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Article ; Online: Peri-adolescent exposure to (meth)amphetamine in animal models.

Phillips, T J / Aldrich, S J

2021 Volume 161, Page(s) 1–51

Abstract: Experimentation with psychoactive drugs is often initiated in the peri-adolescent period, but knowledge of differences in the outcomes of peri-adolescent- vs adult-initiated exposure is incomplete. We consider the existing animal research in this area ... ...

Abstract	Experimentation with psychoactive drugs is often initiated in the peri-adolescent period, but knowledge of differences in the outcomes of peri-adolescent- vs adult-initiated exposure is incomplete. We consider the existing animal research in this area for (meth)amphetamines. Established for a number of phenotypes, is lower sensitivity of peri-adolescents than adults to acute effects of (meth)amphetamines, including neurotoxic effects of binge-level exposure. More variable are data for long-term consequences of peri-adolescent exposure on motivational and cognitive traits. Moreover, investigations often exclude an adult-initiated exposure group critical for answering questions about outcomes unique to peri-adolescent initiation. Despite this, it is clear from the animal research that (meth)amphetamine exposure during the peri-adolescent period, whether self- or other-administered, impacts brain motivational circuitry and cognitive function, and alters adult sensitivity to other drugs and natural rewards. Such consequences occurring in humans have the potential to predispose toward unfortunate and potentially disastrous family, social and livelihood outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Animals ; Brain/drug effects ; Brain/physiopathology ; Cognition/drug effects ; Cognition/physiology ; Humans ; Methamphetamine/toxicity ; Models, Animal
Chemical Substances	Methamphetamine (44RAL3456C)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	209876-3
ISSN	2162-5514 ; 0074-7742
ISSN (online)	2162-5514
ISSN	0074-7742
DOI	10.1016/bs.irn.2021.06.011
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Article ; Online: Non-genetic factors that influence methamphetamine intake in a genetic model of differential methamphetamine consumption.

Stafford, A M / Reed, C / Phillips, T J

Psychopharmacology

2020 Volume 237, Issue 11, Page(s) 3315–3336

Abstract: Rationale: Genetic and non-genetic factors influence substance use disorders. Our previous work in genetic mouse models focused on genetic factors that influence methamphetamine (MA) intake. The current research examined several non-genetic factors for ... ...

Abstract	Rationale: Genetic and non-genetic factors influence substance use disorders. Our previous work in genetic mouse models focused on genetic factors that influence methamphetamine (MA) intake. The current research examined several non-genetic factors for their potential influence on this trait. Objectives: We examined the impact on MA intake of several non-genetic factors, including MA access schedule, prior forced MA exposure, concomitant ethanol (EtOH) access, and gamma-aminobutyric acid type B (GABA Results: MAHDR, but not MALDR, mice increased MA intake when given intermittent access, compared with continuous access, with a water choice under both schedules. MA intake was not altered by previous exposure to forced MA consumption. Male MAHDR mice given simultaneous access to MA, EtOH, and an EtOH+MA mixture exhibited a strong preference for MA over EtOH and EtOH+MA; MA intake was not affected by EtOH in female MAHDR mice. When independent MAHDR groups were given access to MA, EtOH, or EtOH+MA vs. water in each case, MA intake was reduced in the water vs. EtOH+MA group, compared with the water vs. MA group. The GABA Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that voluntary MA intake in MAHDR mice is influenced by non-genetic factors related to MA access schedule and co-morbid EtOH exposure.
MeSH term(s)	Alcohol Drinking/genetics ; Alcohol Drinking/psychology ; Animals ; Behavior, Addictive/genetics ; Behavior, Addictive/psychology ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/administration & dosage ; Choice Behavior/drug effects ; Choice Behavior/physiology ; Ethanol/administration & dosage ; Female ; Male ; Methamphetamine/administration & dosage ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Models, Genetic ; Self Administration
Chemical Substances	Central Nervous System Stimulants ; Ethanol (3K9958V90M) ; Methamphetamine (44RAL3456C)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-24
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	130601-7
ISSN	1432-2072 ; 0033-3158
ISSN (online)	1432-2072
ISSN	0033-3158
DOI	10.1007/s00213-020-05614-9
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Article ; Online: Morphine intake and the effects of naltrexone and buprenorphine on the acquisition of methamphetamine intake.

