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Article: Sensing Forests Directly: The Power of Permanent Plots.

Phillips, Oliver L

2023 Volume 12, Issue 21

Abstract: The need to measure, monitor, and understand our living planet is greater than ever. Yet, while many technologies are applied to tackle this need, one developed in the 19th century is transforming tropical ecology. Permanent plots, in which forests are ... ...

Abstract	The need to measure, monitor, and understand our living planet is greater than ever. Yet, while many technologies are applied to tackle this need, one developed in the 19th century is transforming tropical ecology. Permanent plots, in which forests are directly sensed tree-by-tree and species-by-species, already provide a global public good. They could make greater contributions still by unlocking our potential to understand future ecological change, as the more that computational and remote technologies are deployed the greater the need to ground them with direct observations and the physical, nature-based skills of those who make them. To achieve this requires building profound connections with forests and disadvantaged communities and sustaining these over time. Many of the greatest needs and opportunities in tropical forest science are therefore not to be found in space or in silico, but in vivo, with the people, places and plots who experience nature directly. These are fundamental to understanding the health, predicting the future, and exploring the potential of Earth's richest ecosystems. Now is the time to invest in the tropical field research communities who make so much possible.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2704341-1
ISSN	2223-7747
ISSN	2223-7747
DOI	10.3390/plants12213710
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Article ; Online: MADERA: A standardized Pan-Amazonian dataset for tropical timber species.

Herrera-Alvarez, Ximena / Blanco, Juan A / Phillips, Oliver L / Guadalupe, Vicente / Ortega-López, Leonardo D / Ter Steege, Hans / Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo

Ecology

2023 Volume 104, Issue 9, Page(s) e4135

Abstract: We compiled and presented a dataset for all timber species reported in the Amazon region from all nine South American Amazonian countries. This was based on official information from every country, as well as from two substantial scientific references. ... ...

Abstract	We compiled and presented a dataset for all timber species reported in the Amazon region from all nine South American Amazonian countries. This was based on official information from every country, as well as from two substantial scientific references. We verified the standard taxonomic names from each individual source, using the Taxonomic Name Resolution Service (TNRS) and considered all Amazonian tree species with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥10 cm. We also obtained estimates of the current population size for most species from a published approach based on data from 1900 tree inventory plots (1-ha each) distributed across the Amazon region and part from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). We then identified the hyperdominant timber species. In addition, we overlapped our timber species list with data for species that are used for commercial purposes, according to the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) taxa assessment and Red List categories. Finally, we also included IUCN Red List categories based on combined deforestation, and climate change scenarios for these species. Our final Amazonian timber species dataset contains 1112 unique species records, which belong to 337 genera and 72 families from the lowland Amazonian rainforest, with associated information related to population, conservation, and trade status of each species. The authors of this research expect that the information provided will be useful to strengthen the public forestry policies of the Amazon countries, inform ecological studies, as well for forest management purposes. The data are released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Commerce ; Internationality ; Trees ; Forests ; Forestry ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Tropical Climate
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2010140-5
ISSN	1939-9170 ; 0012-9658
ISSN (online)	1939-9170
ISSN	0012-9658
DOI	10.1002/ecy.4135
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Article ; Online: Forest demography and biomass accumulation rates are associated with transient mean tree size vs. density scaling relations.

Yu, Kailiang / Chen, Han Y H / Gessler, Arthur / Pugh, Thomas A M / Searle, Eric B / Allen, Robert B / Pretzsch, Hans / Ciais, Philippe / Phillips, Oliver L / Brienen, Roel J W / Chu, Chengjin / Xie, Shubin / Ballantyne, Ashley P

PNAS nexus

2024 Volume 3, Issue 2, Page(s) pgae008

Abstract: Linking individual and stand-level dynamics during forest development reveals a scaling relationship between mean tree size and tree density in forest stands, which integrates forest structure and function. However, the nature of this so-called scaling ... ...

