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Article ; Online: Investigating the inaccuracies of indirect method of blood pressure measurement associated to the cuff constructing fabrics

Shenela Naqvi / Muhammad Dawood Husain / Philip Lewis

Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol 41, Iss 2, Pp 127-

2022 Volume 134

Abstract: Numerous cuffs have been manufactured using different materials in which textile fabric is the main constituent. There are no specific guidelines for the selection of the cuff fabric and its design. In this investigation, five different types of cuffs ( ... ...

Abstract	Numerous cuffs have been manufactured using different materials in which textile fabric is the main constituent. There are no specific guidelines for the selection of the cuff fabric and its design. In this investigation, five different types of cuffs (made of woven and non-woven fabrics) were selected, and their pressure distribution was noted while mimicking the process of blood pressure measurement. It was achieved by measuring pressure at the interface of the selected cuffs and a bare metal cylinder. I-scan, an interface pressure measurement system was employed to record the interface pressure profiles under the cuffs against 140 mmHg to 40 mmHg pressure inside the cuffs. The data obtained from the pressure sensing system was processed in MATLAB to examine pressure distribution at 96 points in detail. The results show that the cuffs registered non-uniform pressure distribution at the interface which is also non-identical among the selected cuffs. The pressure at the interface is found to be lower than the pressure inside the cuff, which shows that pressure attenuates as transfers to the surface of the object underneath it. The range of the pressure difference varies from 10 mmHg to 15 mmHg. This study indicates that the pressure distribution under a cuff depends on the constructing fabric and its properties. It is concluded that there is a need to select appropriate fabric with optimized properties for desired pressure distribution which may lead to accurate estimation of blood pressure.
Keywords	Technology ; T ; Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ; TA1-2040 ; Science ; Q
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Mehran University of Engineering and Technology
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Community stroke team use of home blood pressure monitoring improves blood pressure control after stroke

Philip Lewis / Louise Worswick / Christopher Ashton / Sarah Rickard / Carolyn Shimwell / Tracy Walker

BMJ Open Quality, Vol 12, Iss

a quality improvement report

2023 Volume 2

Keywords	Medicine (General) ; R5-920
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Rudolph, the kids’ ward reindeer

Thomas C. Erren / Jonas Wallraff / Ursula Wild / David M. Shaw / Philip Lewis

Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a scoping review of the effects of support animals on the well-being of healthcare staff

2023 Volume 11

Abstract: Abstract Background Many systematic reviews identify support animals or animal assisted activity as a beneficial and standard practice in several medical disciplines for patients (children, adolescents, and adults) and residents in care homes. A variety ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Many systematic reviews identify support animals or animal assisted activity as a beneficial and standard practice in several medical disciplines for patients (children, adolescents, and adults) and residents in care homes. A variety of animals are used such as dogs, cats, ponies, horses, alpacas, reindeer, penguins, rabbits, and tarantulas. Our objective was to explore the evidence regarding effects of animal assisted activity on a further population of interest; namely, healthcare staff. Methods We asked the question “how do support animals in healthcare settings affect the well-being of healthcare staff?” As an addendum, we were also interested in what - possibly more unique - animals have visited healthcare settings at Christmas time in particular. We conducted a scoping literature review using PubMed and Web of Science (search as of 26 April 2023). Results Twenty studies (in the USA, Australia, Europe; dogs: n = 19; cats: n = 1) since 2002 included: studies with biological measures (n = 3), longitudinal survey studies with analyses (n = 5), cross-sectional survey studies with analyses (n = 2), and cross-sectional survey studies with descriptive statistics (n = 10). Overall, animal assisted activities appear to be well-received by staff and there do not seem to be negative impacts on staff well-being. Conclusions Relevant positive effects and avenues of research are identified. Our review suggests that, but not exactly how, animal assisted activity benefits staff. Study evidence is limited with most studies being cross-sectional, descriptive, having low participant numbers, and mostly only involving dogs. Nonetheless, the evidence is mostly positive. The potential of animal assisted activities impacting positively on staff well-being warrants systematic research. Gaps in hard-fact-evidence should not deter us – especially at the festive season – to encourage work with, and systematic research regarding, support animals that provide warmth, empathy, comfort, and more in healthcare settings.
Keywords	Support animal ; Healthcare staff ; Animal assisted activity ; Animal assisted therapy ; Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene ; RC963-969
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The riddle of shiftwork and disturbed chronobiology