Eastwood, E C / Phillips, T J

Genes, brain, and behavior

2013 Volume 13, Issue 2, Page(s) 226–235

Abstract: Some common genetic factors appear to influence risk for drug dependence across multiple drugs of abuse. In previous research, mice that were selectively bred for higher amounts of methamphetamine consumption, using a two-bottle choice methamphetamine ... ...

Abstract	Some common genetic factors appear to influence risk for drug dependence across multiple drugs of abuse. In previous research, mice that were selectively bred for higher amounts of methamphetamine consumption, using a two-bottle choice methamphetamine drinking procedure, were found to be less sensitive to the locomotor stimulant effects of morphine and of the more selective μ-opioid receptor agonist fentanyl, compared to mice that were bred for low methamphetamine consumption. This suggested that μ-opioid receptor-mediated pathways may influence genetic risk for methamphetamine consumption. We hypothesized that these differences in opioid sensitivity would impact opioid intake in the methamphetamine drinking lines and that drugs with μ-opioid receptor activity would impact methamphetamine intake. Consumption of morphine was examined in 2, two-bottle choice studies, one that compared morphine to quinine consumption and another that used a saccharin fading procedure. Next, naltrexone (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), a μ-opioid receptor antagonist, and buprenorphine (0, 1, 2 or 4 mg/kg), a μ-opioid receptor partial agonist, were each examined for their effects on the acquisition of methamphetamine consumption. Low methamphetamine drinking mice consumed more morphine compared to high methamphetamine drinking mice. Naltrexone did not alter methamphetamine consumption in either selected line; however, buprenorphine reduced methamphetamine intake in the high methamphetamine drinking line. These data show that greater sensitivity to opioids is associated with greater opioid intake and warrant further investigation of drugs with μ-opioid receptor-specific agonist activity in genetically determined differences in methamphetamine consumption.
MeSH term(s)	Amphetamine-Related Disorders/drug therapy ; Amphetamine-Related Disorders/genetics ; Amphetamine-Related Disorders/psychology ; Animals ; Buprenorphine/pharmacology ; Buprenorphine/therapeutic use ; Choice Behavior/drug effects ; Female ; Inbreeding ; Male ; Methamphetamine/pharmacology ; Mice ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Naltrexone/pharmacology ; Naltrexone/therapeutic use ; Narcotic Antagonists/pharmacology ; Selection, Genetic
Chemical Substances	Narcotic Antagonists ; Buprenorphine (40D3SCR4GZ) ; Methamphetamine (44RAL3456C) ; Naltrexone (5S6W795CQM) ; Morphine (76I7G6D29C)
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-11-18
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2075819-4
ISSN	1601-183X ; 1601-1848
ISSN (online)	1601-183X
ISSN	1601-1848
DOI	10.1111/gbb.12100
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Article ; Online: Breast nodularity and ulceration: diffuse dermal angiomatosis a corticosteroid responsive disease.

Ho, J D / Wolpowitz, D / Phillips, T J

Dermatology online journal

2016 Volume 22, Issue 11

Abstract: Diffuse dermal angiomatosis of the breast (DDAB) is an uncommon ulcerative angiomatosis, which occurs in middle aged women with large pendulous breasts, a history of cigarette smoking, and risk factors for atherosclerosis. Based on its rarity, no well- ... ...

Abstract	Diffuse dermal angiomatosis of the breast (DDAB) is an uncommon ulcerative angiomatosis, which occurs in middle aged women with large pendulous breasts, a history of cigarette smoking, and risk factors for atherosclerosis. Based on its rarity, no well-defined therapeutic regimen has been elucidated. We report a case of DDAB in a woman with no history of smoking or radiographic evidence of occluded vasculature who presented with ulceration and pain-associated breast nodularity. She had a complete reproducible response to oral corticosteroids.
MeSH term(s)	Angiomatosis/diagnosis ; Angiomatosis/drug therapy ; Angiomatosis/pathology ; Breast Diseases/diagnosis ; Breast Diseases/drug therapy ; Breast Diseases/pathology ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prednisone/therapeutic use ; Skin Diseases/diagnosis ; Skin Diseases/drug therapy ; Skin Diseases/pathology ; Skin Ulcer/diagnosis ; Skin Ulcer/drug therapy ; Skin Ulcer/pathology
Chemical Substances	Glucocorticoids ; Prednisone (VB0R961HZT)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-11-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2026239-5
ISSN	1087-2108 ; 1087-2108
ISSN (online)	1087-2108
ISSN	1087-2108
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Article ; Online: Identification of Treatment Targets in a Genetic Mouse Model of Voluntary Methamphetamine Drinking.

