Rasolohery, Andriambolantsoa / Ratsifandrihamanana, Anitry N / Ravololomanana, Noro / Razafiniary, Velosoa / Razanajatovo, Henintsoa / Razanatsoa, Estelle / Rivers, Malin / Silvestro, Daniele / Testo, Weston / Torres Jiménez, Maria F / Walker, Kim / Walker, Barnaby E / Wilkin, Paul / Williams, Jenny / Ziegler, Thomas / Zizka, Alexander / Antonelli, Alexandre

Science (New York, N.Y.)

2022 Volume 378, Issue 6623, Page(s) eadf1466

Abstract: Madagascar's unique biota is heavily affected by human activity and is under intense threat. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the conservation status of Madagascar's terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity by presenting data and analyses ...

Abstract	Madagascar's unique biota is heavily affected by human activity and is under intense threat. Here, we review the current state of knowledge on the conservation status of Madagascar's terrestrial and freshwater biodiversity by presenting data and analyses on documented and predicted species-level conservation statuses, the most prevalent and relevant threats, ex situ collections and programs, and the coverage and comprehensiveness of protected areas. The existing terrestrial protected area network in Madagascar covers 10.4% of its land area and includes at least part of the range of the majority of described native species of vertebrates with known distributions (97.1% of freshwater fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals combined) and plants (67.7%). The overall figures are higher for threatened species (97.7% of threatened vertebrates and 79.6% of threatened plants occurring within at least one protected area). International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List assessments and Bayesian neural network analyses for plants identify overexploitation of biological resources and unsustainable agriculture as the most prominent threats to biodiversity. We highlight five opportunities for action at multiple levels to ensure that conservation and ecological restoration objectives, programs, and activities take account of complex underlying and interacting factors and produce tangible benefits for the biodiversity and people of Madagascar.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Bayes Theorem ; Madagascar ; Biodiversity ; Endangered Species ; Biota ; Mammals
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	128410-1
ISSN	1095-9203 ; 0036-8075
ISSN (online)	1095-9203
ISSN	0036-8075
DOI	10.1126/science.adf1466
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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