Thomas C. Erren / Philip Lewis / Peter Morfeld

Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Vol 15, Iss 1, Pp 1-

a case study of landmark smoking data demonstrates fallacies of not considering the ubiquity of an exposure

2020 Volume 6

Abstract: Abstract Background Failing to integrate all sources of a ubiquitous hazard candidate may explain inconsistent and/or null, and overall misleading, results in epidemiological studies such as those related to shift-work. Methods We explore this rationale ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Failing to integrate all sources of a ubiquitous hazard candidate may explain inconsistent and/or null, and overall misleading, results in epidemiological studies such as those related to shift-work. Methods We explore this rationale on the assumption that Doll and Hill had confined their 1950 landmark study to smoking at workplaces alone. We assess how non-differential, or how differential, underestimation of exposure could have biased computed risks. Results Systematically unappreciated exposures at play could have led to substantial information bias. Beyond affecting the magnitude of risks, not even the direction of risk distortion would have been predictable. Conclusions Disturbed chronobiology research should consider cumulative doses from all walks of life. This is a conditio sine qua non to avoid potentially biased and uninterpretable risk estimates when assessing effects of a ubiquitous hazard candidate.
Keywords	Bias ; Exposure assessment ; Information bias ; Circadian ; Chronobiology ; Night work ; Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene ; RC963-969
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Linking Remote Sensing with APSIM through Emulation and Bayesian Optimization to Improve Yield Prediction

Hamze Dokoohaki / Teerath Rai / Marissa Kivi / Philip Lewis / Jose L. Gómez-Dans / Feng Yin

Remote Sensing, Vol 14, Iss 5389, p

2022 Volume 5389

Abstract: The enormous increase in the volume of Earth Observations (EOs) has provided the scientific community with unprecedented temporal, spatial, and spectral information. However, this increase in the volume of EOs has not yet resulted in proportional ... ...

Abstract	The enormous increase in the volume of Earth Observations (EOs) has provided the scientific community with unprecedented temporal, spatial, and spectral information. However, this increase in the volume of EOs has not yet resulted in proportional progress with our ability to forecast agricultural systems. This study examines the applicability of EOs obtained from Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 for constraining the APSIM-Maize model parameters. We leveraged leaf area index (LAI) retrieved from Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) to constrain a series of APSIM-Maize model parameters in three different Bayesian multi-criteria optimization frameworks across 13 different calibration sites in the U.S. Midwest. The novelty of the current study lies in its approach in providing a mathematical framework to directly integrate EOs into process-based models for improved parameter estimation and system representation. Thus, a time variant sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the most influential parameters driving the LAI (Leaf Area Index) estimates in APSIM-Maize model. Then surrogate models were developed using random samples taken from the parameter space using Latin hypercube sampling to emulate APSIM’s behavior in simulating NDVI and LAI at all sites. Site-level, global and hierarchical Bayesian optimization models were then developed using the site-level emulators to simultaneously constrain all parameters and estimate the site to site variability in crop parameters. For within sample predictions, site-level optimization showed the largest predictive uncertainty around LAI and crop yield, whereas the global optimization showed the most constraint predictions for these variables. The lowest RMSE within sample yield prediction was found for hierarchical optimization scheme (1423 Kg ha <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" ...<br />
Keywords	yield prediction ; APSIM ; optimization ; bayesian ; hierarchical ; emulation ; Science ; Q
Subject code	511
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Can yesterday’s smoking research inform today’s shiftwork research? Epistemological consequences for exposures and doses due to circadian disruption at and off work

Thomas C. Erren / Philip Lewis

Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2017 Volume 8

Abstract: Abstract In 1950, landmark epidemiology studies by Wynder & Graham and Doll & Hill contributed to identifying smoking as a potent carcinogen. In 2007, IARC classified shiftwork involving circadian disruption (CD) as probably carcinogenic; however, ... ...