Phillips, T J / Mootz, J R K / Reed, C

International review of neurobiology

2016 Volume 126, Page(s) 39–85

Abstract: Methamphetamine has powerful stimulant and euphoric effects that are experienced as rewarding and encourage use. Methamphetamine addiction is associated with debilitating illnesses, destroyed relationships, child neglect, violence, and crime; but after ... ...

Abstract	Methamphetamine has powerful stimulant and euphoric effects that are experienced as rewarding and encourage use. Methamphetamine addiction is associated with debilitating illnesses, destroyed relationships, child neglect, violence, and crime; but after many years of research, broadly effective medications have not been identified. Individual differences that may impact not only risk for developing a methamphetamine use disorder but also affect treatment response have not been fully considered. Human studies have identified candidate genes that may be relevant, but lack of control over drug history, the common use or coabuse of multiple addictive drugs, and restrictions on the types of data that can be collected in humans are barriers to progress. To overcome some of these issues, a genetic animal model comprised of lines of mice selectively bred for high and low voluntary methamphetamine intake was developed to identify risk and protective alleles for methamphetamine consumption, and identify therapeutic targets. The mu opioid receptor gene was supported as a target for genes within a top-ranked transcription factor network associated with level of methamphetamine intake. In addition, mice that consume high levels of methamphetamine were found to possess a nonfunctional form of the trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1). The Taar1 gene is within a mouse chromosome 10 quantitative trait locus for methamphetamine consumption, and TAAR1 function determines sensitivity to aversive effects of methamphetamine that may curb intake. The genes, gene interaction partners, and protein products identified in this genetic mouse model represent treatment target candidates for methamphetamine addiction.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Central Nervous System Stimulants/toxicity ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine/genetics ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Humans ; Methamphetamine/toxicity ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Substance-Related Disorders/genetics ; Substance-Related Disorders/physiopathology ; Substance-Related Disorders/therapy ; Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins/genetics ; Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Central Nervous System Stimulants ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins ; Methamphetamine (44RAL3456C) ; Dopamine (VTD58H1Z2X) ; Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (XMC8VP6RI2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-03-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	209876-3
ISSN	2162-5514 ; 0074-7742
ISSN (online)	2162-5514
ISSN	0074-7742
DOI	10.1016/bs.irn.2016.02.001
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Article ; Online: Pathological margins and advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

Phillips, T J / Harris, B N / Moore, M G / Farwell, D G / Bewley, A F

Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale

2019 Volume 48, Issue 1, Page(s) 55

Abstract: Objective: The recommended treatment for cutaneous squamous cell cancer (CuSCC) of the head and neck is Mohs surgical excision or wide local excision. Excision is recommended to a gross surgical margin of 4-6 mm however this is based on limited evidence ...

Abstract	Objective: The recommended treatment for cutaneous squamous cell cancer (CuSCC) of the head and neck is Mohs surgical excision or wide local excision. Excision is recommended to a gross surgical margin of 4-6 mm however this is based on limited evidence and specify a goal histologic margin. The objective of this study was therefore to examine the reported histological margin distance following WLE of advanced CuSCC and its association with recurrence and survival. Study design: Retrospective database review. Setting: All patients included received treatment at UC Davis Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and/or Radiation Oncology in Sacramento, California. Subjects and methods: The patients included were treated for advanced CuSCC with primary surgery with or without adjuvant therapy. Kaplan Meier survival curves with log rank analysis were then performed to compare 5-year recurrence free survival, and disease-specific survival for patients with different margin distances. Results: Total number of subjects was 92. The overall 5-year DSS and RFS was 68.8 and 51.0% respectively. When the pathological margin distance was ≥5 mm, 5-year disease specific survival was improved when compared to margin distance less than 5 mm (94.7 vs 60.7 p = 0.034). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a histologic margin of at least 5 mm may increase survival in advanced head and neck CuSCC patients.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/mortality ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery ; Female ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/mortality ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/surgery ; Humans ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Male ; Margins of Excision ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin Neoplasms/mortality ; Skin Neoplasms/pathology ; Skin Neoplasms/surgery ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2434004-2
ISSN	1916-0216 ; 1916-0208 ; 0381-6605
ISSN (online)	1916-0216
ISSN	1916-0208 ; 0381-6605
DOI	10.1186/s40463-019-0374-3
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Article ; Online: Preclinical evidence implicating corticotropin-releasing factor signaling in ethanol consumption and neuroadaptation.