Abstract	Linking individual and stand-level dynamics during forest development reveals a scaling relationship between mean tree size and tree density in forest stands, which integrates forest structure and function. However, the nature of this so-called scaling law and its variation across broad spatial scales remain unquantified, and its linkage with forest demographic processes and carbon dynamics remains elusive. In this study, we develop a theoretical framework and compile a broad-scale dataset of long-term sample forest stands (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2752-6542
ISSN (online)	2752-6542
DOI	10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae008
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Article ; Online: MADERA: A standardized Pan‐Amazonian dataset for tropical timber species

Herrera‐Alvarez, Ximena / Blanco, Juan A. / Phillips, Oliver L. / Guadalupe, Vicente / Ortega‐López, Leonardo D. / Steege, Hans ter / Rivas‐Torres, Gonzalo

Ecology. 2023 Sept., v. 104, no. 9 p.e4135-

2023

Abstract	We compiled and presented a dataset for all timber species reported in the Amazon region from all nine South American Amazonian countries. This was based on official information from every country, as well as from two substantial scientific references. We verified the standard taxonomic names from each individual source, using the Taxonomic Name Resolution Service (TNRS) and considered all Amazonian tree species with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥10 cm. We also obtained estimates of the current population size for most species from a published approach based on data from 1900 tree inventory plots (1‐ha each) distributed across the Amazon region and part from the Amazon Tree Diversity Network (ATDN). We then identified the hyperdominant timber species. In addition, we overlapped our timber species list with data for species that are used for commercial purposes, according to the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) taxa assessment and Red List categories. Finally, we also included IUCN Red List categories based on combined deforestation, and climate change scenarios for these species. Our final Amazonian timber species dataset contains 1112 unique species records, which belong to 337 genera and 72 families from the lowland Amazonian rainforest, with associated information related to population, conservation, and trade status of each species. The authors of this research expect that the information provided will be useful to strengthen the public forestry policies of the Amazon countries, inform ecological studies, as well for forest management purposes. The data are released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
Keywords	Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species ; climate change ; data collection ; deforestation ; forest management ; inventories ; population size ; rain forests ; trade ; tree and stand measurements ; trees ; tropical wood ; Amazonia
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-09
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	1797-8
ISSN	0012-9658
ISSN	0012-9658
DOI	10.1002/ecy.4135
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Article ; Online: Widespread herbivory cost in tropical nitrogen-fixing tree species.

Barker, Will / Comita, Liza S / Wright, S Joseph / Phillips, Oliver L / Sedio, Brian E / Batterman, Sarah A

Nature

2022 Volume 612, Issue 7940, Page(s) 483–487

Abstract: Recent observations suggest that the large carbon sink in mature and recovering forests may be strongly limited by ... ...

Abstract	Recent observations suggest that the large carbon sink in mature and recovering forests may be strongly limited by nitrogen
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Carbon/metabolism ; Carbon Sequestration ; Forests ; Herbivory ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Nitrogen Fixation ; Panama ; Plant Leaves ; Seedlings ; Trees/classification ; Trees/metabolism ; Tropical Climate
Chemical Substances	Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	120714-3
ISSN	1476-4687 ; 0028-0836
ISSN (online)	1476-4687
ISSN	0028-0836
DOI	10.1038/s41586-022-05502-6
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Article: Very Low Stocks and Inputs of Necromass in Wind-affected Tropical Forests

Chao, Kuo-Jung / Liao, Pin-Siou / Chen, Yi-Sheng / Song, Guo-Zhang Michael / Phillips, Oliver L. / Lin, Hsing-Juh

Ecosystems. 2022 Mar., v. 25, no. 2

2022

Abstract: The relationships between climate and forest dynamics can help us to interpret patterns of ecosystem carbon and to predict how forests react to climatic changes. We report mass dynamics of deadwood (necromass) from tropical forest ecosystems subject to ... ...