Abstract	Abstract In 1950, landmark epidemiology studies by Wynder & Graham and Doll & Hill contributed to identifying smoking as a potent carcinogen. In 2007, IARC classified shiftwork involving circadian disruption (CD) as probably carcinogenic; however, epidemiological evidence in regards to the carcinogenicity of shiftwork that involves nightwork is conflicting. We hypothesize that shiftwork research is lacking chronobiological and methodological rigor and that lessons can be learned from comparison with smoking research. Herein, we provide a factual view at, and a fictional case study of, 1940s smoking research which serves as an analogy for current shiftwork research dilemmas. This analogy takes the form of limiting counting cigarettes to a particular time window (i.e. at work) rather than assessing exposures to, and doses of, accumulated smoking over 24 h, highlighting the importance of exposure and dose. Simply put, smoking insights could have been delayed or even disallowed. In conclusion, CD may be similar to smoking insofar as for quantitative measures of cumulative doses, exposures both at and off work may have to be considered. Future work must explore whether such similarity factually exists and whether CD is a cancer hazard in IARC terms.
Keywords	Smoking ; Cancer ; Shiftwork ; Circadian disruption ; Night work ; Light ; Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene ; RC963-969
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: COVID-19

Peter Morfeld / Barbara Timmermann / J. Valérie Groß / Philip Lewis / Pierluigi Cocco / Thomas C. Erren

Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

Heterogeneous Excess Mortality and “Burden of Disease” in Germany and Italy and Their States and Regions, January–June 2020

2021 Volume 9

Abstract: Total mortality and “burden of disease” in Germany and Italy and their states and regions were explored during the first COVID-19 wave by using publicly available data for 16 German states and 20 Italian regions from January 2016 to June 2020. Based on ... ...

Abstract	Total mortality and “burden of disease” in Germany and Italy and their states and regions were explored during the first COVID-19 wave by using publicly available data for 16 German states and 20 Italian regions from January 2016 to June 2020. Based on expectations from 2016 to 2019, simplified Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) for deaths occurring in the first half of 2020 and the effect of changed excess mortality in terms of “burden of disease” were assessed. Moreover, whether two German states and 19 Italian cities appropriately represent the countries within the European monitoring of excess mortality for public health action (EuroMOMO) network was explored. Significantly elevated SMRs were observed (Germany: week 14–18, Italy: week 11–18) with SMR peaks in week 15 in Germany (1.15, 95%-CI: 1.09–1.21) and in week 13 in Italy (1.79, 95%-CI: 1.75–1.83). Overall, SMRs were 1.00 (95%-CI: 0.97–1.04) in Germany and 1.06 (95%-CI: 1.03–1.10) in Italy. Significant SMR heterogeneity was found within both countries. Age and sex were strong modifiers. Loss of life expectancy was 0.34 days (1.66 days in men) for Germany and 5.3 days (6.3 days in men) for Italy [with upper limits of 3 and 6 weeks among elderly populations (≥65 years) after maximum potential bias adjustments]. Restricted data used within EuroMOMO neither represents mortality in the countries as a whole nor in their states and regions adequately. Mortality analyses with high spatial and temporal resolution are needed to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic's course.
Keywords	SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 ; SMR ; Germany ; Italy ; mortality excess ; epidemiology ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	940
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Decoupling Canopy Structure and Leaf Biochemistry

Jennifer Adams / Philip Lewis / Mathias Disney

Remote Sensing, Vol 10, Iss 12, p

Testing the Utility of Directional Area Scattering Factor (DASF)

2018 Volume 1911

Abstract: Biochemical properties retrieved from remote sensing data are crucial sources of information for many applications. However, leaf and canopy scattering processes must be accounted for to reliably estimate information on canopy biochemistry, carbon-cycle ... ...