Phillips, T J / Reed, C / Pastor, R

Genes, brain, and behavior

2015 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 98–135

Abstract: The results of many studies support the influence of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system on ethanol (EtOH) consumption and EtOH-induced neuroadaptations that are critical in the addiction process. This review summarizes the preclinical data ... ...

Abstract	The results of many studies support the influence of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system on ethanol (EtOH) consumption and EtOH-induced neuroadaptations that are critical in the addiction process. This review summarizes the preclinical data in this area after first providing an overview of the components of the CRF system. This complex system involves hypothalamic and extra-hypothalamic mechanisms that play a role in the central and peripheral consequences of stressors, including EtOH and other drugs of abuse. In addition, several endogenous ligands and targets make up this system and show differences in their involvement in EtOH drinking and in the effects of chronic or repeated EtOH treatment. In general, genetic and pharmacological approaches paint a consistent picture of the importance of CRF signaling via type 1 CRF receptors (CRF(1)) in EtOH-induced neuroadaptations that result in higher levels of intake, encourage alcohol seeking during abstinence and alter EtOH sensitivity. Furthermore, genetic findings in rodents, non-human primates and humans have provided some evidence of associations of genetic polymorphisms in CRF-related genes with EtOH drinking, although additional data are needed. These results suggest that CRF(1) antagonists have potential as pharmacotherapeutics for alcohol use disorders. However, given the broad and important role of these receptors in adaptation to environmental and other challenges, full antagonist effects may be too profound and consideration should be given to treatments with modulatory effects.
MeSH term(s)	Adaptation, Physiological ; Alcohol Drinking/genetics ; Alcohol Drinking/metabolism ; Alcohol Drinking/physiopathology ; Animals ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism ; Humans ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/genetics ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
Chemical Substances	Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (9015-71-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2075819-4
ISSN	1601-183X ; 1601-1848
ISSN (online)	1601-183X
ISSN	1601-1848
DOI	10.1111/gbb.12189
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Article: Tazarotene 0.1% cream for the treatment of photodamage.

Phillips, T J

Skin therapy letter

2004 Volume 9, Issue 4, Page(s) 1–2

Abstract: Tazarotene (Tazorac, Allergan) has been shown to be effective in reducing the effects of photoaging in short term studies. To determine its effectiveness in the longer term, a 24-week multicenter, double-blind, randomized, vehicle controlled intervention ...

Abstract	Tazarotene (Tazorac, Allergan) has been shown to be effective in reducing the effects of photoaging in short term studies. To determine its effectiveness in the longer term, a 24-week multicenter, double-blind, randomized, vehicle controlled intervention study of 562 patients with facial photodamage was carried out followed by a 28-week open label extension. Patients were treated with one daily application of tazarotene 0.1% cream or vehicle cream to the face for 24 weeks, then tazarotene 0.1% cream for another 28 weeks. At week 24, when compared to vehicle, tazarotene resulted in a significantly greater incidence of patients achieving treatment success (over 50 percent greater improvement) and at least a 1 grade improvement in fine wrinkling, mottled pigmentation, pore size, lentigines, elastosis, irregular depigmentation, tactile roughness, coarse wrinkling and overall integrated assessment of photodamage. Additional clinical improvement occurred with continued tazarotene treatment and had not plateaued by week 52.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Topical ; Adult ; Aged ; Dermatologic Agents/administration & dosage ; Dermatologic Agents/therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nicotinic Acids/administration & dosage ; Nicotinic Acids/therapeutic use ; Skin Aging/drug effects ; Time Factors
Chemical Substances	Dermatologic Agents ; Nicotinic Acids ; tazarotene (81BDR9Y8PS)
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-04
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Clinical Trial ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study ; Randomized Controlled Trial
ZDB-ID	2065394-3
ISSN	1201-5989
ISSN	1201-5989
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Article: Maternal antioxidant treatment prevents the adverse effects of prenatal stress on the offspring's brain and behavior.