Abstract	The relationships between climate and forest dynamics can help us to interpret patterns of ecosystem carbon and to predict how forests react to climatic changes. We report mass dynamics of deadwood (necromass) from tropical forest ecosystems subject to some of the highest frequency of tropical cyclones in the world and to regular, persistent seasonal monsoon winds. Plots that are influenced by typhoons but exposed to different degrees of monsoon winds were monitored. We expected that stocks and inputs of necromass would reflect the seasonal intensity of wind events and be higher in the high wind exposure forest than in the low wind exposure forest, especially for fallen woody debris. The results showed that necromass input was indeed influenced by the magnitude of typhoons and aggravated by monsoon winds. However, while there was no significant difference in stock of necromass between plots, inputs of standing necromass were significantly higher in the high wind exposure plot; these were mostly derived from dead resprouts. Both our forests had very low values of total necromass stocks (3.47–4.32 Mg C ha⁻¹) and inputs (2.1–2.5 Mg C ha⁻¹ y⁻¹) compared with tropical forests worldwide. Our results show that both monsoon and typhoon winds shape these tropical forests, favouring low stature individuals and trees with ability to resprout and that these strategies provide these forests with remarkable resistance and resilience to wind disturbances. Our findings from some of the most wind-affected forests in the world indicate how woody carbon dynamics and forest structure in other regions may respond to future changes in the frequency and intensity of winds.
Keywords	carbon ; climate ; dead wood ; forest dynamics ; monsoon season ; necromass ; tropical forests ; typhoons ; wind speed
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-03
Size	p. 488-503.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1428921-0
ISSN	1435-0629 ; 1432-9840
ISSN (online)	1435-0629
ISSN	1432-9840
DOI	10.1007/s10021-021-00667-z
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Article: Carbon uptake by mature Amazon forests has mitigated Amazon nations' carbon emissions.

Phillips, Oliver L / Brienen, Roel J W

Carbon balance and management

2017 Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 1

Abstract: Background: Several independent lines of evidence suggest that Amazon forests have provided a significant carbon sink service, and also that the Amazon carbon sink in intact, mature forests may now be threatened as a result of different processes. There ...

Abstract	Background: Several independent lines of evidence suggest that Amazon forests have provided a significant carbon sink service, and also that the Amazon carbon sink in intact, mature forests may now be threatened as a result of different processes. There has however been no work done to quantify non-land-use-change forest carbon fluxes on a national basis within Amazonia, or to place these national fluxes and their possible changes in the context of the major anthropogenic carbon fluxes in the region. Here we present a first attempt to interpret results from ground-based monitoring of mature forest carbon fluxes in a biogeographically, politically, and temporally differentiated way. Specifically, using results from a large long-term network of forest plots, we estimate the Amazon biomass carbon balance over the last three decades for the different regions and nine nations of Amazonia, and evaluate the magnitude and trajectory of these differentiated balances in relation to major national anthropogenic carbon emissions. Results: The sink of carbon into mature forests has been remarkably geographically ubiquitous across Amazonia, being substantial and persistent in each of the five biogeographic regions within Amazonia. Between 1980 and 2010, it has more than mitigated the fossil fuel emissions of every single national economy, except that of Venezuela. For most nations (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname) the sink has probably additionally mitigated all anthropogenic carbon emissions due to Amazon deforestation and other land use change. While the sink has weakened in some regions since 2000, our analysis suggests that Amazon nations which are able to conserve large areas of natural and semi-natural landscape still contribute globally-significant carbon sequestration. Conclusions: Mature forests across all of Amazonia have contributed significantly to mitigating climate change for decades. Yet Amazon nations have not directly benefited from providing this global scale ecosystem service. We suggest that better monitoring and reporting of the carbon fluxes within mature forests, and understanding the drivers of changes in their balance, must become national, as well as international, priorities.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1750-0680
ISSN	1750-0680
DOI	10.1186/s13021-016-0069-2
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Article ; Online: Anatomical functional traits and hydraulic vulnerability of trees in different water conditions in southern Amazonia.

Ribeiro-Júnior, Norberto G / Marimon, Ben Hur / Marimon, Beatriz S / Cruz, Wesley J A / Silva, Ivone V / Galbraith, David R / Gloor, Emanuel / Phillips, Oliver L

American journal of botany

2023 Volume 110, Issue 4, Page(s) e16146

Abstract: Premise: Understanding tree species' responses to drought is critical for predicting the future of tropical forests, especially in regions where the climate is changing rapidly.: Methods: We compared anatomical and functional traits of the dominant ... ...