Abstract	Biochemical properties retrieved from remote sensing data are crucial sources of information for many applications. However, leaf and canopy scattering processes must be accounted for to reliably estimate information on canopy biochemistry, carbon-cycle processes and energy exchange. A coupled leaf-canopy model based on spectral invariants theory has been proposed, that uses the so-called Directional Area Scattering Factor (DASF) to correct hyperspectral remote sensing data for canopy structural effects. In this study, the reliability of DASF to decouple canopy structure and biochemistry was empirically tested using simulated reflectance spectra modelled using a Monte Carlo Ray Tracing (MCRT) radiative transfer model. This approach allows all canopy and radiative properties to be specified a priori. Simulations were performed under idealised conditions of directional-hemispherical reflectance, isotropic Lambertian leaf reflectance and transmittance and sufficiently dense (high LAI) canopies with black soil where the impact of canopy background is negligible, and also departures from these conditions. It was shown that both DASF and total canopy scattering could be accurately extracted under idealised conditions using information from both the full 400⁻2500 nm spectral interval and the 710⁻790 nm interval alone, even given no prior knowledge of leaf optical properties. Departures from these idealised conditions: varying view geometry, bi-directional reflectance, LAI and soil effects, were tested. We demonstrate that total canopy scattering could be retrieved under conditions of varying view geometry and bi-directional reflectance, but LAI and soil effects were shown to reduce the accuracy with which the scattering can be modelled using the DASF approach. We show that canopy architecture, either homogeneous or heterogeneous 3D arrangements of canopy scattering elements, has important influences over DASF and consequently the accuracy of retrieval of total canopy scattering. Finally, although DASF and total canopy ...
Keywords	canopy biochemistry ; hyperspectral reflectance ; Directional Area Scattering Factor (DASF) ; spectral invariants ; coupled leaf-canopy radiative transfer model ; canopy scattering ; Monte Carlo Ray Tracing (MCRT) ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Presence of

Ayling-Smith, Jonathan / Speight, Lorraine / Dhillon, Rishi / Backx, Matthijs / White, Philip Lewis / Hood, Kerenza / Duckers, Jamie

Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 8, Issue 4

Abstract: Exophiala dermatitidis is increasingly isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory samples. The decision to treat is hampered by limited evidence demonstrating the clinical significance of isolating E. dermatitidis. The objective was to assess the ... ...

Abstract	Exophiala dermatitidis is increasingly isolated from cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory samples. The decision to treat is hampered by limited evidence demonstrating the clinical significance of isolating E. dermatitidis. The objective was to assess the impact of E. dermatitidis isolation on the lung function of CF patients. The rate of lung function decline in the local CF population was calculated using historic lung function data. A control population who had never had E. dermatitidis cultured from the respiratory tract was compared with the E. dermatitidis group, calculating their rate of lung function decline before and after the first isolation of the organism. A total of 1840 lung function measurements were reviewed between the 31 E. dermatitidis group patients and 62 control patients. Their demographics were similar. The control group declined at a rate of −0.824 FEV1%/year. The rate of decline in the E. dermatitidis group prior to infection was −0.337 FEV1%/year (p = 0.2). However, post infection with E. dermatitidis, there was a significant increase in the rate of decline in lung function (−1.824 FEV1%/year, p < 0.01). The results suggest E. dermatitidis has a temporal relationship with accelerated rate of lung function decline. It is not clear if this is a cause or effect, but this accelerated rate of decline indicates a need for further investigation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2784229-0
ISSN	2309-608X ; 2309-608X
ISSN (online)	2309-608X
ISSN	2309-608X
DOI	10.3390/jof8040376
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: IARC 2019

Thomas C. Erren / Peter Morfeld / J. Valérie Groß / Ursula Wild / Philip Lewis

Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Vol 14, Iss 1, Pp 1-

“Night shift work” is probably carcinogenic: What about disturbed chronobiology in all walks of life?

2019 Volume 3

Abstract: Abstract In June of 2019, a working group convened by the International Agency for Research on Cancer [IARC] concluded that “night shift work” is probably carcinogenic to humans (a Group 2A carcinogen). This was based on sufficient evidence of cancer and ...

Abstract	Abstract In June of 2019, a working group convened by the International Agency for Research on Cancer [IARC] concluded that “night shift work” is probably carcinogenic to humans (a Group 2A carcinogen). This was based on sufficient evidence of cancer and strong mechanistic evidence in experimental animals and limited evidence from human epidemiological studies. The biological basis from experimental work is clear and compelling: Disturbed chronobiology such as due to alterations in the light-dark schedule which shift-workers experience is associated with carcinogenicity. But is it correct to assume in epidemiological studies that “night shift work” provides the same dose of disturbed chronobiology to all night workers and that disturbed chronobiology from activities outside of work does not count? Both chronobiological theory and supporting evidence suggest that much-needed future epidemiology should address these questions and should consider disturbed chronobiology in all walks of life.
Keywords	Night work ; Shift work ; Circadian ; Chronodisruption ; Cancer ; Breast ; Industrial medicine. Industrial hygiene ; RC963-969
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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