Scott, H / Phillips, T J / Sze, Y / Alfieri, A / Rogers, M F / Volpato, V / Case, C P / Brunton, P J

Neurobiology of stress

2020 Volume 13, Page(s) 100281

Abstract: Maternal exposure to stress during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders in the offspring in later life. The mechanisms through which the effects of maternal stress are transmitted to the fetus are unclear, however the ... ...

Abstract	Maternal exposure to stress during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders in the offspring in later life. The mechanisms through which the effects of maternal stress are transmitted to the fetus are unclear, however the placenta, as the interface between mother and fetus, is likely to play a key role. Using a rat model, we investigated a role for placental oxidative stress in conveying the effects of maternal social stress to the fetus and the potential for treatment using a nanoparticle-bound antioxidant to prevent adverse outcomes in the offspring. Maternal psychosocial stress increased circulating corticosterone in the mother, but not in the fetuses. Maternal stress also induced oxidative stress in the placenta, but not in the fetal brain. Blocking oxidative stress using an antioxidant prevented the prenatal stress-induced anxiety phenotype in the male offspring, and prevented sex-specific neurobiological changes, specifically a reduction in dendrite lengths in the hippocampus, as well as reductions in the number of parvalbumin-positive neurons and GABA receptor subunits in the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala of the male offspring. Importantly, many of these effects were mimicked in neuronal cultures by application of placental-conditioned medium or fetal plasma from stressed pregnancies, indicating molecules released from the placenta may mediate the effects of prenatal stress on the fetal brain. Indeed, both placenta-conditioned medium and fetal plasma contained differentially abundant microRNAs following maternal stress, and their predicted targets were enriched for genes relevant to nervous system development and psychiatric disorders. The results highlight placental oxidative stress as a key mediator in transmitting the maternal social stress effects on the offspring's brain and behavior, and offer a potential intervention to prevent stress-induced fetal programming of affective disorders.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-29
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2816500-7
ISSN	2352-2895
ISSN	2352-2895
DOI	10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100281
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Article: Chondromalacia of the cranial medial femoral condyle; its occurrence and association with clinical outcome in a population of adult horses with stifle lameness

Croxford, A. K / Parker, R. A / Burford, J. H / Lloyd, D / Boswell, J. C / Hughes, T. K / Phillips, T. J

Equine veterinary journal. 2020 May, v. 52, no. 3

2020

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Chondromalacia of the cranial medial femoral condyle (CMFC) is a potential cause of stifle lameness in adult horses. However, there is scant published evidence of either its occurrence or its clinical significance. OBJECTIVES: To document the ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Chondromalacia of the cranial medial femoral condyle (CMFC) is a potential cause of stifle lameness in adult horses. However, there is scant published evidence of either its occurrence or its clinical significance. OBJECTIVES: To document the occurrence of CMFC seen during diagnostic arthroscopy in adult horses with stifle lameness and to investigate its prognostic significance. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: The records were reviewed of all horses with unilateral or bilateral lameness localised to the stifle that underwent diagnostic arthroscopy of the cranial medial femorotibial joint at a UK equine hospital. The surgical findings were noted from each. Case outcomes were determined by unstructured telephone discussions with owners. A satisfactory outcome was defined as a horse that was in ridden work without ongoing anti‐inflammatory medication. Multivariable logistic regression was used to create a model with an outcome time point at 12‐month post‐operatively. RESULTS: One hundred and four horses were included in the study. CMFC was found in 79. In 25 CMFC was the only finding, 54 horses had CMFC plus other pathology and 25 had other pathology, but no CMFC. At 12 months, horses with CMFC were 9.9 (95% CI 2.2–45.0, P<0.01) times more likely to have an unsatisfactory outcome than horses without CMFC. MAIN LIMITATIONS: The study relied on retrospective analysis of clinical notes and archived arthroscopy videos. Assessment of outcome was determined by unstructured telephone interview and therefore there is potential for reporting errors to exist. CONCLUSIONS: CMFC is a common arthroscopic finding in horses with stifle lameness and is significantly associated with an increased likelihood of the horse not being in ridden work at long‐term follow‐up.
Keywords	adults ; arthroscopy ; cohort studies ; drug therapy ; horses ; hospitals ; lameness ; models ; regression analysis ; retrospective studies ; stifle ; telephones ; United Kingdom
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-05
Size	p. 379-383.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	41606-x
ISSN	0425-1644
ISSN	0425-1644
DOI	10.1111/evj.13205
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