Abstract	Premise: Understanding tree species' responses to drought is critical for predicting the future of tropical forests, especially in regions where the climate is changing rapidly. Methods: We compared anatomical and functional traits of the dominant tree species of two tropical forests in southern Amazonia, one on deep, well-drained soils (cerradão [CD]) and one in a riparian environment (gallery forest [GF]), to examine potential anatomical indicators of resistance or vulnerability to drought. Results: Leaves of CD species generally had a thicker cuticle, upper epidermis, and mesophyll than those of GF species, traits that are indicative of adaptation to water deficit. In the GF, the theoretical hydraulic conductivity of the stems was significantly higher, indicating lower investment in drought resistance. The anatomical functional traits of CD species indicate a greater potential for surviving water restriction compared to the GF. Even so, it is possible that CD species could also be affected by extreme climate changes due to the more water-limited environment. Conclusions: In addition to the marked anatomical and functional differences between these phytophysiognomies, tree diversity within each is associated with a large range of hydraulic morphofunctional niches. Our results suggest the strong potential for floristic and functional compositional shifts under continued climate change, especially in the GF.
MeSH term(s)	Trees/physiology ; Water/physiology ; Tropical Climate ; Forests ; Droughts ; Plant Leaves/physiology
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2935-x
ISSN	1537-2197 ; 0002-9122
ISSN (online)	1537-2197
ISSN	0002-9122
DOI	10.1002/ajb2.16146
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Article ; Online: Evaluating the tropical forest carbon sink.

Phillips, Oliver L / Lewis, Simon L

Global change biology

2014 Volume 20, Issue 7, Page(s) 2039–2041

MeSH term(s)	Carbon Sequestration ; Ecosystem ; Trees
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1281439-8
ISSN	1365-2486 ; 1354-1013
ISSN (online)	1365-2486
ISSN	1354-1013
DOI	10.1111/gcb.12423
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Article: Carbon uptake by mature Amazon forests has mitigated Amazon nations’ carbon emissions

Phillips, OliverL / Roel J. W. Brienen

Carbon balance and management. 2017 Dec., v. 12, no. 1

2017

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Several independent lines of evidence suggest that Amazon forests have provided a significant carbon sink service, and also that the Amazon carbon sink in intact, mature forests may now be threatened as a result of different processes. There ... ...

Institution	the RAINFOR collaboration
Abstract	BACKGROUND: Several independent lines of evidence suggest that Amazon forests have provided a significant carbon sink service, and also that the Amazon carbon sink in intact, mature forests may now be threatened as a result of different processes. There has however been no work done to quantify non-land-use-change forest carbon fluxes on a national basis within Amazonia, or to place these national fluxes and their possible changes in the context of the major anthropogenic carbon fluxes in the region. Here we present a first attempt to interpret results from ground-based monitoring of mature forest carbon fluxes in a biogeographically, politically, and temporally differentiated way. Specifically, using results from a large long-term network of forest plots, we estimate the Amazon biomass carbon balance over the last three decades for the different regions and nine nations of Amazonia, and evaluate the magnitude and trajectory of these differentiated balances in relation to major national anthropogenic carbon emissions. RESULTS: The sink of carbon into mature forests has been remarkably geographically ubiquitous across Amazonia, being substantial and persistent in each of the five biogeographic regions within Amazonia. Between 1980 and 2010, it has more than mitigated the fossil fuel emissions of every single national economy, except that of Venezuela. For most nations (Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname) the sink has probably additionally mitigated all anthropogenic carbon emissions due to Amazon deforestation and other land use change. While the sink has weakened in some regions since 2000, our analysis suggests that Amazon nations which are able to conserve large areas of natural and semi-natural landscape still contribute globally-significant carbon sequestration. CONCLUSIONS: Mature forests across all of Amazonia have contributed significantly to mitigating climate change for decades. Yet Amazon nations have not directly benefited from providing this global scale ecosystem service. We suggest that better monitoring and reporting of the carbon fluxes within mature forests, and understanding the drivers of changes in their balance, must become national, as well as international, priorities.
Keywords	biogeography ; biomass ; carbon ; carbon sequestration ; carbon sinks ; climate change ; deforestation ; ecosystem services ; emissions ; forests ; fossil fuels ; land use change ; landscapes ; monitoring ; Amazonia ; Bolivia ; Colombia ; Ecuador ; French Guiana ; Guyana ; Peru ; Suriname ; Venezuela
Language	English
Dates of publication	2017-12
Size	p. 1.
Publishing place	Springer International Publishing
Document type	Article
ISSN	1750-0680
DOI	10.1186/s13021-016-0069-2
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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